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The Importance of Credit Rating and Credit Rating Agencies on the Stability of International Financial Markets
Búry, Jan ; Kalínská, Emílie (advisor) ; Čajka, Radek (referee)
Credit rating agencies judge the creditworthiness of the debtors and debt obligations and the relative probability of their default. Credit rating plays a very important role in the financial markets. It influences the behavior of all participants (investors, debtors and regulators) of the market transactions. The first part of the thesis deals with definition and function of the credit rating. The main controversial points in the activity of the credit rating agencies will be discussed, as well as how the industry is regulated. In the second part it is claimed that the opinions of the credit rating agencies on sovereign bonds (sovereign rating) contribute to the overheating of the economies or to the deeper recession due to procyclicity of the rating. The actual credit rating of the country will be compared with a rating based on a theoretical model designed with publicly available economic data.
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The importance of credit rating and international rating agencies on the stability of global financial markets
Kotková, Jana ; Kalínská, Emílie (advisor) ; Čajka, Radek (referee)
Credit rating agencies (CRAs) play an integral part in today's financial markets. Through ratings they express considered opinion about future creditworthiness of an obligor and thus lower information asymmetry in the capital markets. Recently, CRAs have been brought in the spotlight as they are often blamed for being the triggers of the recent market turmoil. Critics often argue that ratings of tranches of structured finance instruments, backed by subprime mortgages, were unjustifiably high, downgrades were too late and the overall integrity of the rating process was compromised through numerous conflicts of interests CRAs face. However, in this thesis I argue that CRAs were put in this position rather through external factors than their own actions. Massive regulation usage of ratings, rapid growth of structured securities market, overdependence on the rating and the overall ignorance of the meaning of rating itself are the actual causes to blame.
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The current status of the credit rating and credit rating agencies in relation to financial market regulation
Hort, Jan ; Blahová, Naděžda (advisor)
This thesis concerns with the development of regulation of credit rating agencies in the European Union and in the United States of America. It points out the role of credit rating agencies in the US subprime mortgage crisis and also in the European debt crisis. Another part focuses on the major problems of credit rating agencies: conflicts of interest, lack of transparency, limited competition and the quality of rating process. The analytical part is devoted to regulátory approach before and after the financial crisis. The work summarizes the measures taken and evaluates them critically. The last chapter tries to outline other possible solutions that may arise in the near future.
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The Role of Rating Agencies in Assessing Banking Risks
Strelcov, Olga ; Witzany, Jiří (advisor) ; Tuček, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis evaluates the current status of rating agencies and their importance in assessing bank risk. The first part provides an overview of the rating agencies, describes their evolution and role in the financial markets. The second part describes the effectiveness of new regulation of rating agencies and other steps that should increase the efficiency of measures adopted.
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The causes and consequences of mortgage crisis in the USA
Štěrbák, Michal ; Mandel, Martin (advisor)
The theme of this thesis is the mortgage crisis in the United States which has started almost three years ago after the burst of a price bubble in the American residential real estate market. The first part of the work describes the rise and collapse of technology bubble, the securitization process, monetary policy of FED and the role of rating agencies. All of these reasons lead to the current crisis. The second part analyses causes of the crisis in the global view. It focuses on global imbalances and deals with macro aggregate. Special attention is paid to growth of montary aggregate, its strukcture and developing Asian economies after the currency crisis. The last part of the work touches on implications for regulation and supervision in the USA and Europe.
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The Recent Financial Crisis - Causes and Consequences
Šafaříková, Petra ; Jiránková, Martina (advisor) ; Vitík, Matyáš (referee)
This bachelor paper called "The Recent Financial Crisis - Causes and Consequences" defines the concept of a financial crisis, types of a crisis and its examples in the first, theoretical, part. The second section is devoted to the description of this crisis' origins, the development in the United States and the situation in the US mortgage market. Additionally, specific tools of the mortgage market are depicted as well as the function of rating agencies and the regulation of the US financial market. The third part concerns itself with the proliferation of the crisis from the financial market into the real economy and also its diffusion across the whole world. Finally, the crisis' consequences in the EU member countries and the United States of America are compared.
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Economical crisis in the USA 2007-2009
Puzanova, Daria ; Sirůček, Pavel (advisor) ; Džbánková, Zuzana (referee)
This diploma work describes the financial and economical crisis that has emerged in the USA during the year 2007. In the work the preceding recessions and the flow of the current crisis are being analyzed. Attention is also given to a detailed study of the pre-crisis period in the USA economics and the identification of the root causes of the crisis and their interrelationship. The final part of the work is dedicated to the examination of the crisis consequences and the possible ways of its progress
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Finanční krize - sekuritizace a ratingové agentury
Jakoubek, Jiří ; Mandel, Martin (advisor)
The final thesis "Finanční krize -- sekuritizace a ratingové agentury" examines factors that have contributed to the current financial crisis. In the first part, I analyze problems connected with boom of inadequately regulated securitization in last decade. I describe the process of securitization, what was the motivation of banks and investors for using securitization, what made securitization unsuccessful and what problems it caused on the financial market. It the second part, I analyze influence of government-sponsored entities Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on current financial situation. In the third part, I examine the role of rating agencies in this crisis and failure of techniques that they have used for credit rating of structured obligations.
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Trust Preferred Securities
Křížek, Jakub ; Dvořák, Petr (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Jednou z možných odpovědí na vzrůstající kapitálové požadavky může být použití hybridního kapitálu. Hybridy jsou sofistikované a důmyslně strukturované instrumenty, které kombinují základní vlastnosti dluhu i equity. Kvalifikují se jako regulatorní TIER 1 kapitál a zároveň umožňují daňovou odečitatelnost dividendových plateb. Kvůli rostoucímu využívání hybridních instrumentů bankovní regulátoři sestavili řadu kritérií, která musí hybridní kapitál splňovat. Nejčastěji je posuzována jejich permanentnost, flexibilita dividendových plateb a schopnost absopce ztrát. Český regulatorní rámec zatím hybridní instrumenty nezná, ale s novou úpravou kapitálové přiměřenosti lze očekávat změnu v přístupu k tomuto druhu kapitálu. Modelovou aplikací hybridních instrumentů do kapitálové struktury skupiny ČSOB došlo ke zvýšení rentability vlastního kapitálu jak na úrovni skupiny, tak i na úrovni jednotlivých bank.
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Rating, rating market and credit risk
Ďurovec, Marek ; Málek, Jiří (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
V posledních letech dochází ke zvyšování zájmu firem o řízení svých podnikatelských rizik. V řízení rizik vidí nástroj, který jim může pomoct dosáhnout svých cílů bez ohrožení zájmů svých akcionářů. Tato práce se zabývá speciálním produktem - úvěrovým ratigem, který představuje komplexní nástroj vyjadřující úvěrové riziko hodnocených subjektů. V práci je popsáno měření úvěrového rizika a vývoj trhu ratingu od jeho počátků po dnešek. Dále je rating popsán z hlediska jeho charakteru, nabídky a poptávky. V souvislosti s novým doporučením Basilejského výboru pro bankovní dohled, známým jako Basel II se práce věnuje ratingu jako regulatornímu nástroji. První ze tří pilířů tohoto konceptu - minimální kapitálové požadavky, je velice zajímavý pro ratingové agentury, protože doporučuje bankám postupujícím podle tzv. standardizovaného přístupu používat rating při měření úvěrového rizika. Poslední část práce se věnuje významu Basel II pro ratingové agentury a některým cyklickým aspektům ratingu.
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