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Population development and emigration of Maghreb's countries
Vokatá, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development and emigration of Maghreb's countries Abstract The main aim of diploma thesis is to map the migratory situation and trends of all area since 1990 up to the present in context of the population development in region of Maghreb's countries. This all is in connection with the population growth of the states - natural and total. Apart from the analysis of the whole Maghreb as one unit, the demographic parameters are in detail assessed on the example Tunisia. It is estimated that migratory streams of the inhabitants of North Africa's countries are largely directed to Europe. The analasis is focused on the breakdown of the target countries, emigrants and on changes during the reporting period. The analasis uses conventional demographic indicators, its own methods of processing often difficult available data at the same time and empirical investigation. The initial basis of analyzing given issues show the theoretical conception of population development in Arabic countries, with emphasis on demographic transition and dependent migratory transition. Analysis revealed that none of Maghreb's countries has not yet completed demographic transition, the second stage of the demographic transition since 2000 suspended. Keywords: migration, migratory trends, population development, population growth,...
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The Status of Palestinian Refugees and Their Right to Return in International Law
Hanko, Jitka ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee) ; Jílek, Dalibor (referee)
The situation of Palestinian refugees is one of the most burning issues related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Its solution is at the same time one of the key conditions for the settlement of this conflict, whose beginning may be traced back already in connection with the first alija - the first wave of Jewish immigration after the anti - Semitic pogroms in 1881. The importance of this problem is confirmed e.g. by the text of the Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) of 1967, which considers the upright solution for Palestinian refugees as one of the prerequisites for lasting peace in the Middle East. This question has been subject of many peace negotiations between the representatives of the concerned states lately, which only illustrates the high international topicality of the given problem. The aim of the dissertation is to define the term Palestinian refugee in the historic, political and legal context and in this connection to determine the position of Palestinian refugees in international law as an initial point, which is followed by the international law analysis of their right to return. First part of the study therefore will try to make a systematic overview in the extent of the term Palestinian refugee. The second part of the dissertation analyses the right of return in the general level and then...
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Migration and its social construction in approaches of political parties in the Chamber of Deputies in the Czech Republic
Burešová, Zdeňka ; Novotný, Vilém (advisor) ; Jelínková, Marie (referee)
Migration is a phenomenon which has strong impact on the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is currently under transformation from transit country to immigration country. At the present time the situation is even more complicated because of the migrant crises which impact all of us. I suppose that the Members of Parliament will create social constructions or narratives about migrants during the sitting of parliament. I aim to identify social constructions of migrants that are created by the Czech political parties represented in the Chamber of Deputies since the 2013 election. I will divide social construction into two main groups. Ones belong to migrants and the other ones to refugees. I would like to find out if there are more positive or negative social constructions and how are benefits and punishments distributed to these groups. I would like to discover key narratives of particular political negotiation as well. Theoretical background of this thesis is the social construction of target population theory of Anne Schneider and Helen Ingram. In the manner of Lina Newton's article "It is not a question of being anti-immigrant: Categories of deservedness in immigration policy making", I will use a combination of discursive and narrative analysis as the main method. I will analyse statements and...
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Comparison of social and legal situation of unaccompanied minors in the Czech Republic and Austria
Roguľová, Julie ; Pazlarová, Hana (advisor) ; Matoušek, Oldřich (referee)
The theme of the work is to compare social and legal situation of unaccompanied minors (UAMs) from third countries, who find themselves in the territory of the Czech Republic and Austria, and these countries have subsequently provided them care and protection. Work aims to describe the history of the system of care, possible types of residence of these children, conditions of their security and identifying of their age in the two above-mentioned countries. Emphasis is also on the system of care, involving social and legal protection, housing, custody area, education, health care, as well as the search for durable solutions in the area of residence, the family reunification and reintegration. Then, I will try by using analysis to compare what these various aspects of their social and legal situation differ in, what they are identical in or which country better respects the so-called "appropriate procedures of Separated Children in Europe Programme ". I would also like to point out some deficiencies in the system or vice versa examples of good practice in both countries.
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An impact of the qualifying directive upon the position of a refugee in the EU
Stehnová, Aneta ; Scheu, Harald Christian (advisor) ; Honusková, Věra (referee)
An impact of the qualifying directive upon the position of a refugee in the EU - Abstract This thesis deals with an impact of the qualifying directive upon the position of a refugee in the EU. The purpose of the thesis is to analyse partial provisions of the directive1 and to explore their impact upon refugees and people with a status of subsidiary protection. Issues of asylum are being discussed a lot at this time with regard to thousands of people in need of an international protection. The thesis consists of introduction, five chapters and conclusion. The introduction determines subject matter of the thesis and factual situation of asylum in EU. Chapter one is divided into two subchapters. Subchapter one illustrates historical development of Common European Asylum System. Subchapter two outlines legal basis of the directive and it is divided into four parts. Chapter two is the most comprehensive. It explains conditions for an obtaining of refugee status in accordance with the direction. It contents five subchapters. Subchapter one focuses on definition of refugee which features person needs for obtaining refugee status. Subchapter two describes the term "well-founded fear of persecution" which is crucial for the definition. It consists of four parts and each of them deals with the specific aspects of the...
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Intercultural social work on the example of Mongolian clients of the Residential centre Kostelec nad Orlicí
Hampalová, Sylva ; Šiklová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Miklušáková, Marta (referee)
The thesis focuses on specification of intercultural social work, using the example of social service provided by the Residential Centre in Kostelec nad Orlici and the position of Mongolian applicants for international protection. In theoretical part the question of intercultural social work from a perspective of social worker is discussed - philosophical base is stated, scientific findings concerning selected subject are gathered, the situation of Mongolian migrants and the social service is described. Empirical part addresses the client's perception of social service. Using the method of in-depth interviews the research aims to find out how the Mongolian clients understand the social service provided by the Residential Centre Kostelec, whether they claim it useful and whether they see any difficulties in getting use of such service. Some of the insufficiency of provided social service is pointed out and therefore some appropriate arrangements are suggested at the end.
