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Chemical composition of photovoltaic panels
Koudelová, Marta ; Šebek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Tejnecký, Václav (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on the issue of photovoltaic cells and panels. The literature search was formed from selected available literature with the purpose to characterize different types of the crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells and thin-films photovoltaic cells and describe the application of photovoltaic cells in the world and in the Czech Republic. In the next part of this thesis is a summary of current knowledge about recycling of photovoltaic cells and other utilization of layers and their possible impact on the environment. The practical part of the thesis deals with selected samples of PV panels. A few samples of photovoltaic panels were taken for chemical analyses. Chemical analyses are performed of the five samples of the photovoltaic panels. The results of chemical analyses were compared with acquired data from the literature. The results of the multielementary analysis of selected samples was that the photovoltaic panels contain a risk elements (e. g. As, Cd, Sb, Mo). The PV panels also contain economics utilizable elements (Ag). Content of silicon is up to 78,18 % SiO2. Key words Photovoltaic panel, photovoltaic cell, chemical analysis, risk elements, recycling
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Paper, plastics and metals recycling
Kaireshev, Ruslan ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Doležalová, Markéta (referee)
The latest trends in the field of waste management and recycling show an annual increase in the proportion of municipal waste, especially the municipal solid waste folder, in total waste production in the Czech Republic and in the world. The constant pressure specified by latest amends in the waste and packaging legislation, regulation by the European Union directives on reducing the amount of waste deposited in landfills, pushing the waste management system to increase the rate of recycling of waste, especially of individual commodities such as paper, plastic, metal and cartons. Recycling has its advantages and disadvantages, the current challenge for expert public is to find ways of waste management in the future. Currently, expert public is interested not only with solution of recycling problems itself, but with possibilities of alternative forms of waste recovery. In 2010, thanks to the recycling of paper, plastics, glass and metals saved 23.3 million MJ of energy that may not be produced, which represents one percent of the total energy consumption of the Czech Republic. Recycling reduced the overall green gas emissions by less than one percent, corresponding to 0.96 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent (EKO-KOM). Key words : recycling, paper, plastic, metals
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Possibilities of recycling mobile phones.
Slováková, Jana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Polák, Miloš (referee)
Mobile phones are the most used electronic equipment on the globe. Their recycling rate is low because the collection system of end-of-life mobile phones is ineffective. This thesis remains mobile phones collection systems, their composition and content of usable components. The next section describes dealing with mobile phones in the Czech Republic, and the practical part describes the results of research conducted under the ASEKOL, s.r.o. The total weight of the samples was 20 830.27 kg. Total weight in group 3, where mobile phones are, was 13 740.79 kg (5 730 pieces). In comparison with year 2009 the group 3 increased by 155.14 kg, while there was a decline in the number of items in the group - there were from 6,092 pieces to 5,730 pieces.
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The impact of metal powder recycling on the porosity of parts produced by Selective Laser Melting
Sůkal, Jan ; Hudák, Radovan (referee) ; Paloušek, David (advisor)
Diploma thesis deals with the influence of recycling of powder steel 1.2709 on porosity of parts processed by SLM technology. Theoretical part of this thesis gives an overview of the influence of selected process parameters of this additive technology on the porosity of manufactured parts. The presence of pores in the material is the main cause of worse mechanical properties compared to conventionally manufactured materials. Since the advantage of this technology is the possibility of wasteless production, one of the possible causes of pore formation and degradation of properties of the powder material is due to standard recycling by means of sieving to remove the contaminants generated during the construction. This paper compares the porosity of parts produced by two different machines, analyzes the possible consequences of sieving on powder properties, establishes recommendations for setting the recycling process, and compares the degree of influence of process parameters on porosity.
