|
| |
|
|
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury and ALS.
Gajdoš, Roman ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Vargová, Lýdia (referee)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have become a new phenomenon of regenerative medicine. It is obvious that they share some common characteristics with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) such as stemness potential, self-renewal p., differentiation p. iPSCs retain their epigenetic memory, allowing becoming patient-specific and so it is not necessary to apply immunosuppressants. The use of ESCs is controversial, because their acquisition is associated with embryo destruction. As a cell source for iPSCs derivation we can use any somatic cells, however, fibroblasts are preferably used due to their easy availability. With transcriptional reprogramming cocktail (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, c- MYC / OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28) we can obtain required iPSCs line, which is then further differentiated into neural precursors (NPCs). These cells can be grafted into lesion site, where they can facilitate regeneration by several mechanisms (cell replacement, protective effect, facilitation the expression of trophic factors). Nevertheless, here we are still dealing with the risk of tumorogenesis or low cell derivation efficiency that limits the use of iPSCs in clinical practice. In this thesis we will therefore mainly focus on the therapeutic potential of iPSCs in preclinical studies, their use in the treatment of...
|
|
|
Stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury
Juříková, Tereza ; Jendelová, Pavla (advisor) ; Krulová, Magdaléna (referee)
Stem cells are unique thanks to their ability to differentiate into all cell types and self-renewal. They can be used for repairing and functional recovery of various tissues and organs. Regenerative medicine, progressive medical field, use these properties to give a chance to patients with yet incurable health complitations. These include spinal cord injury, which results in huge demyelination and disorders in neurological function. Mesenchymal stem cells contribute to recovery of damaged tissue thanks to its immunomodulatory abilities and production of a number of growth factors. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into the functional nerve cells, however its use is connected with the posibility of tumorigenesis and also ethical problems. Promising results gives a combinatorial treatment using biomaterials as scaffolds for cells or growth factors. The knowledge of genetic modification of cells will be used in the future. The aim of this thesis is to sumarise current knowledge of the spinal cord treatment with emphasis on tissue specific stem cells. Key words: stem cells - spinal cord injury - tissue recovery - biomaterials
|
|
|
Curcumin in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury
Kloudová, Anna ; Machová Urdzíková, Lucia (advisor) ; Martončíková, Marcela (referee)
Spinal cord injury is a very significant clinical as well as social problem with extensive consequences, affecting the patient and also his/her family. Great efforts have been devoted to searching for an effective treatment, which would improve their situation. This thesis evaluated the effects of the natural compound curcumin on spinal cord injury using an experimental balloon compression model. Male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups following the lesion induction, namely vehicle- or curcumin-treated. The behavioral recovery was evaluated using a set of locomotor and sensory tests and a histological and imunohistochemical analysis was performed. The qPCR method was used to observe the expression of some genes related to regeneration and immune response. It was demonstrated that curcumin improved locomotor recovery after the spinal cord injury, particularly in the early stages. Morphometric analysis of the gray and white matter sparing didn't confirm any differences between the two groups. Nevertheless, the glial scar formation was significantly reduced around the central part of the lesion in the curcumin treated group and also the NF-κB activity was substantially inhibited. The gene expression analysis demontrated downregulation of Gfap and Rantes genes and upregulation of the Irf5 gene...
|
|
|
The possibilities of physical exercise in relation to the metabolism after spinal cord injury
Olišarová, Eva ; Hlinková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kříž, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the information about the possibilities of the physical exercise in individuals with the spinal cord injury. The work presents various types of the physical activity and describes their effect on metabolism and body composition. It also includes the information about the frequency, the duration and the intensity of exercise. The interruption of the somatomotor and somatosensory pathways in patients with spinal cord injury leads to the reduction of their physical activity. As a consequence of that, their metabolic profile and body composition get worse. Early after the injury, the patients suffer from the massive muscle atrophy and the rise of the amount of adipose tissue. These changes have a negative effect on metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. It results in the development of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, sometimes even in type 2 diabetes mellitus. These secondary complications worsen the quality and the length of life of the patients with the spinal cord injury. Better understanding of these issues is necessary to improve the quality of health care for these people. The work includes a short questionnaire. Its goal is to describe the current situation of patients with the spinal cord injury in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire was...
