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Delineating aggressiveness of acute myeloid leukemia in a mouse model carrying mutations of Spil (PU.1) and Trp53.
Bašová, Petra
PU.1 downregulation within haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is the primary mechanism for the development of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in mice with homozygous deletion of the upstream regulatory element (URE) of PU.1 gene. p53 is a well known tumor suppressor that is often mutated in human haematologic malignancies including AML and adds to their aggressiveness; however its genetic deletion does not cause AML in mouse. Deletion of p53 in the PU.1ure/ure mice (PU.1ure/ure p53-/- ) results in more aggressive AML with shortened overall survival. PU.1ure/ure p53-/- progenitors express significantly lower PU.1 levels. In addition to URE deletion we searched for other mechanisms that in absence of p53 contribute to decreased PU.1 levels in PU.1ure/ure p53-/- mice. We found involvement of Myb and miR-155 in downregulation of PU.1 in aggressive murine AML. Upon inhibition of either Myb or miR-155 in vitro the AML progenitors restore PU.1 levels and lose leukaemic cell growth similarly to PU.1 rescue. The MYB/miR-155/PU.1 axis is a target of p53 and is activated early after p53 loss as indicated by transient p53 knockdown. Furthermore, deregulation of both MYB and miR-155 coupled with PU.1 downregulation was observed in human AML, suggesting that MYB/miR-155/PU.1 mechanism may be involved...
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FinTech and AML from a legal perspective
Zacpal, Mikuláš ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Vybíral, Roman (referee)
and keywords FinTech and AML from a legal perspective The subject matter of this thesis is the impact of regulations preventing money laundering and terrorism financing in the field of FinTech. The goal is to analyse these regulations and to offer a critical standpoint which would reflect the technological development in the financial sector and take into consideration the cost of adhering to these regulations. With this objective in mind, the first chapter defines the concept of FinTech, breaks down its specifics and provides typical examples of the financial services currently fitting this definition. In the second chapter, the obligations stemming from the AML/CFT rules are defined along with an evaluation of their impact on obliged persons. The current and future possibilities of remote identification which represents the simplest way of acquiring a client are further evaluated in a separate chapter. In the last part, this paper analyses the applicability of the AML/CFT Act in relation to neobanking, crowdfunding and crypto-assets. The paper concludes by summarizing the findings, formulating views on the current state of the topic, and presenting suggestions for future development. Money laundering and terrorism financing are detrimental social phenomena affecting the FinTech sector. The...
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Epigenetic Aspects of normal and malignant hematopoiesis: role of chromatin remodeling ISWIATPase.
Zikmund, Tomáš ; Stopka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dráber, Peter (referee) ; Otáhal, Pavel (referee)
Chromatin remodeling protein Smarca5 participates on many cellular processes, which are important for tissue development and tumorigenesis. Among these processes utilizing ATPase activity of Smarca5 belong also transcription, replication and DNA repair. We hypothesized that Smarca5 represents essential molecule for chromatin modulation primarily at early developmental stages at the level of fast-dividing progenitors of many origins, in whose the ATPase is highly expressed. To such tissues may belong also hematopoiesis, in which the Smarca5 has highest expression. The subject of my doctoral thesis is therefore analysis of the effect Smarca5 depletion on proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors in vivo and a search for mechanisms behind the resulted developmental defects. We utilized conditionally knockout allele of Smarca5 in blood precursors to study in a mouse model how depletion of the ISWI ATPase causes accumulation of earliest progenitors inhibited from further maturation to erythroid and other myeloid lines. The proerythroblasts became dysplastic and the majority of basophilic erythroblasts ceased cycling around the G2/M stage. An expected mechanism for observed changes appeared the activation of stress pathway of protein p53 that is often associated with unrepaired DNA...
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System for Anti-Money Laundering Risks Management
Uhrín, Peter ; Kreslíková, Jitka (referee) ; Bartík, Vladimír (advisor)
The aim of this work is to create a module for anti-money laundering risk management. The module should allow downloading and subsequent processing of a financial sanction database issued by the European commission in cooperation with the European Banking Federation and further manage its own blacklist. This module should be subsequently integrated into the existing information system of the company Platební instituce Roger, a.s. This module will allow easier screening of subjects against the financial sanction database, at the same time will provide the tools to create its own screening criteria and, last but not least, it will also allow inspection of the exposition of individual subjects. The resulting module will be implemented in Python programming language, using SQLAlchemy library for working with the database and Web2py framework for integrating the AML module into the company information system.
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The Legal Regulation of Banking Activities
Martinů, Katrin ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Sejkora, Tomáš (referee)
The Legal Regulation of Banking Activities Abstract The subject of this diploma thesis is the legal regulation of the activities of banks. Emphasis is placed on newly regulated areas and topical areas in respect to legislative changes. The primary aim of the thesis is to analyse areas related to the activities of banks and to assess the suitability and sufficiency or redundancy of the legal regulation of the selected areas in terms of the scope and depth of regulation. In this context, the work is complemented by proposals de lege ferenda. The first section is devoted to the subjects of banking regulation. Within this part, the term "bank" is defined, including the assessment of online banks. After that, supervisors, namely the Czech National Bank and the European Banking Authority, are presented together with an outline of their functions. The following section covers the general basis of the regulation of bank activities. The sources of regulation are described, and the objectives and reasons for and against regulation are outlined. A description of processes for entering and exiting the banking sector are included, with a more detailed analysis of procedures for obtaining a banking license. The third section contains an analysis of the selected obligations of banks arising from the legislation regulating...