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Effective proposal and operation of sorting line as an element in waste management
Guštara, Dominik ; Kropáč, Jiří (referee) ; Gregor, Jiří (advisor)
The hereby presented master’s thesis deals with municipal solid waste separation. The introductory chapters describe current state of handling of selected recyclables and the technologies of their collection. The following chapter is a description of a waste sorting line technology, since this facility’s function is to upgrade the recyclables to secondary materials. The first step of practical part of this thesis was creation of a technical-economic model of the sorting line designed to process plastic and paper waste, therefore the following chapter is dedicated to its description and presentation. Subsequently, the outputs of the model are evaluated for three settings of its input variables, which represent the three imagined scenarios of the modeled sorting line’s operation. Sensitivity analyses focused on selected input variables of this model were also performed. A separate chapter is dedicated to changes in the model outputs in the case of including the waste transportation prices to the selected scenario. At the end of the thesis, the influence of increased material separation of plastic waste on the lower heating value of residual mixed municipal solid waste is evaluated.
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Study of Free-Field Photovoltaic Plants in South Moravia
Bařinka, David ; Jandová, Kristýna (referee) ; Szendiuch, Ivan (advisor)
This dissertation is the study about the future of solar power stations in the Czech Republic, describing the history, composition, principle of solar power stations and types of defects. Is primarily focuses on the future and recycling of solar power stations and solar panels. The conclusion of this disertation describes and evaluates own survey which is oriented on operators of the solar power stations.
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Low-energy recycling of poly(ethylen terephthalate) waste
Slabá, Jitka ; Beneš, Hynek (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with a new low-energy method of chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using natural oils as reagents and microwave irradiation to accelerate depolymerization. The results of experiments with PET waste and castor oil, when the reaction mixture was heated in microwave reactor, showed that a complete depolymerization of PET chain has occured. Optimal conditions for the depolymerization PET were established: wt. ratio of PET / castor oil = 1 / 9.7, when the molar ratio of ester bonds of PET / hydroxyl groups of castor oil = 1 / 2.7, catalyst : zinc acetate at wt 1% from the PET mass, reaction temperature ranging from 235 to 245řC and the reaction time 60 min. Decomposition experiments also showed, that microwave irradiation accelerated decomposition of PET. Depolymerization reactionin MW reactor was complete at 6x shorter reaction time than the decomposition in the classically heated reactor. The results of analysis showed that the resulting product,the recyclate, was composed of unreacted castor oil and polyol products, that contained partially or fully esterified structural unit of PET, which were ended by ester-linked units of castor oil.
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Application of renewable and recyclable raw materials for preparation of new polymers
Horák, Pavel ; Beneš, Hynek (advisor) ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with optimalization of flexible polyurethane foam recycling with using of natural polyols based on rape seed oil and fish oil and it explores applications of depolymerized polyol product by formulations of new polyurethane materials. The experiments of depolymerisation showed that both tested natural oil (rape seed oil and fish oil) can be used as effective reagents for polyurethane recycling. Reaction conditions of depolymerisation were optimised with model flexible polyurethane foam and applied on waste foam from real conditions. Gain of depolymerisation is one-faze low viscosity (to 1500 mPa.s) liquid polyol products with content of hydroxyl groups ca 3 mmol/g. These polyols can be used for polymerisation of new materials. First application of recycled polyols was formulation of polyurethane foam systems. Through optimising of formula was prepared low-density semirigid foam containing 100 percentage of recycled polyol. Properties of these foams correspond to commercial foams. To prepare of homogenous cast polyurethane system based on recycled polyols it was necessary to add proper solvent, therefor extent of application has been lowered. On that account the systems were tested for study of polyaddition reaction and for following properties of the material. In these tests, the reactivity...
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Approriatioon and recycling of media images
Černá, Iveta ; Láb, Filip (advisor) ; Slanec, Jaroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis Appropriation and Recycling of Media Images focuses on how media images get outside their original context and how this changes their function and meaning. The work contains of three parts. The first part acquaints the reader with the method of appropriation and recycling, with its beginnings and its specificity. The second part investigates what icons are and how art uses them. We need to introduce basic semiotic terms in order to be able to explain how the meaning changes and how media icons work. In the third part, I focus on particular cases of appropriation and recycling, which are divided into separate subthemes according to their character, i. e. painting, political iconography, models and self-projection into iconic photographs. The fourth part occupies with the relationship between appropriation and copyright. It embraces subchapters on Czech copyright, Creative Commons licences, theories about free culture and particular cases of apropriation and recycling from the point of view of copyright infringement.
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