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Specifics of nutrition and physical activities during puerperium and breastfeeding
Piklová, Lenka ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Tomešová, Jitka (referee)
This thesis deals with the nutritional and physical activity issues during puerperium and breastfeeding period. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to provide a comprehensive overview on this topic; therefore it contains chapters on physiological changes of woman's body after childbirth (including metabolic changes), breastfeeding, breast milk and it also briefly touches the nutrition of the child. The chapter on women's nutrition covers energy intake, macro and micronutrients, drinking regimen, postpartum weight development and reduction, and several myths in the nutrition of breastfeeding women. The last two chapters are physical activity recommendations depending on several significant postpartum milestones and rest and sleep. The practical part consists of quantitative research and a booklet. The aim of the research was to determine the percentage of breastfeeding women and the length of the breastfeeding period, the prevalence of allergies in children and their impact on the mother's diet and awareness of the dietary modifications, the nature of breastfeeding mothers' diets, awareness of the specifics of nutrition and exercise during breastfeeding, the prevalence of myths regarding breastfeeding women's diets, and method and time period of...
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Physiological prerequisites for breastfeeding preterm neonates
Dvořáková, Martina ; Zlatohlávková, Blanka (advisor) ; Burianová, Iva (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the physiological prerequisites of breastfeeding in premature newborns. Breastfeeding premature infants presents significant challenges due to physiological, neurological, and developmental limitations that affect their ability to suck, swallow and breathe effectively. My main aim was to determine when infants admitted to the intensive care unit and intermediate care unit reach breastfeeding milestones. Important milestones observed include first nonnutritive sucking, first nutritive sucking and archieving full oral intake. I also investigated the type of nutrition with which infants are discharged from hospital. My thesis was divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part I discuss the importance of breast milk and breastfeeding for premature infants, the development of sucking, the development of swallowing, and the development of breathing. I also address the coordination of sucking, swallowing and breathing. I also address the transition from tube feeding to oral nutrition. I described the work of a lactation consultant. In the practical part I have processed data of 26 hospitalized preterm infants. These infants archieved on average the first nonnutritive suck at 31+4 GA (range of values 30+0 to 33+5). The infants managed the first...
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Proper handling of infant nutrition in hospital facilities
Čadová, Nikol ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with issues related to the manipulation of infant nutrition in healthcare facilities. The theoretical part of this work deals with breast milk, infant formula and its specifics, administration of infant diet, as well as manipulation of infant nutrition in pediatric wards and in the dairy kitchen. The aim of the empirical part of this work was to verify the knowledge of nurses through a research survey and to identify possible differences in the manipulation of infant nutrition in different workplaces. A quantitative research method was chosen to obtain data using a self- constructed questionnaire containing 26 questions. Out of the original 130 distributed questionnaires, a total of 74 were analysed, with 3 excluded due to incompleteness, resulting in a response rate of 59.2%. The results of the research survey showed that the knowledge and practices of nurses in manipulating infant nutrition are not uniform. The most significant statistically significant difference in respondents' answers was related to the workplace where they are employed. No statistically significant difference was found in respondents' answers in relation to their education. In conclusion, it is necessary to mention that the research survey revealed some shortcomings in respondents' knowledge and...
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Evaluation of breast milk production in relation to body composition in Czech lactating women.
Bugošová, Andrea ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of breast milk in relation to the body composition of Czech breastfeeding women and to compare the results to similar studies. Six breastfeeding women participated in this specific part of the longitudinal study, undergoing 4 examinations during a 9-month lactation period. Anthropometric methods were used to measure basic body parameters. Furthermore, body composition was assessed using dual bioimpedance analysis with a digital scale and spectroscopic bioimpedance analysis using the Body Composition Monitor device. According to Friedman's nonparametric paired test, statistically significant differences between the examined periods were found in BMI values (p = 0.029), BSA (p = 0.019), waist circumference (p = 0.048) and hip circumference (p = 0.031). These values fall below the significance level of 0.05. According to Spearman's correlation, breast milk production positively correlated with pre-pregnancy weight (p = 0.003, r = 0.817), pre-pregnancy BMI (p = 0.002, r = 0.847), pregnancy weight (p = 0.044, r = 0.624), bone mass measured by BIA (p = 0.020, r = 0.697), basal metabolism measured by BIA (p = 0.028, r = 0.670), FM mass measured by BIA (p = 0.034, r = 0.651), chest circumference (p = 0.003, r = 0.825), waist circumference (p = 0.025, r =...
