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Evolutionary algorithms
Bortel, Martin ; Karásek, Jan (referee) ; Lambertová, Petra (advisor)
Thesis describes main attributes and principles of Evolutionary and Genetic algorithms. Crossover, mutation and selection are described as well as termination options. There are examples of practical use of evolutionary and genetic algorithms. Optimization of distribution routes using PHP&MySQL and Google Maps API technologies.
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The role of vent genes family in early development and brain development
Fabian, Peter ; Kozmík, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Němec, Pavel (referee) ; Balaštík, Martin (referee)
6 III ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) In chordates, the central nervous system (CNS) is derived from the dorsal part of gastrula. Induced dorsal part of the embryo - the neural plate - gives rise to the neural tube or primordial brain. The developing dorsal part of the embryo is shaped by BMP/Smad signaling from the ventral part. Using the basal chordate amphioxus, we show here the conserved evolutionary role BMP/Smad signaling in axial cell fate determination. Pharmalogical inhibition of BMP/Smad signaling induces dorsalization of Branchiostoma floridae (amphioxus) and Oryzias latipes (medaka) embryos and expansion of neural plate markers. We provide evidence for the presence of the positive regulatory loop within the BMP/Smad signaling network of amphioxus. Thus, our data suggest that early emergence of a positive feedback loop within the BMP/Smad signaling network may represent a crucial molecular event in the evolutionary history of the chordate cell fate determination. The dorso-ventral body axis formation is mediated by genes of the vent family, which are the direct targets of BMP/Smad signaling. The function of vent gene family in early development is relatively well known, however, its role in developing CNS is not yet clear. Therefore, we decided to manipulate vox transcription factor, a vent family member....
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Generation of conditional animal mutants to study gene function in vivo
Herrmannová, Pavlína ; Sedláček, Radislav (advisor) ; Novák, Josef (referee)
Conditional gene targeting allows spatial and temporal control of genetic modifications and is used to study gene functions in specific tissues or cell types. Gene targeting may lead to inactivation of the gene by insertions or deletions. Conditional gene targeting uses various methods for generation of transgenic mutant animals, such as technology of targeted disruption of gene using embryonic stem cells, methodology based on bacterial artificial chromosomes, or a new revolutionary technology of targeted disruption of genes using programmable nucleases, which is rapidly evolving and seems to be more efficient and cheaper method for conditional gene targeting. The aim of this work is to overview methods and technologies for generation conditional animal models, and overview conditional recombination systems with emphasis on inducible systems, and also provides a summary of the main international resources for rodent mutagenesis. Key words: transgenic animal model, gene, targeting, conditional allele
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Genetic polymorphism in the NBS1 gene for diagnosis and treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma
Rataj, Michal ; Beránek, Martin (advisor) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Michal Rataj Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Martin Beránek Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Genetic polymorphism in the NBS1 gene for diagnosis and treatment of patients with cervical carcinoma The aim of this diploma thesis is to find optimal methods for screening of mutation 657del5 and estimate frequency of heterozygotes and homozygotes for the mutation 657del5 in population of the Czech republic. In the first section of the theoretical part is comprehensively pointed out the effect of factors affecting the integrity of genetic information and the formation of mutations in DNA. On the contrary, the second section devotes to the ability of cells to respond to this damage. In detail, the thesis devotes to the NBS1 gene and its product nibrin. In the complex MRE11/Rad50/NBN nibrin is an important member of the mechanisms of repair of double strand breaks NHEJ (non-homologous end joining) and HR (homologous recombination). The thesis is focused on nibrin and its functions, but also to mutations that prevent these functions and causes genetic disease Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Nibrin is translated from the sequence of the NBS1 gene. Gene NBS1 appears in population with several various...
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Changes of the gene concept in the first half of the 20th century
Hájková, Jana ; Neubauer, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Vondrejs, Vladimír (referee) ; Šimůnek, Michal (referee)
This dissertation shows various concepts of the term gene that have appeared since the birth of genetics in 1900 up to the first half of the 50s. It focuses especially on the 40s and the beginning of the 50s. Scientific papers from that period were the main source of information. The author tried to capture not only generally accepted notions about genes and genic action but also those that had not pushed through in those days, nevertheless, that had offered a non- standard point of view which could have later become inspirative for molecular genetics. The work documents searching for links between genes and enzymes or ideas of potential divisibility of the gene. The dissertation assigns a very important role to those phenomena that emphasized the significance of the gene order or the order of genic parts. In Goldschmidt's interpretation of pseudoallelism the author sees the thought that the essence of a gene is its position and considers this the beginnings of "digital" thinking about the gene. The dissertation pays attention to "analogue" thinking about the gene, as well. This thinking took account of molecular shaping and represented a blind alley for the early molecular genetics. The work confirms to a certain extent the Kuhnian vision of the development of scientific disciplines. It finds the...
