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Analysis of STAT 6 gene polymorphism by PCR-RFLP method
VADLEJCHOVÁ, Markéta
This work deals with the issue of allergies, especially food allergies which have a negative impact on the overall quality of life and whose prevalence is constantly increasing in developed countries. Reactions to some food allergens can even be life-threatening. Such allergens include, for example, nuts and peanuts. The development of allergies is influenced not only by environmental factors, but also by the individual genetic makeup of a particular individual. A key regulator of allergic diseases is the human STAT6 gene that is located on chromosome 12. Many polymorphisms have already been identified in this gene, one of which is the G/A SNP at position 2964 located in the 3´-untranslated region (rs324015). To analyze this polymorphism, DNA samples were taken from a total of 25 people from the Czech Republic, 16 of whom suffered from nut or peanut allergies. DNA isolation was performed from these samples and followed by PCR-RFLP. Electrophoresis was then performed, and individual genotypes were determined. DNA sequencing was also performed from some isolates to confirm the results obtained using PCR-RFLP. Genotype A/A was found in 4 %, A/G in 56 % and G/G in 40 % of examined persons; the frequency of alleles was 0.32 for A and 0.68 for G. The frequency of allele G was higher in people who had no allergies to nuts and peanuts.
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Food allergies in infant and toddler age
Stárková, Klára ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; El-Lababidi, Nabil (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of food allergies in infant and toddler age. Theoretical part sums up the newest information about prevelance, which is increasing and food allergies are becoming one of the disease of civilization in 21. century. Next chapter is about the basics of patophysiology and explanation of difference between IgE and non-IgE reactions. Other chapters are focused on diagnostic methods, symptoms and treatment. Next parts deal with the most common food alergens in infant and toddler age, prognosis, risk factors and prevention. The aim of the work was to find out level of parent's knowlodege about the food allergies, what is their main source of the information and incidence of food allergies in children. The select methodology of the work was questionnare survey. The results are that parents don't have enough relevant information about food allergies, they are best informed about recommended lenght of an exclusive breastfeeding and about an appropriate age for an introduction of complementary food. The information are mostly searched on the internet, less from pediatrician. It was also found there is no significant dependency of the quality of information and level of education or allergic load in family. The proportion of children with food allergies was quite high...
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Potravinové alergie u dětí
Wojnarová, Veronika
Bachelor thesis Food allergies in children deals with the issue of food allergies focusing on children in a specific age. The first part is focused on postnatal period of human development and definition of its stages. It describes children nutrition considering each stage. The second part describes the immune system of human body. There are analyzed differences between food allergies and intolerances development. Next are described various types of food intolerance, their mechanism and possible treatment. The last part focuses on the food allergies development. The most common allergen causing food allergies are described here. Also mechanism of food allergy in human organism, symptomes and possible treatment are described. It is also focused on legislation and regulation of food allergens.
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Výživa dětí předškolního věku s důrazem na potravinové alergie
Kocmanová, Adéla
Bachelor thesis „The nutrition of preschool children with a focus on food allergy“ is processed as a literary research. The first half of the work deals with the basics of human nutrition, the intake of nutrients, minerals and vitamins, which are essential for the proper development and keep up human health. The principles of healthy eating should be instilled by children from birth, which is primarily in the interest of parents. Preschool children become independent individuals learning new things easily, therefore this period is very important for learning eating habits. The second half of the work is focused on the development of allergies. It describes food allergies, the most common food allergens, the difference between food intolerance and food allergy, their symptoms, prevention and treatment in more detail.
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Calcium intake in children with cow's milk protein allergy
BÍLKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis deals with the calcium intake in children with cow's milk protein allergy from their diet. As the first aim I chose to inform parents about possibility of deficiency of the calcium intake in children with cow's milk protein allergy. The second aim is to find out the calcium content in the diet of children with this allergy. In the theoretical part of my bachelor thesis I briefly describe food allergy in general then I focuse on cow's milk protein allergy, types of reactions, symptoms, diagnostics and therapy. As the topic of this bachelor thesis is calcium intake in children with cow's milk protein allergy, the next part is devoted to calcium, its importance in human body, absorption, usability and also resources. At the end of theoretical part of this thesis I mention the specifics of nutrition in children with this allergy, such as different labeling of ingredients containing milk protein on food packaging or in composition of dishes, and also possibility of replacing milk and milk products in terms of consistency and taste. In the practical part of this bachelor thesis I cooperate with mothers of children with cow's milk protein allergy who give me one week menu of their children, from which I calculated the calcium intake for each day and also the average weekly calcium intake per day. I also informed these mothers about the possibility of calcium deficiency in their children's diet. Calcium intake approaching the recommended daily intake for a group of children aged 1-3 years occured only in one case. In four cases was the intake of calcium from children's diet lower than 50 % of the recommended daily intake for these children.
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Problematika kojení a vývoje imunitního systému u člověka
SPĚVÁKOVÁ, Markéta
The aim of this work is to evaluate breastfeeding along with the timing of complementary feeding of infants as a possible way of food allergy prevention. The first part of the thesis deals with the human immune system development and the factors which play a crucial role in this problematics. The next part is dedicated to breastfeeding and it describes the composition of breast milk and its immunological importance. The last part deals with the patophysiology of food allergies and food intolerance.