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Education of mothers about breastfeeding at the general practitioner for children and adolescents.
BEŇOVÁ, Aneta
Introduction: This bachelor's thesis is concerned with maternal breastfeeding education in a general practitioner for children and adolescents. Breast milk is the most natural food for the baby if the mother has a proper lifestyle. It also contains all the essential vitamins, nutrients and minerals that a baby needs for healthy development. Breastfeeding is a complex process and mothers are discharged to the home environment very early, thus there is little time for education during hospitalization. After discharge from the hospital, the educational process about the newborn is passed on to the paediatric nurse and the paediatric and adolescent general practitioner, which includes breastfeeding. The aim of the education is that the mother is informed about both theoretical knowledge and appropriate practical practices about breastfeeding. Objectives: The first objective was to find out how nurses at the general practitioner for children and adolescents educate mothers about breastfeeding. The second aim was to find out how mothers are satisfied with the education provided by the nurse practitioner for children and adolescents. Results: The study revealed that nurses most often educate mothers using verbal, practical and written methods. Mothers are most often educated during preventive check-ups, in the nursing clinics or individually according to the mother's needs. Furthermore, the research showed that four mothers out of eleven were not satisfied with the education. Then, the research showed that re-education for mothers who have a second child is lacking or insufficient because nurses assume they already know everything, but two mothers were satisfied. The reassurance given to them by the nurses was sufficient. One mother was not re-educated and another mother of two was partially re-educated. Furthermore, the research shows that two first-time mothers were satisfied with the nurse's breastfeeding education and another mother who had her first child rated her education as sufficient. Conclusion: Our research shows that there are differences in the statements of the two research groups regarding maternal education by the nurse at the GP for children and adolescents. This issue should be further addressed to avoid negative experiences of nurse education about breastfeeding at the paediatric and adolescent GP, and to ensure that more mothers continue breastfeeding after discharge from hospital. This undergraduate thesis can contribute to improving maternal breastfeeding education by nurses at the GP for children and adolescents and the results will be presented at the Lactation League conference.
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Midwife in the role of lactation consultant for women
ŽIROVNICKÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis explores the topic of the midwife in the role of lactation consultant for women. The thesis is divided into two parts - a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part describes the postpartum period, the production of breast milk, the physiology of lactation, including the composition of breast milk and the benefits that breastfeeding brings to the woman and the baby. Furthermore, the complications associated with breastfeeding, their management and the role of the midwife in lactation counselling are described. The bachelor thesis also discusses lactation counselling in antenatal preparation and the education of lactation counsellors. Last but not least, the theoretical part describes breastfeeding technique, breastfeeding positions and the most commonly used breastfeeding aids. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, the aim was to find out whether women who have a problem with breastfeeding seek care from a midwife involved in lactation counselling. The second aim was to find out how midwives provide lactation counselling to women. The qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted from February to March 2024 through telephone calls, video interviews or face-to-face meetings. The research sets were two. The first research set consisted of midwives involved in lactation counseling and the second research set consisted of women who were breastfeeding. The interviews with the informants were conducted on the basis of their consent and were completely anonymous. The collected data were transcribed and then analyzed using text coloring. The main categories and subcategories were established for data analysis and are described in the practical part of the bachelor thesis. For midwives, two main categories (Lactation Counsellor Profession, Lactation Counselling) were established based on the responses obtained, which include six sub-categories: (Lactation Counselling Education, Service Promotion, Most Frequently Addressed Breastfeeding Problems, Form of care provided, Access to Lactation Counselling and Resolution of Emergency Problems). For women, there are three main categories (Breastfeeding information, Starting breastfeeding and Breastfeeding complications). These categories are divided into eight subcategories (Women's information about breastfeeding before delivery, Interest in breastfeeding, First attachment, Education at the postpartum department, Lactation support, Lactation problems, Use of lactation consultant care, and Breastfeeding termination). The first research question looked at the most common issues that lead women to seek care from a midwife for lactation counselling. According to the responses, the most common reasons were feeding the baby with artificial milk and breast problems such as soreness, raga and difficulty attaching the baby to the breast. Informants also reported that women contact lactation counsellors because they need reassurance and a check on breastfeeding technique. The second research question explored how midwives provide lactation counselling. All informants visit women in their home environment to help them with breastfeeding, check correct breastfeeding technique and help women with any complications. Most of the informants noted that they also discuss breastfeeding issues with women in the antenatal or breastfeeding course, where they try to prepare women for breastfeeding.
