|
|
The influence of the order of information in word problems on their difficulty for lower secondary pupils
Hennlich, David ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
TITLE: The influence of the order of information in word problems on their difficulty for lower secondary pupils AUTHOR: Bc. David Hennlich DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: doc. RNDr. Naďa Vondrová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: Research has shown an influence of various parameters of word problems on their success rate and solving strategies that are used by pupils. In case of the order of information variable, most of research has focused on word problems, in which the order of information corresponds, or not, with the order of events described in the problem statement. This thesis differs from them by aiming at word problems without the sequence of this kind in their situational models. Two sets of problems solved by ninth grade pupils of four secondary schools situated in Prague were analysed. In order to recognize the influence of the analysed parameter, the combination of qualitative and quantitative approach was used. Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to analyse the parameter from the quantitative point of view. The written solutions of pupils were also analysed in a qualitative way and later amended by additional interviews with pupils. No influence of the parameter was found on either success rate or solving strategies in any of the analysed word problems. There was...
|
|
| |
|
|
Solving strategies of word problems depending on the context topicality
Hejdrychová, Kateřina ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
1 Solving strategies of word problems depending on the context topicality ABSTRACT The thesis deals with word problems solvable by linear equations. The aim of the work is to show if the context, on which the word problem depends, influences how pupils participating in the research solve it and verify if word problem phrasing and modern language usage help pupils solve the word problem. It is accomplished by assigning pupils a set of varied word problems and assessing their solutions. More results were gained by assessing questionnaires related to the context of the word problems being calculated. The second aim of the thesis is to explain various definitions of word problems, putting the term into the context of school mathematics and a brief summary of the historical development of mathematics focusing on word problems. The work consists of three parts. In the first part, problems and word problems are defined and it is shown how word problems are included in the Framework educational programme. Word problems are put into historical context. The second part shows the conception of motion word problems, word problems on joint work and word problems on dividing a whole into parts in the present-day mathematical textbooks in the second stage of elementary schools and in the lower classes of secondary grammar...
|
|
|
Using mathematical calculations to solve problems in sciences
Gáborová, Andrea ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
This work deals with word problems from natural sciences whose main mathematical apparatus are circle, sphere and their parts. The work is divided into three main parts - part about word problems, part about used mathematical apparatus in word problems and part containing verbal tasks from sciences. The first part defines the word problems and describes how to solve the problems. The second part contains the mathematical apparatus used in the word problems in part three. The third part is a collection of verbal tasks from the sciences, divided into the taskes solved at primary and secondary schools. The individual vocabulary is presented as a necessary theoretical basis of sciences. In the third part, I created most of the vocabulary myself.
|
|
|
Word problems at the Waldorf secondary schools
Daniel, Radovan ; Vondrová, Naďa (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis contains didactic analysis of word problems, that is the definition of a word problem, classification of word problems from various perspectives and methods of solving word problems, according to czech specialists in didactics of mathematics. The second part describes the teaching of mathematics at the secondary Waldorf schools with an emphasis on teaching in main lesson blocks. The core of the work lies in the experimental part which consists of two sections. The first section describes the preparation, implementation and evaluation of educational experiments on the subject of word problems. The educational experiment was conducted in the first class of the Waldorf lyceum in Prague in the academic year 2014/2015. All days of the main lesson block are described. Part of the reflection of the teacher and an observer who participated in the entire main lesson block is the part of thesis. The practical part continues with the pupil's solving strategies analysis. Pupils wrote a didactic test with word problems once before the teaching experiment and once after it. The analysis of each problem is following, in which the interesting phenomena that emerged in the pupils' solutions are explored. The conclusion summarises the main points of the research conducted...