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The prevalence of nutrition intolerance by the adult population
CINEROVÁ, Leona
The Bachelor thesis dealing with the issue of food allergies and intolerance in the adult population. Its divided into theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part the thesis deals with the term food allergy and intolerance as a whole structure. My Bachelor thesis explains their importance, describes their types, manifestations, possibilities of diagnostics and their treatment. The practical part using a questionnaire survey, maps the state of all food allergies and intolerances in the adult population, ascertains their knowledge from the respondents, the most common allergenic foods and their impact on affected individuals and last but not least, the attitude of families to eating habits with regard to allergenic foods. The sample of my 273 respondents showed the fact, that the knowledge of food allergy and nutrition intolerance, is rather below average and may cause food affects to the general public, but almost everyone of the affected people take this problem responsibly.
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Dietetic measures in children with cow's milk intolerance
SOLDÁTOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis focuses on dietary measures for children suffering from intolerance to cow´s milk. This topic is still relevant since there is a continuous increase of children suffering from CMPA or lactose intolerance, and dietary measures serve as the elemental medical treatment. The purpose of the thesis was to become familiar with dietary measures suitable for children who are affected by the illness alongside with symptoms, diagnosis and the course of the intolerance to cow's milk. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical one. The theoretical part describes the proper nutrition for children in the neonatal, infant and toddler age. Futher, it is stated what are the benefits of breastfeeding for both the baby and the mother, and what complications may cause the inability to breastfeed. Futhermore, the thesis describes in detail the composition of breast milk, cow's milk and the distribution of artificial milk. There is also the availability of the artifical milk for the Czech market introduced in the practical part. In addition, there are generally reported adverse reactions to food. In the section of adverse reactions to food I focus mainly on food allergy where I concentrate on CMPA. Simultaneously I focus on food intolerance where I describe lactose intolerance. The qualitative research method was used for the practical part of the work. It was executed with in-depth semi structured interviews with mothers of children suffering from the illness. These interviews consisted of two sets of questions. The first set of questions was aimed to mothers of children with CMPA and the second one to mothers of children with lactose intolerance. The research group contained 5 children from birth to age of 5 from South Bohemia and interviews were held with their mothers. These interviews were conducted anonymously and mothers of the children were identified as respondents no. 1 5. R1, R2 and R3 where mothers of children with CMPA and R4, R5 were mothers of children with lactose intolerance. To find respondents for the research the "snowball" method was used. Based on the goals of the thesis two research questions have been established. The first question dealt with how mothers were familiar with their children's diet and the illness itself. Research also revealed that almost all mothers were not satisfied with the approach of doctors to health problems of their children. Several mothers have even changed doctors. In most cases they searched for detailed information about the illness as well as dietary measures on the internet because the information received from the doctor were insufficient. Finally almost all of them investigated the worsening state of health by themselves serving given food to their children. Using this method the mothers found out whether the given food should have been omitted from the diet. The interviews have shown that all respondents have received at least brief background information from the general practitioner. The second question was, what were the components of diet for children suffering from the illness. In all the interviews, mothers of children with CMPA identically stated that they excluded all of mammalian milk and dairy products from their children's diet. Solely a breastfeeding mother eliminated these food products also from her diet. The research also revealed that all respondents eliminated other potencial allergenic foods from the diet. Two respondents also substituted calcium with tablets in their diet. Mothers of children with lactose intolerance consistently stated that they excluded all food and products that contained lactose from the child's diet and were still looking for what products and foods that could become a part of their child's diet. They also indicated that they had to stop breast-feeding a baby and establish a milk replacement in the form of low lactose artificial milk since their child had had health problems even when exclusive breastfeeding.
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Nutrition in children with chronic skin disease
Tomíšková, Markéta ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
1 Children and chronically ill are two groups of people with specific dietary requirements. Therefore, if the patient falls into both groups at the same time, it can be very difficult to determine a suitable nutritional plan for him/her and to determine the recommended diet. The aim of this thesis is to describe basic specifics and requirements for nutritional care for chronically ill children with skin diseases. In particular, this thesis focuses on the nutrition of children with atopic eczema. In the practical part of the thesis it was investigated how key findings of current research and recommendations of the Czech Paediatric Society are followed in practice and how the education of the patients related to atopic eczema is ensured. The conclusions of research and recommendations of the Czech Paediatric Society on exclusive breastfeeding lasting at least until the end of the 4th month have been respected in the majority of cases (85 %). Recommendations on the introduction of solid food around 6 months of age were also largely observed in the sample of patients studied - solid food was introduced later than in 6 months later in 23% of patients. Recommendations regarding elimination of food limited to proven allergens was mostly not respected. In 86% of patients 3-6 foods were eliminated. In 62% of...
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Food allergies and intolerances - facts and myths
Češková, Blanka ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Šatný, Martin (referee)
Food-related diseases, including food allergies and food intolerances, are on the rise worldwide. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), allergic diseases in the economically advanced countries of the WHO have become the largest child environmental epidemic. Dysregulation of immune tolerance is the basic mechanism involved in the development of food allergy. It is believed that the risk of developing allergies is more related to other lifestyle factors such as a diet, physical activity or obesity. Food allergies in children and adult populations vary both in the spectrum of triggering foods and also their symptoms and their severity. The prognosis also differs in allergies for different types of foods. One of the most important factors affecting the correct development of the baby's immune system is nutrition. In the first 4 - 6 months, the baby should only receive breast milk - for infants it is the most appropriate and allergenically safe diet. It strengthens their immune system. Its positive effect is observed especially on the occurrence of food allergies and atopic eczema. However, developing asthma and other allergies may not be prevented. Breastfeeding has an extraordinary importance and benefits in preventing many illnesses for both the child and the mother. Milk is a major food...
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