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Nutrition and Other Characteristics of Infants
NOVOTNÁ, Radka
The main goal of this bachelor thesis was a processing of research based on interesting literary and electronic sources which primarily deal with children's nutrition. Closely related topics include, for instance, disease rates or vaccination of children. Another aim of this thesis was to collect data through questionnaires followed by their comparison. This bachelor thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and empirical. The first part presents information acquired and processed from domestic and foreign literature. This thesis concerns the importance of breastfeeding, supplementary feeding or non-dairy formula feeding. It also focuses on the types of breast milk or breastfeeding with its positive and negative effects on an infant. In addition to the beforementioned topics, this thesis gives a detailed description of mandatory and most common optional vaccines, including a brief mention of disease rates of children. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on the evaluation of data collected by the questionnaire method. The beforehand formulated questionnaire is part of a larger project linked to the works of the following students: Markéta Mužíková, Tereza Šafránková and Kateřina Součková. The questionnaire for legal representatives of children was composed in an online form. Respondents' parents filled in the data predominantly from the Health and Vaccination Cards. Data from 110 respondents have been collected in total. Fifty-six respondents were girls and fifty-five boys. Afterwards, our selected data were compared with the CAV 2001 Nationwide Anthropological Survey. In the vaccination category, it was found that each individual had received all the mandatory vaccines given by law. Prevenar 13, among the non-mandatory vaccines, was the most frequently used vaccine in 39 cases out of 110 respondents. In the category of childhood morbidity rate, the following childhood diseases were examined - catarrh of the upper respiratory, allergy, eczema and acute otitis media. It was found that most of the non-breastfed children of our cohort were overall less ill than the breastfed children. This result is consistent with the research of the student Tereza Šafránková but is not in accordance with some professional publications, for example (Muntau, 2014) or (Nevoral et al., 2013). In the last part of the research, which concerned the body measurements of children up to one year of age, the results show that non-breastfed individuals are more likely to exceed breastfed children in average development. The basic body measurements of children from birth to 1 year were compared with the results of the CAV 2001 Nationwide Anthropological Survey (CAV, 2001). Statistically significant values were found for body weight of breastfed one-year-old boys (p=0.000), body length of six-month-old (p= 0.007) and one-year-old breastfed boys (p=0.001), chest girth at birth for girls (p= 0.001) and boys (p= 0.004), head girth at birth (p= 0.000) and at six months for breastfed boys (p= 0.003), and BMI at birth for non-breastfed girls (p= 0.002).
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Determination of antiepileptics in breast milk with chromatographic methods
Ernestová, Viktoria ; Hložek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Anna (referee)
The present thesis is devoted to the development of a new method for the determination of a selected group of antiepileptic drugs (brivaracetam, eslicarbazepine, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, perampanel, pregabalin, rufinamide) in human breast milk. The rationale for identifying antiepileptic drugs in this rather complex matrix is to assess and optimize the use of these drugs in breastfeeding mothers to avoid unnecessary and risky exposure of infants. The aforementioned drugs have various undesirable side effects that can have a negative impact not only on the mother but also on the breastfed infant. The protein precipitation method using acetonitrile/methanol mixture was used for sample preparation. A method based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass detection was developed and tested for the determination of the concentrations of these drugs. In the course of testing, different chromatographic columns with different stationary phases were tested to achieve optimal separation conditions and experimental set-ups for the full range of antiepileptic drugs tested.The whole methodology will be subsequently validated according to the general guidelines for clinical and toxicological method validation according to international standards and its use in routine laboratory practice will be intended.
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Microbial diversity of breast milk and its influence on the gut microbiome of infants
Novotná, Jana ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (advisor)
Breast milk is considered the most important source of nutrition for infants and newborns due to its content of all the necessary nutrients and bioactive components that positively affect the child's immune system. The theoretical part of my work deals with the microbial composition of breast milk and its transformation depending on the stages of breastfeeding and other factors. The experimental part is focused on the identification of selected bacterial strains in breast milk and stool of a breastfed child and a child fed an artificial milk diet. Collection strains of bacteria belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Candida were used for the analysis. DNA was isolated by phenol extraction, using magnetic carriers and a commercial kit. The presence of bacterial DNA was proved by q-PCR analysis using genus-specific primers for selected bacteria.
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