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Criminal liability in public procurements
Richter, Martin ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee) ; Kalvodová, Věra (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Criminal liability in public procurements The thesis deals with the criminal liability in public procurements. Public procurement is a very complex and organized activity, the criminal assessment of which, however, cannot reliably lead to satisfactory results on the basis of existing doctrine. The primary goal of this work is therefore to identify the roles and extent of criminal liability of individual actors in the decision- making process of public administration and on this basis to analyze which type of negotiations concerning public procurement may be punished under a special part of the Criminal Code. The importance of effective prosecution of criminal offenses relating to public procurement results from the fact that amount of funds in public procurement correspond to tenth of gross domestic product. For easier orientation of the reader, a formal structure was chosen so that, as far as possible, it comes as close as possible to the standard criminal law teaching on elements of a crime. Specifically, the chapters are divided into actions in public administration, its criminal relevance, the consequence in public administration, the subject, the subjective aspect, circumstances precluding illegality and finally to crimes related to public procurement. From the material point of view, the...
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Criminal aspects of assisted reproduction
Škurlová, Dagmar ; Sovová, Olga (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
Criminal aspects of assisted reproduction Abstract The work deals with one of the most dynamically developing medical disciplines - assisted reproduction, the introduction and development of their technologies are considered one of the greatest advances in medicine in the 20th century. The purpose of this thesis is to provide the consistent overview of criminal law relations which may arise within providing assisted reproduction and to analyze the individual facts of crimes related to assisted reproduction, which should verify whether their wording provides sufficient protection for relations, interests and values covered by the Criminal Code. The thesis is composed of six chapters. The first chapter presents the fields of criminal law and medical law and examines the relationship between criminal law and health care system. The second chapter lists the conditions of criminal liability of natural and legal persons and lists the ground establishing the absence of criminal liability. The third chapter defines the concept of assisted reproduction, characterizes its methods, provides a historical overview of events that preceded the current interpretation of the concept. The third chapter also provides an overview of the principles that apply in this field of medicine and a list of sources governing the issue....
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Criminal liability of health-care providers
Miřejovská, Martina ; Sovová, Olga (advisor) ; Císařová, Dagmar (referee)
Criminal liability of health-care providers Abstract This diploma thesis focuses on the criminal liability of the health-care providers. Its main objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental issues, such as who can be a provider, what is the definition of healthcare services and what are the possible conditions of criminal liability. Another aim is to provide an overview of selected offenses that can be committed in connection with providing healthcare services and summary of the relevant legislation in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and in the Federal Republic of Germany. In this thesis, I mostly use the methods of description, analysis and comparison. The thesis is divided into six chapters, which follow a logical order. The first chapter explains the key concepts. Specifically, it is the definition of healthcare services, facilities and providers, lege artis procedure, informed consent and criminal liability. The second chapter focus on the criminal liability of natural persons, on the definition of a criminal offence and also the relevant circumstances excluding liability from the provision of healthcare point of view. The third chapter deals with the criminal liability of legal persons and their possible exculpation. The fourth chapter analyses selected...
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Sanctioning of legal entities
Gvozdek, Filip ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee) ; Fenyk, Jaroslav (referee)
Abstraktv anglickém jazyce The subject matter and aim of this thesis is to analyse the positive criminal law regulation of sanctioning of legal entities in the light of the Act No. 418/2011 Coll., Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and Proceedings Against Them (hereinafter as "the Act"), its critical assessment and possible de lege ferenda suggestions. As a result, this thesis can be perceived as a comprehensive assessment of issues related to sanctioning of legal entities in the Czech Republic. The dissertation thesis is divided into eleven parts. The first part takes into account the international legal aspects of corporate liability, the concept of criminal liability of legal entities, arguments for and against the adoption of the Act and the legislative process leading to the adoption of the Act. Issues related to sanctioning of legal entities are dealt with in parts 2 to 11, which at the beginning discuss the basic terms of sanctioning, then analyse individual punishments and protective measures which can be imposed on legal entities, then also analyse abandonment of punishment, enforcement of punishments and effacement of conviction. Particularly interesting is the eighth part, which in addition to the treatise on the Criminal Register contains statistical overviews of the current application...
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Selected issues of criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic and in the Federal Republic of Germany
Kučerová, Kateřina ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
Selected issues of criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic and in the Federal Republic of Germany Abstract In this diploma thesis, the author deals with the issue of criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic and in the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim of the thesis is to define certain key issues of the legal regulation of criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic and within them to analyze controversial points, including the proposal of possible options of de lege ferenda solutions. In this context, the thesis is also focused on a comprehensive treatise on the legal regulation of tortious liability of legal persons in the Federal Republic of Germany. The work consists of three chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the general definition of criminal liability of legal persons and its basic concepts, the historical development of criminal liability of legal persons within continental and Anglo-Saxon legal culture and international legal obligations of the Czech Republic arising from international treaties and European Union legislation. The second chapter focuses on the substantive legal regulation of criminal liability of legal persons in the Czech Republic, specifically on its basic characteristics, the scope of Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on criminal...
