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Segregated Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Baklová, Eliška ; Chrzová, Barbora (advisor) ; Klípa, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis focuses on segregated education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which occurs at all levels of schools. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a multinational state inhabited by three constitutive nations: Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats. After the war, which ended in 1995, the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed. This agreement has divided Bosnia and Herzegovina into two entities: The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, inhabited mainly by Bosniaks and Croats and The Republic of Srpska, inhabited mainly by Serbs, and the Brčko District, which is governed by entities. Each of these nations perceives their national identity, history and the future of Bosnia and Herzegovina differently. Education plays a major role in shaping national identity because it gives pupils the values of the society in which they live. The thesis focuses on the influence of conflict on education, on the creation of national identity and describes the educational system of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The subject of the research are textbooks and curricula which are different for each of the constitutive nations and which reflect their diverse attitudes to the common history and state system. The thesis deals with their development in years 1995-2019 and observes how their nationally tuned content has changed.
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Return Decisions of Highly Skilled Migrants in Bosnia and Herzegovina after 2005
Andrlová, Anna ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
Brain drain, or human capital flight, is a phenomenon which represents a society-wide problem in the post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). At present, more than half of the people claiming BiH nationality live abroad, out of which a significant part possesses tertiary education. Loss of human capital carries negative socio-economic consequences which hinder the country's development. On the other hand, brain gain, i.e. return of highly skilled migrants to their country of origin, might reverse some of the unfavourable effects. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of the return of highly skilled migrants remains under researched not only within the region of the Western Balkans, but also on a global scale. Although this type of migration has increasingly attracted the attention of many scholars from various academic and non- academic fields, contemporary literature on this topic suffers from limitations and tends to oversimplify the returnees' motivations to purely economic incentives. This study attempts to describe the complex factors leading the highly skilled migrants to return to BiH. Based on the 33 respondents' subjective preferences from the spheres of career, family and lifestyle, this work provides an insight into the decisions of returnees in the context of the developing Western Balkan country.
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War on Terrorism Through the Prism of the US: The Case Study of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Heleta, Nataša ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
The main goal of this paper is to examine the perceptions related to Bosnia and Herzegovina as a country that fosters terrorism. The concepts of radicalization, extremism and terrorism are examined as separate entities in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the confusion of these contexts is particularly harmful, prompting negative attitudes and conclusions. It includes a review of the origins of Jihad in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 1992-1995 war and transformation into the Salafi Movement after it. Some theoretical concepts consider the popular perspective on the Salafi community, relations between the Salafi Community and the Islamic Community the responses of media who propagate both the valid and stereotypical information, the motivations that drive the Salafist community, but also the motives of Bosnia and Herzegovina's society for the exploitation of this community. Other focuses are the changes that take place after the September 11th terrorist attacks, and their effect on Bosnia and Herzegovina are discussed in the context of the fight against terrorism and the re-examination of the intentions of the Salafi communities. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the perception of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a terrorist threat. In addition, the relationship between the Salafi...
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Storytelling and Reconciliation: Shifts in Frames and Discursive Narratives in Listeners of the Initiative "My Story" in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Oberpfalzerová, Hana ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Stojarová, Věra (referee) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
Storytelling and Reconciliation: Shifts in Frames and Discursive Narratives in Listeners of the Initiative "My Story" in Bosnia and Herzegovina Hana Oberpfalzerová Abstract In Bosnia and Herzegovina, two non-governmental organizations have been running the initiative "My Story" within which three war victims, one Bosniak, one Serb and one Croat, tell their wartime stories and their way to reconciliation in public testimonies in a side-by-side, live setting to an audience of young people or ordinary citizens. The aim of the initiative is to promote reconciliation in the listeners. This doctoral dissertation integrates several disparate fields in order to create an analytical framework for inferring attitude shifts from the discursive narratives recalled by the listeners, and from the frames that connect the single narratives to broader societal discourses within these discursive narratives. Three public testimonies were analyzed and interviews with eighteen listeners from the three Bosnian nations were conducted, some of which were interviewed by phone about four months later to check for further attitude changes. The interview material was analyzed inductively by the means of thematic discourse analysis in order to identify the underlying discursive narratives that were then regrouped into dimensions or...
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Impact of ICTY on international criminal law with respect to judgments concerning Bosnian Serbs
Kohoutová, Marie ; Hofmeisterová, Karin (advisor) ; Žíla, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor's thesis focuses on changes in international criminal law after creation of International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The impact on internatinal criminal law examines especially with respect to chosen judgements concerning Bosnian Serbs. For this aim it uses mainly an analysis of primary sources, such as judgements of International criminal tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, its founding documents or Un resolutions, and also an analysis of secondary sources concerning international law and historical context of a conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The conclusion of the thesis is based on an analysis of al the sources with respect to current problematics in the area of international criminal law. The study concludes that ICTY definitely had an impact on further functioning of international criminal law, because it was the first judicial institution after the Nuremberg trials that took place almost fifty years ago. The impact of ICTY can be seen on countless legal definitions that ICTY created or specified and also on giving accuracy to many facts of the cases of crimes under international law.