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Definition of a refugee under international law
Burová, Petra ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
Refugee definition in international law The definition of the term "refugee" in international law is a very wide issue which can be conceived from many different points of view. One of the best ways how to deal with it is to focus on only one part of the generally most widely accepted definition of a refugee. This is the definition according to the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. According to this document a refugee is a person who "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country..." This definition is more than fifty years old and still actual. It has been adopted in response to the Second World War and the mass refugee flood. The missing interpretation of the term "persecution", which is the fundamental element of the Geneva Convention refugee definition, is still one of the biggest problems of refugee law. The aim of my thesis is to find out whether the missing definition of the term "persecution" is really such a serious imperfection as it is brought out sometimes. I try to answer this question through researching the...
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Migration crisis 2016 - Analysis of the current and future impact on the economy of the Czech Republic
Strýček, Jakub ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pekárek, Štěpán (referee)
Thesis focuses on quantitative and qualitative analysis of incoming migrants and their human capital. Through this analysis and economic calculations, final fiscal deficit is revealed. Research is conducted by analyzing publicly available statistical data and submitting surveys to ministries and nonprofit organizations. On these data, model is bulit involving broad scope of variables for accurate quantification of any implications of the migration crisis. Main contribution of this thesis is building a model with unique basis of data providing domestic fiscal implications of a European migration crisis.
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A comparative analysis of the Czech and German positions on solving the European migrant crisis in 2015
Szantová, Ivona ; Maslowski, Nicolas (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
The question of increasing immigration and refugee pressure in Europe has become a sensitive political and economic issues, and also subject to ideological conflicts, not only in countries that face this phenomenon most intensively, but also in those member states that are not considered to be typical immigrant states such as the Czech Republic. While during the previous crisis in the eurozone and the Greek debt crisis the division of the EU to the north and south could be observed, migrant crisis in 2015 divided the EU in another way. It is rather excessive compassion of the West on one side and xenophobic attitude of Eastern European countries on the other. Diploma thesis will examine the similarities and differences of opinions on solving the migrant crisis between the two EU member states, which represent these two ideological poles, Germany and the Czech Republic, with the regard to their international legal obligations, obligations of membership in the EU and protection of their own national interests. It will also examine what influences the formation of these opinions and what role can the phenomenon of migration crisis play in the building or a change of state identity.
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Security strategy of the Czech Republic in relation to international migration in cause of instability and regional conflicts in and around the Euro-Atlantic area.
KORČÁKOVÁ, Simona
The theoretical part presents the various international organizations dealing with the security situation in Europe and also the immigration policy of the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. Immigration policy in Germany is included on the grounds that in 2015 it was Germany that has become a country facing the greatest influx of migrants, to the point where the number of registered asylum seekers in the local asylum system exceeded 1 million. Germany, unlike the Czech Republic, has long-term experience in the area of asylum and immigration policy. Moreover, it tries to approach the immigration in a positive way, among others in an effort to fill gaps in the labour market. Germany takes providing assistance to people fleeing war as a moral obligation, and urges other countries to show the same solidarity. As a member state of the European Union and other organizations, the Czech Republic must act according to the rules that international communities enforce, thereby it surrenders, to some extent, its sovereignty when taking the relevant decisions. The aim of present work was to determine threats posed by the acceptance of immigrants and to propose ways to minimize these threats. A secondary aim was to compare the system of refugee reception in the Czech Republic and abroad, particularly in the Land of Bavaria, Germany, that the migration wave in 2015 affected the most of all federal states. In order to obtain the documents necessary to achieve the objectives, we started working with the landlord of an accommodation facility intended for applicants of international protection, in Goldbach (Germany). There we tracked the asylum and integration process of accommodated refugees. To compare the approach in the Czech Republic, we chose the progress and development of the Czech project Generation 21 on the resettlement of Iraqi refugees into the country. Additional information was drawn through lectures and panel discussions with experts on this issue. All the data contributed to answering the research question: whether the strategy of the Czech Republic in terms of receiving refugees has any perspective. The chapter "Results" is devoted to the EU's efforts to create a new, more efficient mechanism that would respond more flexibly than the current system of migration and asylum policy in the EU. In May 2015, the EU submitted to its Member States the "European Programme for Migration", that among others proposed so much publicly discussed mechanism of relocation, resettlement, and hotspot system and return policy. In this case, the work evaluated the proposal, using statistical data obtained from the official databases of the EU, and also thanks to the contribution of Czech experts. In addition, this chapter presents statistical data describing the process of migration waves in 2015, which are interlaced with actual data obtained directly from selected immigrants. The first reference to the applicant for international protection in Germany were foreigners from Iraq and Ethiopia, who, a half a year later, were joined by nationals from Syria. The research at the site showed the real functioning of migration and asylum system. 30 % of all asylum applicants from across the EU headed to Germany. The priority of this country was particularly its asylum policy. The Czech Republic, as a transit country with a share of less than 1% of applicants, focused on the control of illegal migration. This position was one of the factors that led to the failure of the project Generation 21. In the course of the operation this project resettled 89 refugees from Iraq, more than half of whom then renounced the asylum in order to travel to Germany. It is the secondary movement of immigrants that is threatening the existence of the Schengen area and points out the unsatisfactory effectiveness of the mechanisms proposed by the EU.
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