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Nutrition of women during pregnancy: needs, knowledge, awareness and real use of knowledge
Pelánová, Natálie ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Tomešová, Jitka (referee)
Pregnancy is a crucial period in a woman's life, when many physical and mental changes take place. A woman must think not only of herself and consider what is best for her and her child. With the help of a nutritionally rich diet, it is possible to affect the health of the fetus into the distant future. This bachelor thesis deals with the nutrition of pregnant women, their needs, information and the use of acquired knowledge. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part I analyze the theoretical knowledge about pregnancy, energy intake and diet during pregnancy. In the second part, the evaluation takes place in the form of a questionnaire survey, when 196 questionnaires were obtained. The questionnaire includes questions on women's awareness and resources, diet, supplements, drinking regime and risky components of the diet. The aim of this work was to find out what needs the pregnant body has, what knowledge pregnant women have, whether they feel sufficiently informed, where they primarily obtain nutrition information and how they then use it. In evaluating the hypotheses, some were confirmed and others refuted. Unfortunately, the hypothesis of whether women are sufficiently informed was refuted, as most women did not feel that way. Another hypothesis regarding the primary use...
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Healthy nutrition and sport during pregnancy
Piklová, Lenka ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Coufalová, Klára (referee)
Pregnancy is a period in a woman's life that fundamentally changes life of hers, of her partner and even of her whole family, because by the delivery a new individual is born. Naturally, the process of its development and growth is carried out via its mother, who usually carries it in her body for nine months, and during this period and even before conception, the individual's development is strongly influenced by mother's lifestyle. Healthy lifestyle, meaning primarily varied and balanced diet and adequate physical activity, can not only prevent countless malformations of the fetus, but also favourably affect the course of pregnancy itself and subsequent mother's rehabilitation after delivery. This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of nutrition and sport on pregnancy and fetal development. It is divided into a theoretical part which summarizes the theoretical knowledge of this issue, and a practical part where research on this topic is elaborated. The theoretical part is divided into three main chapters. The first of them deals with pregnancy itself, i.e. the individual's development, pregnancy changes in the mother's body and parenting in general. The second chapter discusses preconceptual nutrition and nutrition during pregnancy, including energy requirements, individual macronutrients...
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Care of women during termination of pregnancy for congenital developmental defect.
Bukáčková, Daniela ; Školoudová, Markéta (advisor) ; Žižka, Zdeněk (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with prenatal diagnosis, congenital developmental defects and their screening examination and subsequent nursing care of a female patient who has been diagnosed with developmental defects of the fetus. This thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on knowledge about prenatal diagnosis and its importance and subsequent screening examinations, which are part of it. There are the components of ultrasound examinations, biochemical examinations and invasive and non-invasive examinations described in the thesis. This thesis reports on congenital developmental defects at both - chromosomal and morphological - levels. There are causes of the occurrence of these defects, their division and their manifestations described in the thesis. There are also possibilities of termination of pregnancy mentioned in the end of the theoretical part. The second part of the thesis, the practical part, is focused on a case study. There was a female patient of Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic, General Teaching Hospital in Prague, selected to the thesis. The content of the practical part is the development of nursing care which was provided to the female patient. The aim of the thesis was, firstly, to monitor the nursing care which is provided to...
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The position of a pregnant woman in employment relations
Hejzlarová, Anna ; Štefko, Martin (advisor) ; Kotous, Jan (referee)
Pregnancy is significantly protected in labour law and the position of a pregnant woman in employment relations is, therefore, very specific. After the creation of an employment relationship, or a legal relation based on the agreements to work outside the scope of employment, a whole range of protective institutes are in place to ensure a special position of a pregnant worker that is of key importance. The thesis focuses primarily on the position of a pregnant woman during the employment relationship as only there all the protective institutes are present. The introductory parts deal with the reason and importance of the protection of a pregnant worker, its establishment in the Czech legal order and the importance of informing the employer of one's pregnancy. The following parts are dedicated mainly to individual labour law institutes constituting special protection and special working conditions of a pregnant worker during the employment relationship until the commencement of her maternity leave. The last part underlines the differences in the protection of a pregnant woman granted during one of the legal relations based on the agreements to work outside the scope of employment compared to the one granted during the employment relationship. The thesis tries to provide a detailed description and...