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The Srebrenica massacre as Dutch national trauma: Discourse analysis of selected daily newspapers
Ratajová, Klára ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
Although more than 23 years have passed since the event known as the Srebrenica massacre, it is still a live topic in Dutch society. The Dutch troops who served on a UN peace mission in Srebrenica have been blamed for not being able to prevent the death of such a large number of innocent people. Moreover, the survivors of the killed Bosnian Muslims are still suing the Netherlands over compensations. The aim of the thesis is to find out who was blamed for the Srebrenica massacre by the Dutch society - the soldiers who served the mission, their commanders, the Netherlands, the international community or other sides involved. To reach the aim, discourse analysis was applied on articles published over a period of ten years in two influential Dutch newspapers - De Volkskrant and NRC Handelsblad. The time period from June 2007 to June 2017 was selected for the analysis as a number of key court cases took place during this particular period. The cases had a major influence on the development of the discourse of blame, which is studied in the thesis in detail. Apart from the analytical part, the thesis also includes a contextual part where historical events leading to the Srebrenica massacre are dealt with as well as the role of the Dutch peacekeepers.
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Extremism-countering security measures in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Room for improvement?
Karabin, Kevin ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Oberpfalzerová, Hana (referee)
1 Abstract This diploma thesis' aim was to find out what are the security measures countering radicalization and extremism in Bosnia-Herzegovina and whether there is any room for improvement. Firstly, the thesis analysed several official documents related to the security of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the relevant reports of the international community, in order to review the concrete security measures and compared them with security measures, which are in effect in other European countries. This allowed the author to draw specific security recommendation for Bosnia-Herzegovina based on the best-practices from abroad. Secondly, this thesis provides the opinions of three experts on Bosnia-Herzegovina and its internal situation. The experts assessed the security situation in the country, identified the areas of security which shall be enhanced and proposed concrete measures, which could elevate the security situation in the country. This thesis's main assumption was that the security measures currently in effect are insufficient and that there is much room for improvement. The analysis of the documents showed that there are many specific security measures, in terms of fighting radicalisation of youth, online radicalisation or religious extremism, which are used abroad, that could be implemented to...
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Neo-Ottomanism and Its Effects in the Western Balkans: The Comparison of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Prestaš, Ivan ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
Bachelor Thesis under the title: "Neo-Ottomanism and Its Effects in the Western Balkans: The Comparison of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina" analyses the attitude of Turkish foreign policy towards Western Balkan states. The aim of the thesis is to analyse the Turkish expansionary foreign policy not only from a military but from an economic point of view. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is dedicated to Turkey and how it has changed its position on the regional and world political scene. The following part deals with the development of both relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey and relations between Serbia and Turkey over the last ten years. The last and most significant chapter analyses the economic aspect of neo-ottomanism. Based on the analysis of Turkish investments in the Western Balkan states and other economic parameters (exports and imports), Turkey has been using soft power to become a major player in this very turbulent region. Using a comparative analysis of two case studies, it was confirmed that Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is one of the most important Turkish partners in the Balkans, is still in the centre of Turkish interest. However, led by recent events which resulted in the opening of the Serbian market to Turkish investors, one can observe...
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The Bosnian Diaspora in Ljubljana
Hanušová, Tereza ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
This thesis aims at the Bosnian diaspora in Ljubljana. The thesis considers three research questions: How do members of the Bosnian diaspora in Ljubljana evaluate their life of the ethnic minority in Slovenia, how do they perceive current events in Bosnia and Herzegovina and whether they are considering their return to the country. To answer questions, the thesis uses the method of qualitative research, namely semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted among members of the Bosnian diaspora aged 18-22. Respondents were not only representatives of the second generation of diaspora, but also young migrants, who came to Slovenia themselves, mostly for the purpose of studies at the university. Theoretical part aims at the context and development in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the past 20 years, emigration from the country and at the theory of the Bosnian diaspora in Slovenia. In the analytical part I am evaluating the research. According to the research, a large proportion of Bosnian migrants experienced some kind of prejudices during their stay in Ljubljana, but they generally agree that the situation in Slovenian society is steadily improving. Most respondents said that they are worried about the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and they agree that only the young generation...
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Therapeutic Heroism: Enacting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among War Veterans in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Klepal, Jaroslav ; Abu Ghosh, Yasar (advisor) ; Muhič Dizdarevič, Selma (referee) ; Hrešanová, Ema (referee)
Based on longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork in Bosnia and Herzegovina I trace ontologies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and their enactments among veterans of the 1992-1995 war. My aim is to problematize and rethink social constructionists' approaches in medical anthropology that discuss war trauma and PTSD in relation to naturalistic models and treat them as constructed realities not determined by the nature of things. I argue that such a standpoint produces a particular epistemological/ontological side-effect: it allows medical anthropologists to craft a purely social ontology of trauma and PTSD by claiming that the realness of these "constructs" is a result of psychiatric discourse, moral economy of contemporary societies or Western (intellectual, political, and medical) hegemony. Considering the ontology of PTSD as an empirical question I analyze the enactments of PTSD in four settings: the ethnographic genre itself, the organization of war veterans with PTSD in the city of Tuzla, the veterans' welfare system in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Bosnian public arena. I argue that PTSD is practiced as a heterogeneous and multiple reality that cannot be situated solely either in the realm of human organism (and explained by naturalistic models) or society and culture (and...
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