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Green and blue infrastructure: means of reducing surface temperatures in the urban environment
SEDLÁČEK, Jan
Climate change may accelerate the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect with many consequences for the well-being of human populations in cities. Green and blue infrastructures (GBI) are presented as a way to mitigate the UHI effect. In our study, the influence of GBI (primarily less studied types) on surface temperature (ST) was tested using a thermal camera. Various types of GBI (e. g. tree shade and lawn) and their combination were compared.
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Interdisciplinary relations biology - geography - physics in the education of the topic of plants role in water cycle in the landscape from the point of view of pre-service biology teachers
RAJTMAJEROVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor's thesis deals with interdisciplinary relationships between biology, geography and physics in teaching the role of vegetation in the water cycle in the landscape at primary school. The aim of the thesis was to illuminate interdisciplinary relationships in teaching this topic and to find out the opinions of students of geography teaching. The theoretical part mentions the role of vegetation in the water cycle in the landscape and also defines the term interdisciplinary relationships and their classification within science subjects. This thesis contains an analysis of textbooks of geography and biology focused on interdisciplinary relationships related to vegetation and the water cycle in nature. The focus of the thesis is a questionnaire survey, which monitors the knowledge and opinions of students of the Faculty of Education and also future teachers at primary school. The results bring the differences between natural sciences and social sciences.
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Tepelný ostrov města - analýza stavu a možnosti zlepšení
CHVOJKOVÁ, Aneta
Increasing surface temperature in urban environments along with the creation of heat islands is one of the most visible phenomena of a worsening climate in general. This phenomenon is inherently linked to the increasing rate of urbanisation and urban development. Heat islands in cities are formed by an accumulation of high surface temperatures and differ significantly from areas in their rural surroundings. The surface temperature depends on several factors. These include, including but not limited to, colour, permeability or material of the surface, as well as the presence of vegetation in the given area or the layout of the streets. Anthropogenic activity caused by fossil fuel combustion or transport also has a significant impact on the temperature in urban environments. One of the most efficient tools to reduce the rise in temperatures is in particular high-quality vegetation and water retention in urban environments and the landscape in general. The area of interest of this work, which deals with the topic described above, is Kardašova Řečice with twelve determined locations. Using satellite data analysis, problematic areas in terms of surface temperature and several smaller heat islands were identified. The results of the spectral vegetation indices analysis showed a mutual correlation between the surface temperature and the presence of vegetation, which was analysed by NDVI and NDMI spectral vegetation indices data. The highest temperatures and the lowest surface humidity were found in areas with the least vegetation (greenery). The situation was the opposite in areas with sufficient vegetation cover and water for evapotranspiration. Since vegetation has been proved to have a significant positive impact on reducing the surface temperature in urban environments, a strategy was suggested to improve the urban living conditions by implementing a suitably selected green and green-blue infrastructure.
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Botanical survey of the open part of the Hučina stream floodplain (Černý Kříž, Šumava) six years after a hydrological restoration
PECHAČOVÁ, Johana
This study deals with vegetation monitoring in the floodplain of the Hučina stream (Černý Kříž, the Šumava National Park), six year after the stream restoration. Monitoring was performed on permanent plots along three transects laid across the floodplain. The mapping of vegetation was made using phytocenological relevés, I identified the species richness, frequency, and cover of particular ecological groups of plants. Also the groundwater level was measured. The results are compared with those of Lazárková (2012), obtained before the restoration, and those of Stachová (2015), gained one year after the restoration.
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The role of vegetation in the solar energy distribution and the water cycle in the landscape - an impact of inquiry based education on pupils understanding
BRČÁKOVÁ, Tereza
This article brings the results of the survey aimed on the impact of inquiry based education on the students' knowledge of the role of vegetation in the solar energy distribution and the water cycle in the landscape, which was realized at four schools. The introduction presented the issue of the role of vegetation in the solar energy distribution and the water cycle in the landscape. Further, the bachelor thesis presents problems of inquiry based education, and also implementation of inquiry based science education on this theme in elementary schools education and grammar schools education relating to didactic textbooks. The outcome of the thesis brings the results of the survey made by pretest and posttest forms. From the data collected follows that inquiry based education increases the pupils' knowledge of this topic. Knowledge regarding distribution solar energy by plants is important for understanding water cycle in landscape and evidence based water economy, which can reduce losses of water in a local measure and mitigate subsequent drought.
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Vliv vegetace na teplotní režim městského prostředí
SEDLÁČEK, Jan
This thesis is aimed at the influence of vegetation on temperature in urban areas. In order to research this influence, a thermal camera was used to measure surface temperature in a number of places in České Budějovice. The results show that vegetation not only reduces thermal amplitudes, but also influences the temperature of surrounding surfaces (up to a few metres). Lower temperatures compared with conventional surfaces were reached during the summer days not only by trees, but also by less common green structures, such as ornamental plants or a green roof and wall. According to the results, some suggestions were brought in order to increase the effectivity of green infrastructure and to reduce the Urban Heat Island effect.
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Analysis of tundra vegetation developement using a time series of ortoimages in the Krkonoše Mountains
Pajmová, Petra ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Potůčková, Markéta (referee)
Analysis of tundra vegetation developement using a time series of ortoimages in the Krkonoše Mountains Abstract The aim of this study is to analyse changes in arctic-alpine tundra vegetation in the Krkonoše Mountains using archival and current aerial imagery with red, green and blue bands and spatial resolution of 0.5 m. Three small areas of interest (cca 100 100 m) with different types of vegetation and a one larger area of the eastern tundra were studied. Several classification methods (Maximum likelihood classification, Random forest and object-based classification) were tested to obtain the best classification results. For more detailed analysis of grass species development, unsupervised classification and extended time series (5 orthoimages) were used for the area of Bílá louka. Classification were executed in softwares ENVI 5.5 and R 4.2.1. The highest overall accuracy of the 2020 image classifications were over 70% in all study areas, in some cases over 80%. With the exception of the Luční hora area (58%), the best overall accuracies for 2004 image were above 65%. After comparing classification results between years 2004 and 2020, a possible development trend was revealed. But due to low accuracy of the 2004 data classifications, this cannot be reliably demonstrated. Key words: classification,...
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Assessment of the impact of wind calamity from November 19, 2004 on the nature of the High Tatra Mountains
Vosátková, Veronika ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this study is to bring a light into the situation of wind calamity which happened 19.11.2004. After the physicographical analysis of this locality, I will try to bring the whole picture of this catastrophe, its causes and mostly consequences left on the tatra nature. I will pay special attention to regeneration of the country and following steps in dealing with this calamity because of two different opinions on the picture of Tatras. Finally, I will discuss future progress in Tatra mountains and i will try to answer the question, whether was a worse catastrophe a wind calamity or human intervention in this locality afterwards.
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