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Importance of Insects to Humans and their Use in School Education
Farionová, Jana ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis describes insects (class insecta) as an important group of organisms living in almost all ecosystems. It investigates the importance of insects for humans not only from a human point of view. First part focuses on the positive impact of insects for humans and their use in many areas of human life, such as agriculture, insect products, forensic entomology, medicine and others. The following part focuses on insect pests, parasites and synanthropic species a human being can encounter during one's life. Next parts describe the possibilities of including insects in lessons at schools; a content analysis of textbooks for elementary schools and high schools from the viewpoint of benefits of insects for humans; and a questionnaire survey of popularity of insects, their breeding and entomophagy focused on pupils of elementary schools. KEYWORDS insects, importance of insects, useful insects, insect pests, insect parasites, types of insects, textbook
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Causes of bee loss (Anthophila) in the landscape
Bureš, Vít ; Straka, Jakub (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
Bees (Anthophila) are one of the most important pollinators in the majority of Earth's biotopes. They interact with almost one-fifth of flowering plants and together with other pollinators they secure one- third of human food sources. Since the end of World war II,along-term decrease in numbers of bees and other insects is observed due to degradation of natural habitats, expansion of agriculture, pesticide usage, parasites, and infections. In North America and Europe, several studies reported a significant loss of bee diversity and abundance. The situation in tropics is unclear and there is not enough evidence if bees are threatened there. Specific changes in relation to the decrease of the bee population are observed in the case of honey bee (Apis mellifera). Due to human beekeeping activities and specific honey bee attributes such as bigger body size or tolerance to lower temperature, honey bees show different trends in their abundance than other bees. This study discusses the causes of these losses and possible future consequences, for example, the collapse of ecosystems as a result of pollination crisis or lack of human food. On the other hand, several phenomena such as extensive agriculture, green cities, or wildfires have a positive impact on bee abundance and diversity. This thesis presents...
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Methodological problems of the analyses of insect decline
Chlup, Petr ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
In recent years, several studies reporting a severe decline of insect populations across several continents turned the spotlight on the problem of insect decline. However, the reported declining parameters may vary, and it is necessary to differentiate between declines in biomass, abundance, diversity, or geographical range reduction. This thesis aims to summarize how the conclusions about insect decline are shaped by the methods researchers use, especially by the variables they measure, emphasizing the potential methodological issues and limitations of the various facets of insect decline. Furthermore, we offer a brief digest of the most relevant potential biases and interpretative risks threatening population monitoring surveys. The review also provides concise insight into the state of knowledge on the matter of insect population trends. Keywords: insects, insect decline, insect population trends, methodology, methodological issues
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Změny taxocenóz modelové skupiny hmyzu v lesních ekosystémech v oblasti Žďárských vrchů
Hartman, Tomáš
In 2015 was realized the picking of insect group Psocoptera in the research localities of CHKO Žďárské hills. The main purpose was determination of influence of the vegetative steps and changes in the taxocenoses of Psocoptera. The most frequent species were Caecilius burmeisteri a Stenopsocus lachlani. Total number of species were 2199 from 19 places. There were caught 27 species from 100 species in the Czech Republic. Dominant representation refers to majority occurrence of spruce in Žďárské hills. All research localities belong to the 5. vegetative degree.
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Návrh dřevěné fasády na rodinný dům
Trdá, Michaela
This work deals with design of wooden facade for a family house. In theoretictal part of work focuses primarily on diagnostics of problematice current wooden facades systems. Gradually is explained which kinds of wood are appropriate or inaproppriate for installation to exteriers what are essential rules in the realization of the facade and which way you can protect wood from external atmospheric influences. Theoretical section also includes design of three wooden facades of different trees. Practical part deals with designing and implementation of one wooden facade of the proposals. Drawing Documentation and justification why this type of facade was chosen are attached.