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Healthy nutrition and sport during pregnancy
Kavalíková, Aneta ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Teslík, Leoš (referee)
Pregnancy is a one of the most important period in a woman's life that begins with the fusion of female and male sex cells and ends with the miracle of the birth of a new life. During this period woman experiences many physical and psychological changes that are caused mainly by the growth of the fetus. The body of a woman adapts to the new situation and the woman's lifestyle can influence not only the course of pregnancy, but also evolution, health and growth of the fetus. When adhering healthy and varied nutrition, pregnant woman can prevent many congenital developmental defects that could affect the fetus or other diseases that may occur after birth. Sport can improve physical and mental conditions of a pregnant woman and also can harmonize the emerging relationship and bond with the fetus. This bachelor thesis focuses on the influence of nutrition and sports in relation to course and development of pregnancy. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part, summarizes the information about physical and psychological changes during pregnancy. This part also describes general nutritional and sports recommendations for pregnant women. The second, practical part, involves comparing recommendations with the observed reality. It contains the results of examining the knowledge of...
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The lifestyle of pregnancy women
VOLFOVÁ, Veronika
The bachelor thesis is focused on the of pregnant women´s awareness in the field of healthy lifestyle. In the theoretical part there are described individual parts of healthy lifestyle and their problems. It also describes care of the midwife and her education in individual areas of healthy lifestyle. For the research I have used a qualitative method. Data collection was done with using semi-structured interviews with pregnant women who attended pregnancy counseling. The sample was selected from pregnant women who wanted to participate in the bachelor thesis research. The research was made at the turn of February and March 2018. Women's interviews were made anonymously with privacy interest and recorded on a dictaphone after their agreement. The interviews have been carefully handwritten, analyzed and coded. The interview included 11 questions that were supplemented by sub-questions, if it was necessary. Answers were divided into individual categories and then subcategories. There were 7 pregnant women in the research group, with age from 23 to 42. There was only one goal set for this bachelor thesis. It was to find women's awareness of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. Based on this objective, two research questions have been defined. The first research question looked at how the eating habits of women in pregnancy have been changed. The survey showed that almost all women tried to improve their eating habits during their pregnancy. Respondents often reported eating light and healthy food and adding much more fruit and vegetables to the diet. In the meantime, they have been eating regularly and have been interested in from where the food is. Respondents also reported food that they tried to eliminate in their diet. They included fried, fat meals, and sweet or salty snacks. Although respondents were aware of the inappropriateness of these foods, some of them still have consumed something like this because of their pregnancy tastes. Talking about the drinking mode, research shows that all women think they should increase their fluid intake. They mostly drink water, tea or fruit juice. Some women also tried to avoid some fluids, just as they did with food. According to all respondents, coffee is inappropriate, as well as drinks such as Coca-Cola or Kofola. One respondent mentioned that coca-cola was a great help to her during the first trimester of pregnancy sickness. Only three women said they did not change their eating habits. One of them thought that she had the right eating habits even before she was pregnant. Two other respondents did not plan their pregnancies so they did not focus on changing the diet. The second research question was about how women get information about the right lifestyle. The survey revealed that six out of seven respondents get information from the internet. Three respondents mentioned other mums or friends as their source, and only two respondents said that some information had been received from midwives at pre-natal courses. It follows that no respondent was looking for information about a healthy lifestyle in pregnancy from midwife in prenatal care at a gynecologist's office. The information and knowledge gained during the bachelor's thesis may be helpful to midwives in the context of pregnant women's education about a healthy lifestyle during their pregnancy. The result of the bachelor thesis is an informative leaflet focusing on keeping the principles of correct lifestyle in pregnancy.