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The role of genetics in the pathogenesis of \kur{diabetes mellitus}
BRÁZDOVÁ, Sára
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease, which is caused by enrivonmental and genetic factors. This disease is characterised by elevated glucose levels in the blood. Diabetes is divided into two main types. Diabetes type I. is the autoimmune reaction of the organism. It's genetic predisposition is mainly based on the HLA complex II. class. Diabetes type II. is represented by impaired insulin secretion or action. Genetic predisposition of this type is very various.
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Molekulárně-fylogenetická charakteristika izolátu Hymenolepis diminuta udržovaného v laboratorních podmínkáh
ŘEŽÁBKOVÁ, Lucie
The main goal of the present study was to confirm the possibility of cryptic diversity within Hymenolepis diminuta group of tapeworms. We used molecular-fylogenetic analyses for characterization of the intraspecific genetic diversity of five isolates of Hymenolepis diminuta. Further, we wanted to compare our isolate of H. diminuta that is tested for purposes of the helminth therapy with other isolates obtained from collaborative institutions. Our results showed no cryptic diversity within H. diminuta clade of the five isolates and confirmed that our isolate is really H. diminuta previously characterized only based on its morphology.
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Altruism and Culture
Stehlíková, Jana ; Soukup, Martin (advisor) ; Soukup, Václav (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is theoretical analysis of altruism. Altruism is studied on three structural levels of cultural elements in culturology - a level of genus, a level of socio-cultural factors and a level of an individual. The work is focused on altruism in philosophical conception, the view from the viewpoint of cultural anthropology, psychological approach and findings of evolutionary biology and evolutionary social sciences. Altruism is nowadays discussed from the view of natural sciences (evolutionary biology, sociobiology, ethology) as well as from the perspective of social sciences (cultural anthropology, cultural psychology, cultural philosophy). This stands the altruism as a controversial issue in the discussion between the followers of cultural and biological determinism. The integration of the findings about altruism in natural and social sciences is an important condition of interdisciplinary approach and can contribute to culturological synthesis of theories of altruism.
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Pregnancy proteins - molecular biological and biochemical analysis
Muravská, Alexandra ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to establish methods for selected PAPP-A (Pregnancy- Associated Plasma Protein A) gene polymorphisms analysis and to study genetic background of PAPP-A and biochemical background of PAPP-A and PlGF (Placental Growth Factor) in relation to risk pregnancy. Secondly, the aim was to establish method for two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis of amniotic fluid. Methods for analysis of ten PAPP-A gene polymorphisms were established. These polymorphisms, PAPP-A and PlGF levels were studied in together 165 women in third trimester pregnancies complicated with threatening preterm labor (n=98), preeclampsia (n=35), IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction) (n=34) and ICP (Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy) (n=15). 114 healthy pregnant women served as controls. The method for 2D electrophoresis of amniotic fluid was established. Preeclamptic patients had significantly higher frequency of TT genotype of Cys327Cys (C/T) PAPP-A gene polymorphism compared to controls. Patients with ICP had increased serum levels of PAPP-A compared to controls, in patients with threatening preterm labor PAPP-A levels were rather decreased. PlGF levels did not differ from control group in patients with ICP and threatening preterm labor. Positive correlation was found between PAPP-A and PlGF in group of...
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Immunogenetic and hormonal markers of predisposition to systemic rheumatic diseases particularly systemic lupus erythematosus
Fojtíková, Markéta ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Rovenský, Jozef (referee)
Fojtikova 2011 INTRODUCTION: Several factors like genetic susceptibility is required for systemic rheumatic diseases development. Immunomodulatory PRL effect supports autoimmunity. AIMS: 1. To detect the immunogenetic background (alleles HLA class I, II and microsatellite polymorphism of the transmembrane part exon 5 of MIC-A gene) of SLE and PsA. 2. To detect PRL serum and synovial fluid with regard to clinical and laboratory RA activity. 3. To find the role of the functional polymorphism -1149G/T SNP PRL of extrapituitary promoter of PRL gene in SLE, RA, PsA, SSc and inflammatory myopathies development. METHODS: Genetic analyses of pateints with SLE (n=156), RA (n=173), PsA (n=100), SSc (n=75), PM (n=47) a DM (n=68) and 123 healthy individuals: PCR-SSP (HLA clase I and II), PCR-fragment analysis (MIC-A) a PCR-RFLP (-1149 G/T SNP PRL). In 29 RA a 26 OA PRL serum and synovial fluid concentrations were detected using immunoradiometric assay. RESULTS: 1. The allele HLA-DRB1*03 (pc=0.008; OR 2.5) and haplotype HLA-DRB1*03-DQB1*0201 (pc <0.001; OR 4.54) were determined as risk immunogenetic markers for SLE in Czech population. In SLE versus controls allele MIC-A5.1 was increased (pc =0.005; OR 1.88). MIC-A5.1 together with HLA-DRB1*03 increases the risk for SLE development, pc <0.000001; OR 9.71....
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