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Dopad intenzity hospodaření na přirozené predátory škůdců ovocných dřevin
Surovcová, Martina
Capture of studied organisms was conducted from April to September in 2016, from two representative areas, bio gardens and intensive orchards. All areas are in the district of Vsetín (region of Zlín). Apple trees, pear trees, cherry trees, plum trees were shaken in organic orchards. In intensive orchards were shaken only plum trees. At each site, 10 suitable tree species were chosen as representative, where insects and spiders were shaken. 875 specimens were collected. The largest group in six orchards systems was spiders, which was found 683 specimens. The most frequent group was Philodromus sp., Philodromus albidus, Philodromus dispar, Philodromus cespitum, Nigma flavescens, Phylloneta impressa, Nuctenea umbratica, Anyphaena accentuata. The useful insect in the studied material was 192 specimens. The largest number of spiders were in ecological orchards, with a total of 470 specimens collected, useful organisms were collected in number of 106 specimens, from which the largest number was from the family Coccinellidae 54 specimens. In addition, about 30 specimens were collected from the family Formicidae and Anthrocoridae. In intensive orchards the spider abundance was lower 214 specimens were collected. Useful organisms the appeared in smaller numbers and were collected 86 specimens. The most numerous families were Coccinellidae (38 specimens). It can be concluded from the results that in organic orchards with a heterogeneous tree species, species diversity is much higher than in more intensive crops, where species diversity and abundance have a decreasing tendency with a significantly weaker overall diversity of natural antagonists. The results of this research applied on fruit trees in orchards can also be related to parks, gardens, or arboretums and other public greenery, because in these biotopes there is generally a considerable species diversity of spiders and antagonists of the class of insects, which is, however, prone to various interventions and intensity economy. This may impair their functional significance in terms of biological control of pests.
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Evolutionary history, systematics and biogeography of Southern Hemisphere hydrophilid beetles (Coleoptera)
Seidel, Matthias ; Fikáček, Martin (advisor) ; Gomez-Zurita, Jesus (referee) ; Gimmel, Matthew L. (referee)
The research presented in my PhD thesis consists of phylogenetic, biogeographic, taxonomic and ecological research of Southern Hemisphere water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) with a special emphasis on New Zealand. The introductory chapter provides a brief outline on the break-up of Gondwana and geological processes that shaped New Zealand and its fauna. Furthermore, the diversity of New Zealand Hydrophilidae and worldwide diversity of the hydrophilid subfamily Cylominae and its taxonomic history are illustrated. The scientific part of the thesis contains 4 published papers and 2 manuscripts. The first study recalibrates the Coleoptera time tree, providing new age estimates for the Hydrophiloidea, among others. The new age estimate is implemented in the second study, a phylogenetic study that reconstructs the biogeography of the 'Gondwanan' Cylominae beetles. The Cylominae, whose name was reinstated through nomenclatural priority over Rygmodinae in a separate paper, are found to consist of two tribes, Andotypini and Cylomini. The disjunct distribution of Cylominae is shown to be partly the result of vicariance and partly of long-distance oversea dispersal. The most remarkable long-distance dispersal is that of the only African representative of the subfamily which reached Africa from...
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Methods in research of insects mobility
Jor, Tomáš ; Hadrava, Jiří (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
Mobility is one of the basics characteristics of the insects populations. This bachelor thesis presents a compendium of methods used in research of insects mobility. In the first part are described methods of marking individuals utilized for Mark-Recapture studies aiming to study insects movements. First are presented the indirect methods of individuals tracking, further the methods of direct tracking of insects using a radio-telemetry are described. In the second part the thesis focused on modeling of insects mobility using dispersion functions with connection to metapopulation dynamics and a dispersion itself. Difusion model based methods and simpler estimates of movemensts are also presented in this part. Key words: Insects, Mobility, Mark-Recapture, Modeling
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Stable isotopes and the study of insects ecology
Javůrková, Jaroslava ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
Animal foraging ecology is an important part in the puzzle ecosystem relationships. This bachelor thesis presents review in the field of food ecology, especially insects. It focuses on the method of analysis of stable isotopes, which is one of the current and in recent decades a modern approach for studying this issue. Stable isotope analysis is compared with other frequently used methods for animal food ecology. The aim of this work is to introduce this method and its possible use in the study of insect food ecology. The first part provides the necessary theoretical background, practical application in laboratory and then it deals with the problems typically adressed by this method. Key words: stable isotopes, stable isotopes analysis, food ecology, food preferences, insects
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