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The specifics of nursing care in women with preeclampsia
PIKLOVÁ, Žaneta
The bachelor thesis is called Specifics of Midwife Care for a Woman with Preeclampsia. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and research part. The theoretical part is devoted to pregnancy itself and its division into physiological, risky and pathological pregnancy. It also describes morning gestosis, what are it's difficulties it and how it manifests itself. This bachelor thesis also deals with late gestotis, with it'sdefinition and with criterias for it's diagnosis. Subsequently, the theoretical part deals with women with preeclampsia, where preeclampsia is described. Above al lit describes, its etiology, symptoms, risk factors as well as its diagnosis and prevention. In the theoretical part, the care provided by the midwife for a woman with preeclampsia is shown. Also, the theoretical work presents and describes complications that can occur during pregnancy with preeclampsia. The termination of the theoretical work involves the education of a woman with preeclampsia by a midwife, where the definition of education is illustrated and its principles are described. This bachelor's thesis goal is to find out what is included in the specific care of midwives for a woman with preeclampsia. Two research questions have been asked: How do midwife provide care to women with preeclampsia? What are the expectations of pregnant women in provided midwifery care? A qualitative research survey was carried out using deep individual semi-structured interviews. These were conducted with nine pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and with eight midwives. Pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia as well as midwives were informed about the topic before the interview and were explained the purpose of the interview. Pregnant women and midwives have been assured to maintain anonymity and to handle the information obtained in accordance with ethical rights and standards. For the semi-structured interview, prepared questions were planned for both women diagnosed with preeclampsia and midwives. In the course of the interview, the information was continuously written and then anonymized. On the basis of the information obtained, the interview was divided into categories and their subcategories. Three main categories were selected for pregnant women with preeclampsia. The first category carries the Expectation of women, with subcategory Fulfilling Women's Expectations from the Midwife. The second category Women's Knowledge focused on the information received by pregnant women with preeclampsia from midwives or how they searched for information. The third category identified the need for a pregnant women with preeclampsia and whether obstetricians' efforts were obvious to return disrupted needs. Two main categories were selected for midwives. The first category, called Knowledge of Midwives, focuses on whether midwives can describe the symptoms of preeclampsia and its complications. The second category Care Provision focuses on the specific care of midwives for pregnant women with preeclampsia and their needs.
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Quality and quantity of motion activities during pregnancy
OŠMEROVÁ, Lucie
The thesis is aimed at physical activities exercised by pregnant women, for whom the physiological pregnancy is in progress. The theoretical part characterizes physiological, risk and pathologic pregnancy. The pregnancy symptoms, physical and psychological changes connected to pregnancy are also characterized. Next part is based on the importance of physical activities, the impact on a women's health and the impact on an unborn baby. The thesis describes the appropriate physical activities for pregnant, such as walking, swimming, dancing, cycling, yoga, special exercise and so on. Moreover, it mentions inappropriate physical activities, such as downhill skiing, tennis, squash and skating. The thesis also includes the contraindication of physical activities for pregnant. The practical part of the thesis is aimed at finding out preference of physical activities for pregnant, their opportunities to exercise the physical activities nearby and it also explores if the pregnant are informed by their gynaecologist about some appropriate possibilities of exercising physical activities. The quality research was chosen for this thesis. The research survey took place via controlled interviews, which were recorded on a recording device and then the results were transcribed into a written form. The interviewed women were addressed through the centres for pregnant and gynaecologic clinics of South Bohemian Region. The survey took place from the 3rd of March to the 18th of March 2016. The interviews, which were composed of sixteen questions, were provided by sixteen pregnant women. The information from all the respondents was used to create Mind Maps. In total there were eight categories, which show a total of nine Mind Maps. The aim was to explore how the pregnant women perceive the physical activities and what is the awareness of possibilities to exercise physical activities. There were three research questions. First of them was: In what kind of physical activity are the pregnant interested the most? The second question was: What are the possibilities for the pregnant to exercise physical activities nearby? The last question was related to providing some information to pregnant by their gynaecologist: Are the pregnant informed by their gynaecologist about the possibilities to exercise physical activities? According to information from all questioned pregnant women, the most preferred exercise was walking. The exercise for pregnant and yoga are also favourite. Futhermore, the respondents mentioned riding a stationary bicycle, gymnastic ball exercise and agility. As well as this, the pregnant exercise enough and they also think so. The pregnant women also list swimming, yoga, ball exercise, Pilates, running and Nordic walking as some other possibilities to exercise. According to interviews, the pregnant women are not enough informed by their gynaecologists about the possibilities of physical activities. Despite the currency, this issue is still incomprehensible. The survey could be a good source of information mainly for gynaecologists or midwives. The survey could improve providing some information for pregnant women about possibilities of physical activities, which would not endanger both the pregnant and an unborn baby.