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Records of actual owners of limited liability companies and joint stock companies
Gnědin, Arťom ; Čech, Petr (advisor) ; Elek, Štefan (referee)
Records of actual owners of limited liability companies and joint stock companies This diploma thesis deals with the records of actual owners of limited liability companies and joint stock companies. The aim of the thesis is to introduce the basics of the institute of records of actual owners and then to discuss its key features and problematic issues associated with it. At the beginning, the thesis outlines the evolution of the institute of records of actual owners, and further evaluates the potential to meet the goals associated with the introduction of the evidence. At the same time, the thesis draws attention to the pitfalls that the records can bring in practice. The thesis also deals with the issues related to the extent of the mandatory information about the actual owner and the issues related to the storage and handling of such information. The thesis leads a discussion to interpret the relevant provisions to keep a balance between the necessary prerequisites for fulfilling the meaning and purpose of the records and the rights of a legal persons. In the following chapters, the thesis focuses on the definition of the actual owner and on the systematization of the ways in which a natural person or group of natural persons can be an actual owner. The thesis interprets the provision defining...
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Beneficial owner in the Light of the AML/CFT Legislation
Roblová, Michaela ; Sejkora, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
Money laundering and terrorist financing present major social problems that can negatively impact economic growth of both, the state and the households. The ever-increasing globalization and the trend of removing barriers to the free market make it harder for the authorities to detect and investigate abovementioned crimes. That is why, in recent years, efforts have been made to cooperate in the fight against money laundering, both globally and at European Union level. The European Union keeps constantly improving the AML/CTF legislation. Thanks to that, the Czech Republic can keep up with the rapidly evolving techniques the offenders come up with. This thesis present one of the new legal institutes in the Czech law - beneficial ownership. The idea of beneficial ownership came from the Directive 2015/849 that was implemented into the AML/CFT Act n. 253/2008. Under the Directive, corporates and other legal entities such as trusts will be required to maintain accurate and current information on their beneficial ownership. Beneficial owner is an entity that enjoys the possession and/or benefits of ownership (such as receipt of income). The first part of the thesis concerns the general anti-money laundering and combating financing of terrorism problematics. It also tackles the concept of ownership...
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Combating terrorist financing from the perspective of a major bank operating in the Czech Republic
Opl, Jakub ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with implementation of legal framework in fight against financing of terrorism and money-laundering in context of anonymous private financial institutition residing in the Czech Republic. Implementation is exercised on the basis of analysis of internal regulations of the institution, anonymous interviews with Compliance officers and survey of the employees from the branches. The thesis shreds some light on problems regarding implementation and also regarding the knowledge of AML/CFT on the side of employees, who are in daily direct contact with clients. In light of these findings, the thesis suggests need for greater enlightment for these employees.
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Chromosomal aberrations in childhood acute leukemia.
Sládková, Lucie ; Zemanová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Šárová, Iveta (referee)
1 Abstract Leukemias are the most common cancer diseases in childhood. The majority of cases represent acute leukemias, the most common of which is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the second most frequent subtype is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). One of the basic laboratory examinations at the time of diagnosis is the cytogenetic analysis of the karyotype of leukemic cells in which we are looking for the recurrent chromosomal aberrations. These changes in the structure or number of the chromosomes can be found in up to 90 % of patients and the exact prognostic significance is known for most of them. In ALL, the findings of high hyperdiploidy (>50 chromosomes) and translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22) are considered the most significant prognostic factor associated with good prognosis and translocations involving the KMT2A gene in the 11q23 region are associated with poor prognosis. In AML, the most frequent aberrations are t(8;21)(q22;q22), t(15;17)(q24;q21) and inv(16)(p13;q22) which are considered indicator of good prognosis. An important unfavourable prognostic finding in AML are the KMT2A gene rearrangements, the most common of which is the translocation t(9;11)(q23;p13.1). Nowadays, there are many ways to detect chromosomal aberrations in leukemic cells. G-banding is the most common method of classical...
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The role of banks in the fight against money laundering and financing of terrorism
Pultarová, Hana ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
Money laundering and terrorist financing are serious problems that may not only disrupt the stability and reputation of financial institutions, but also affect a wide range of individuals. Therefore, this kind of conduct can be punished as a crime, including the active involvement of banks in money laundering. However, the diploma thesis focuses mainly on preventive measures introduced by the provisions of administrative law. The role of a well-functioning banking system is essential for the effective suppression of money laundering and financing of terrorism. Banks are the most frequent reporters of suspicious transactions and the bank services are used by wide range of persons. The role of banks is mainly determined by their designation as obliged entities by the Act no. 253/2008 Coll., on certain measures against the legalization of proceeds of crime and terrorist financing. The obligations arising out of this act are put into context with the Czech Banking Act and with regulations governing payments and implementation of international sanctions, including directly applicable laws of the European Union. The importance of the bank services is also caused by the regulation of cash payments. In connection with the activities of banks, the thesis reflects selected changes that will be introduced by...
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