|
|
|
Validity of "Muscle excitability scale" for spasticity assessment in patients with spinal cord injury
Posseltová, Tereza ; Kříž, Jiří (advisor) ; Hlinková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to assess a construct validity of "Muscle Excitability Scale" in assessment of spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. The correlation between this scale and other clinical tests evaluating various aspects of spasticity was investigated. 48 participants with symptoms of a spasticity were included in the study. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used for quantification of correlation between each two tests. The most significant correlation was found between the Muscle Excitability Scale and the Modified Ashworth Scale (rs=0,26 - 0,35, p<0,05). Less significant correlation was found in comparison with the Clonus Scale (rs=0,27, p<0,05) and with the SCI-SET (rs=0,25 - 0,26, p<0,05). There was no correlation between the Muscle Excitability Scale and the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale. Additionally every test was compared to each other and then the outcomes was discussed and compared to results of other similar studies. Keywords Muscle Excitability Scale, validity, spasticity, spinal cord injury, Modified Ashworth Scale, Penn Spasm Frequency Scale, Clonus Scale, SCI-SET
|
|
|
Trail-O as the means of integration of persons after spinal cord injury
Studená, Veronika ; Kalkusová, Lucie (advisor) ; Šafránek, Jiří (referee)
Title: Trail-O as the means of integration of persons after spinal cord injury. Objective: The goal of the thesis is to describe the current situation of the Trail-O event and to highlight its utilization options for handicapped people. Methodology: The research group consists of 18 respondents, of which 10 handicapped and 8 persons without a handicap, 11 men and 7 women engaged in Trail-O. The research was conducted using a public inquiry, the investigation focused on the personal data and information about this sport. Data collection took place at the European Cup in Trail-O in September 2015 and electronically on the server www.survio.com. The data was evaluted by descriptive statistics, the absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Men are more engaged in Trail-O than women and approximately the same amount of handicapped as respondents without a handicap. 17 respondents has previous experience with other sports, 13 of them to the Trail-O received by previous operation of orienteering. The main motives for doing Trail-O are nature, people, the possibility of competition between the handicapped and the healthy as well as the possibility to contest on top level even with a handicap. Part of the side motives are supporting the development of Trail-O, helping the handicapped in contests, working...
|
|
|
Detection of neuronal activity associated with function of lower urinary tract with use of functional magnetic resonance imaging
Holý, Petr ; Zachoval, Roman (advisor) ; Hanuš, Tomáš (referee) ; Mašata, Jaromír (referee)
of the thesis Considerable research attention has been paid to the neural regulation of the lower urinary tract (LUT) in past three decades. The aim of this work is mapping of a brain activity by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using refined scanning protocol with synchronously performed urodynamics. We aimed to detect neural activity associated with pelvic floor muscle (PF) contractions, filling of urinary bladder and miction. In addition we evaluated using fMRI brain activity associated with urinary bladder filling in patients with a complete spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized activation of brainstem and forebrain areas in receiving information from the vagal nerves. Adjustments of urodynamic system enabled successful implementation of synchronous filling cystometry with fMRI evaluation of cortical activity. We concluded that synchronous urodynamic examination is a novel feasible method that facilitates and enhance interpretation of fMRI data acquired. The main clusters of brain activation during PF contractions were observed in the medial surface of the frontal lobe (primary motor area) and supplementary motor area (SMA). We detected neural activity associated with filling of urinary bladder and miction in middle and inferior frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, posterior and...
|
|
|
Reactions of cardiovascular system to locomat therapy in patients with lesion of the spinal cord
Stráníková, Kateřina ; Radvanský, Jiří (advisor) ; Kříž, Jan (referee)
Introduction - This thesis focuses on the reaction of cardiovascular system to Lokomat therapy in patients with lesion of the spinal cord. It observes reaction of the heart rate and systolic blood pressure and compares with the cardiovascular response to the exercise on an upper body ergometer. Methods - We recruited 25 patients with spinal cord lesion under Th 5 and 4 patients with lesion above Th 5. The blood pressure was measured. The heart rate was measured by by ambulatory blood pressure monitor and an auscultatory method using a mercury manometer and a stethoscope a sporttester. Patients were measured during the Locomat therapy and the exercise on an upper body ergometer during the 6-minute arm test. Results - The parameters of systolic blood pressure and heart rate had a tendency to increase with the peak in 25th minute of the therapy. There was no significant difference between the patients with lesion under or above Th5. The parameters of heart rate were significantly higher on the upper body ergometer than on Lokomat. Conclusion - The Lokomat therapy does have a positive influence to cardiovascular system of patients with complete or incomplete spinal cord injury. When using this approach, the most important benefit is the possibility to activate all parts of body. Keywords: spinal cord injury,...
|
|
|
Case management form the point of view of the occupational therapist in persons with the spinal injures
Zemanová, Eva ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Angerová, Yvona (referee)
BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE Jméno: Eva Zemanová Vedoucí práce: Kateřina Svěcená Název bakalářské práce: Case management z pohledu ergoterapeuta u osob se spinálním poraněním, Case Management from the point of view of the occupational therapist in persons with the spinal cord injurie Abstract: This Bachelor thesis concerns to case management for patients of spinal cord injury. It focuses on the concept of case management. This is a coordinated manage of case. Informs about the possibilities to connect services with the user and to coordinate the various phases of rehabilitation for spinal patients whose treatment is lengthy and takes place in many medical facilities. Furthermore, there also we find out what services the case managers offer to users. Case management is widely used abroad but in our country is developed gradually and with considerable delay. We will find out whether it be used in this patient group in our country and how. We will learn how looks the organizations system of rehabilitation in selected facilities, interconnection of rehabilitation and information on spinal program in the Czech Republic and abroad. An integral part of the Bachelor thesis is involvement of occupational therapist in this process and evaluation the information on how the occupational therapist may participate in the...
|
guest ::
