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The analysis of playing interactions of a child at toddler age in a nursery
Petráňová, Tereza ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee)
This diploma thesis The analysis of palying interactions of a child at toddler age in a nursery is divided into two parts - the theoretical part and the empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. The first chapter deals with the characteristics of a child at toddler age. The individual stages of child development are described here. The second chapter focuses on the child's play activities and the third characterises nursery care in the Czech Republic and abroad. The fourth chapter contains summary of the theoretical part. The survey presented in the empirical part of the thesis consists of an analysis of play interaction between two and three-year old children and their teacher in a nursery facility. The following actions of children were monitored: vocalisation, eye contact with other people and expression of emotions, motor activity, toy preference and mutual physical contact between the teacher and a child. Video records were analysed using applications V.I.P. (Video Interactive Procesor) and MS Excel. I compared not only the data of all children, but I also focused on a comparison between the boys and girls in terms of different gender. Key words: toddler, play interaction, nursery facility, nursery teacher, child development, parental care.
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Infant and toddler nutrition
Šimková, Kateřina ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Hrnčířová, Dana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the subject of infant and toddler nutrition. These stages of child development correspond to the period from birth to age three, and the establishment of healthy nutrition and eating habits is fundamental, because it may have a lifelong impact. The practical part of this thesis aimed to examine the compliance of parents with guidelines on breast-feeding and the introduction of complementary feeding, to determine toddlers' actual intake of calories and macronutrients, and to assess the frequency of consummation and amounts of sweet foods and drinks. Based on this data, it was tested whether the intake of calories, macronutrients and sugar had an influence on the body mass index (BMI) or weight-for-length ratio. The information was collected using a questionnaire filled by parents of 22 children hospitalized in the Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague. The results showed that the majority of parents followed the guidelines in the length of exclusive breast-feeding and a period of introduction of complementary feeding. The dietary records revealed that almost all toddlers involved in this study had an excessive intake of proteins and sugars....
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Food allergies in infant and toddler age
Stárková, Klára ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; El-Lababidi, Nabil (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of food allergies in infant and toddler age. Theoretical part sums up the newest information about prevelance, which is increasing and food allergies are becoming one of the disease of civilization in 21. century. Next chapter is about the basics of patophysiology and explanation of difference between IgE and non-IgE reactions. Other chapters are focused on diagnostic methods, symptoms and treatment. Next parts deal with the most common food alergens in infant and toddler age, prognosis, risk factors and prevention. The aim of the work was to find out level of parent's knowlodege about the food allergies, what is their main source of the information and incidence of food allergies in children. The select methodology of the work was questionnare survey. The results are that parents don't have enough relevant information about food allergies, they are best informed about recommended lenght of an exclusive breastfeeding and about an appropriate age for an introduction of complementary food. The information are mostly searched on the internet, less from pediatrician. It was also found there is no significant dependency of the quality of information and level of education or allergic load in family. The proportion of children with food allergies was quite high...
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Changes in intestinal flora in toodlers after application antibiotics
ŠTABERŇÁKOVÁ, Jitka
In the theoretical part, I concentrated on the characteristics of the bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family. I followed up with aerobic intestinal flora, which we establish by common cultivation. I described the course of microbiological examination and the characteristics of antibiotics from the mechanisms of their function to their side effects. The aim of my bachelor's thesis was to establish, how the intestinal microbiome is affected after the administration of the antibiotic Klacid. In collaboration with a pediatrician, 76 rectal swabs were performed on 38 toddlers, to whom Klacid was prescribed to cure a respiratory disease. Two swabs were performed; the first performed before the beginning of treatment by Klacid and the second after the conclusion of the antibiotic treatment. Both of the swabs were sent to the laboratory of Stafila k.s. for a microbiological examination of aerobic strains. The samples were inoculated and during the next days also evaluated. Using biochemical examination, further determination of the individual bacteria was performed. I acquired microbiological examination of 76 samples of bacteria. I determined that in 76% only an insignificant change in the opportunistic bacteria occurred after the antibiotic treatment; in the next 24%, there was a recess in the pathogenic flora.
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Changes In Toddlers' Intestinal Microflora After Antibiotics In Connection To Nutrition
MRLÍKOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis focuses on changes in toddlers' intestinal microflora after antibiotics in connection to nutrition. The first aim is to inform public about the importance of healthy gut microbiota. The second aim is to determine to what extent antibiotics influence intestinal microflora. The third aim is to analyze a list of daily meals of selected toddlers with antibiotics and to propose recommendations to support the health of intestinal microflora. In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis I focus on key information about intestinal microflora, its characteristics, abilities and benefits for human organism. I also mention effects of enviroment on microbiota, benefits of fiber as an important source of energy for bacteria and ongoing trend of antibiotics indications which have major impact on bacteria. According to my stated goals, in the practical part of my bachelor thesis I analyze stool samples from toddlers before and during antibiotic treatment, compare them and determine if the microbes changed. I simultaneously collected some lists of daily meals from toddlers' mothers and I analyze approprietness of the meals for toddlers and changes that should go along with the antibiotic therapy. I also focus on the presence of probiotic foods. This bachelor thesis can serve as an information background about antibiotic treatment. From laboratory examination we can see that the amount of aerobic bacteria in intestinal microflora changed in 15 toddlers. Altogether only 10 toddlers consumed some probiotic food at least once a day. The sufficient amount of fiber according to my estimation fulfilled 13 lists. There were 20 toddlers in total.
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The issue of classifying toddlers to child day-care centers in the Czech Republic
NEUHÖFEROVÁ, Lenka
This thesis deals with the issue of placing toddlers in day-care centers. It takes into account three main topics. The point of view of the psychological needs of children, the point of toddlers' inclusion into day-care centers from the perspective of the centers themselves and the aspect of the family status in the Czech Republic and economic needs of the state. The aim of this thesis is to describe the suitability of putting toddlers into day-care centers from a theoretical point of view and to assess the convenience of putting toddlers into day-care centers in the Czech Republic.
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Výživa kojenců a batolat
Losertová, Milena
Keeping the principle rational nutrition provides us with important miconutrients and macronutrients that are essentials for the right function in of the human body. It is therefore desirable that the mother of these principles then drawing up menus for yourself, her child, and ideal for the whole family as a child in the toddler period blind to accept the eating habits of other family members and embraced by the. It is also a right way how to prevent food allergies and civilization diseases. For there to occurrence of these risk it is important that some food stuff would be implemented to the toddler´s diet in the right order from the age of six months. The principles of implementing new kind of food in to the child´s diet should be respected as well in the toddler period.
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