|
|
|
How children solve word problems in mathematics containing traditional and non-traditional gender content
Nováková, Veronika ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The goal of my thesis is to find out how school children react to word problems in mathematics that defy traditional distinction of gender roles in a typical household. This Bachelor Thesis compares in which word problems (with traditional or nontraditional gender content) children score higher and whether boys/girls in 2nd or 6th grade are more successful in solving them. It also differentiates if there are any noticeable differences between girls and boys. The research was carried out by mixed methodology and I used sequential progression of data. Firstly, I handed out the forms, then came the investigation of previously mentioned forms which granted me a better insight on the research of this particular phenomenon in the field. After the quantitative collecting of data came the qualitative investigation using half-structured interviews.
|
|
|
Negative numbers in contemporary primary school mathematics
Skálová, Tereza ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to deal with teaching of negative numbers in mathematics in lower primary school. The thesis brings an overview of exercises related to negative numbers, which are available in textbooks dedicated to lower and upper primary school. Main part of the thesis is devoted to three different experiments - pupils experiment, teaching experiment and parlour game. The pupils experiment analysis the successes and troubles of pupils attending 4th and 5th class when filling out the worksheets focused on various models of negative numbers. Furthermore, the teaching experiment based on a questionnaire survey describes comments of lower and upper primary school teachers in regards to implementation and usefulness of negative numbers. Parlour game experiment demonstrates the ability of pupils to grasp mathematical phenomenon by playing a game. Key words: additive operations with negative numbers experiment models of negative number: thermometer, floor, surface environment Stepping environment Stairs word problems board game negative numbers
|
|
|
Mathematical environment Bus in primary school
Pártl, David ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the mathematical environment Bus realized through mathematical tasks in textbooks Hejný et al. The issue is aimed at pupils of the fourth grade of primary school. The main point of the theoretical part is study of gradual gradation of tasks in environment Bus from 1st to 5th grade of primary school. It was found that the frequency of the tasks in the textbook for the fourth grade is impaired and on the basis has been prepared experiment that complement the tasks so that the frequency has been unimpaired. The practical part includes the preparation of an experiment in which custom- designed tasks were formulated. They were linked with fourth-year primary school curriculum. By performing two experiments was obtained 262 pupil's solutions of tasks, in which were recorded and analyzed pupil's mistakes. This enabled to formulate phenomenons that could be caused by impaired frequency of tasks in environment Bus in textbooks Hejný et al. KEYWORDS graduaded problems, experiment, Hejný's teaching method, mathematical environment Bus, word problems, work with table
|
|
|
Students' solutions of word problems leading to quadratic equation
Hanzal, Petr ; Pilous, Derek (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to find out students' reasoning of chosen word problem by using quadratic equation. The work focuses on specific errors end problems reported by students and evaluated by Newman's method of Error Causes for Written Mathematical Tasks. The theoretical work was based on analyse of current mathematical textbooks and comparison with several international pedagogical studies and thesis with similar specialization. Furthermore, a detailed description of methodology and my own research are described in practical part of the thesis. Principle of study was to chose group of the students from two different high schools ( one well know grammar school and one business high school in Prague) and record the process of reasoning the word problem by camera. The concluison is dedicated to proper analyses of mistakes and problems during the student's reasonings. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Students' problem posing as an indicator of mathematical culture of lower secondary students
Bureš, Jiří ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Hošpesová, Alena (referee) ; Zhouf, Jaroslav (referee)
TITLE: Studentsʼ problem posing as an indicator of mathematical culture of lower secondary students AUTHOR: Mgr. Jiří Bureš DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis is focused on studentsʼ problem posing as an indicator of mathematical culture of lower secondary students. The theoretical background consists of research on problem posing, word problems in mathematics, mathematical culture and the Theory of didactical situations in mathematics. The goal of the thesis is to analyse links between problem posing and studentsʼ mathematical culture through the analysis and description of the posed problems. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and research part. In the theoretical part, there are the main findings about studentsʼ problem posing and some approaches to the concepts of word problems and mathematical culture, and the main concepts of the Theory of didactical situations used in the thesis. The research part starts with the analysis of the pre-experiment, which constitutes the basis for creation and characteristics of the conception of mathematical culture of problem posing. These parts are followed by the analysis of the main experiment, which provides the complete description of the posed problems...
|
guest ::