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Life during high risk pregnancy from the perspective of a woman.
TŘEBÍNOVÁ, Klára
This bachelor thesis deals with a high risk pregnancy and considers the woman´s point of view. The work is divided into two main parts theoretical and practical. The theoretical part was realized on the basis of literature. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the attention is paid to current situation and definition of pregnancy. This part also defines fertilization, implantation, implantation of the fetus, fetal development, pregnancy diagnosis, pregnancy changes and the role of midwives in prenatal counseling in 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the high risk pregnancy and its risk factors. One particular chapter describes hospitalization of woman in the department for high risk pregnancy that deals with pre-term birth, multiple pregnancies, bleeding during pregnancy, irregular positions of the fetus, disease affecting pregnant woman and midwifery care for women with high risk pregnancy. The theoretical part is concluded by the description of woman´s needs during hospitalization in the department for high risk pregnancy. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to find out if high risk pregnancy affect the needs of women during hospitalization. The research question was: How do high risk pregnancies affect the needs of women during hospitalization? It was used qualitative research and semi-structured interview for the research. The interview served for data collection and contained pre-prepared sets of questions. Interviews took place in the department for high risk pregnancy during the period of March and April 2015. The respondents were a total of ten women hospitalized in the department for high risk pregnancy in the hospital in České Budějovice. Interviews with respondents were held in calm predetermined locations. All respondents agreed to participate in the research, the agreement was carried out in writing, and were familiarized with the fact that all the information is collected for this bachelor thesis. The data was analyzed by coloring the text and creating its categories and subcategories. Direct speech is used to present the results of the interviews that are marked in italics in text. Two categories and subcategories were set. First category is called Information and its aim was to collect information given by women in the department for high risk pregnancy. This category includes the following subcategories: Source of information and Satisfaction of information. These subcategories inform us about sources and satisfaction with the information. Second category is called Needs and is preoccupied with the needs of women. This category includes three subcategories: Physiological Needs, Social Needs and "Psychological Needs" that deal with physiological, social and psychological needs. The research showed that hospitalization of women in the department for high risk pregnancy influenced especially bowel movement, sleep, rest, activity and nutrition. Some respondents were not satisfied with their state of health and with results of examination realized by doctors. On the other hand, the majority of respondents were satisfied with the information provided by midwives. Concerning another subcategory dealing with needs, all respondents said that their contact with friends and family was limited. For this reason, they tried to communicate with mobile phones and computers. In addition, hospitalization also affected their family life as they could not take care of older children and look after the household. Psychological condition was very important during hospitalization. Women felt worried about their state of health and the health of their unborn child. Respondents stated that their biggest psychological support was provided by their partner, husband, family, friends, and also midwives. This bachelor thesis can serve as informational source for midwives who work in the department for high risk pregnancy or as educational text for the public.
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