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Criminal Law Instruments of Environmental Protection
Fabšíková, Tereza ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee) ; Tomoszková, Veronika (referee)
Criminal Law Instruments of Environmental Protection The dissertation deals with the possibilities of criminal law in relation to the protection of the environment. It presents the analysis of the most significant instruments of criminal law from the sphere of the international, European and Czech law, particularly the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, the Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on the protection of the environment through criminal law, and the Czech Criminal Code (Act No 40/2009 Coll.) Apart from the analysis of the most important legal norms and the subsequent formation of proposals de lege ferenda, the dissertation is concerned with the characteristics of environmental crime and the specifics of criminal law in environmental protection. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. The first chapter deals with the issue of the role of criminal law in environmental protection and the peculiarities of creation criminal rules in this area. The second chapter concentrates on the characteristics of environmental crime and the description of its specific features. The third chapter refers to the current state of the international criminal law and the possibilities of environmental protection through international criminal law...
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The End of Writer's Career: Urban Folklore Which Breaks the Law
Mejstříková, Dorotea ; Večerka, Kazimír (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
Graffiti is a game in which heroic courage and great tension are applied. It is an unusual and risky activity beyond the law, associated with dangerous and illegal intrusion into the secured areas of the underground metro system or climbing the roofs of buildings and high walls. All this means for the writer to write his name on the wall and reap the recognition of his colleagues from the subculture for it. The work looks at graffiti from the perspective of their representatives. Its aim is to answer the question whether the writer's motives to remain in the graffiti subculture change over time, how the writers perceive the sanctions of their surroundings, and whether the sanctions of the institutions affect the end of the writer's career. Data collection will take place through semi-structured interviews with respondents from the graffiti environment, participatory observation and qualitative content analysis of printed materials and websites, used for the exchange of information, especially between active members of the subculture. Keywords Graffiti, subculture, art, vandalism, subcultural career, criminal liability, social sanctions Title The End of Writer's Career: Urban Folklore Which Breaks the Law.
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Criminal liability of artificial intelligence
Racek, Libor ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
1 Criminal liability of artificial intellingence Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate the possible criminal liability of artificial intelligence for its socially harmful unlawful conduct and if artificial intelligence cannot be criminal liable then evaluate criminal liability of persons for the unlawful acts of artificial intelligence, and also to assess whether it is necessary to change laws so that we can use in such situations the ultima ratio principle (criminal law). The first chapter deals with the concept of artificial intelligence. At the beginning of this chapter I deal with the definition of artificial intelligence from a technical point of view and I also deal with the most important points of its historical development. Then I analyze artificial intelligence from the perspective of the Czech legal order. First, I do so in connection with private law (specifically with civil law, respectively mainly with copyright) and then with public law (specifically with criminal law). The second chapter aims to introduce the concept of criminal liability as an institute of Czech law. I focus here on the individual components of criminal liability and its legal requirements, but not in an exhaustive way, but only to the extent that it is necessary to fulfill the topic of the thesis and to...
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Sanctioning of legal persons
Karnet, Vojtěch ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
Sanctioning of legal persons Abstract The criminal liability of legal persons was introduced into the legal system of Czech republic by the Act no. 418/2011 Coll., Act on Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and Proceedings against them which came into effect on the 1st of January 2012. It is a problematic that was highly debated even before the respective law was created and its introduction into the legal system was closely followed by most of our experts in the field of criminal law. We can still see a big interest in how this problematic functions to this day, more than 8 years after its adoption. This interest became the main motivation for the creation of this thesis. This thesis focuses mainly on the 3rd part of the above stated Act which means it concetrates on the individual sanctions applicable in relation to legal persons and how they are being used in the decision-making process of the courts of Czech republic. The demonstrate these outcomes a statistic of sanctions applied against legal persons was created. This statistic then serves as a basis for authors conclusions in relation to individual sanctoins as well as a more complex conclusions regarding the whole problematic of sanctioning of legal persons in Czech republic. There were many sources used in order to create this thesis such as...
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Criminal Liability of Legal Persons
Keltnerová, Lucie ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Criminal liability of legal entities In the presented thesis the author deals with the topic of criminal liability of legal entities. Considering the complexity and extensiveness of this topic this thesis is only focused on the substantive law regulating this area and so it does not deal with the criminal sanctioning of legal entities or the criminal proceedings against them. The author aims to explore the criminal liability of legal entities starting from the basic questions of possible ways to even sanction legal entities for unlawful conduct to the questions of the current law in force, its problems and the possible solutions of these problems. The first part of this thesis addresses the ways in which it is possible to sanction a legal entity for unlawful behaviour, it compares these ways and considers which of these ways is the most suitable for the situation in the Czech Republic. The second part of the thesis provides in its first chapter a closer look at the historical development of law regulating the criminal liability of legal entities in the Czech Republic starting from the year 2000 until today, or rather until 2016, when the Act No. 183/2016 coll. was passed. This act brought some significant changes to the law that was in force at that time. The second and third chapter of this part...
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