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Women's reflections of the body during pregnancy, childbirth and early motherhood
Pecháčková, Veronika ; Wolfová, Alžběta (advisor) ; Országhová, Kristína (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines ways in which first-time mothers reflect their corporeality during pregnancy, childbirth and early motherhood within one year of childbirth. Theoretical framework of the research is grounded in anthropology of the body from which it borrows key concepts: gender, body image, subjectivity and bodily capital. The thesis is based on the research that uses qualitative research strategy, the data was generated using a semi-structured interview method with 10 actors. The analytical procedure involved data transcription, segmentation, analysis and interpretation of the data in relation to the established theoretical concepts. From the analysis of the interviews, four themes emerged that play a key role in women's corporeality in the defined period. These are motherhood, femininity, physical capacities and partnership. Each of these themes has a different salience at different stages of the maternal experience and their prominence in corporeality generally overlaps. Within each theme, viewed as a level of subjectivity, women reflect social norms through body image, the experience of the body through embodiment, and the practice of body functioning through bodily capital. In particular, the dominant role in corporeality is given to the dimension of motherhood. The different...
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Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: An evolutionary perspective
Roberts, Kateřina ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Żelaźniewicz, Agnieszka (referee) ; Šebela, Antonín (referee)
The symptoms of nausea and vomiting are experienced by a majority of women during their pregnancy. Symptoms range from mild to severe, but even mild symptoms are connected with adverse effects on women's everyday life. Despite its significance, the aetiology of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) is not fully understood. The first part of this thesis briefly summarises what is known about the predictors and mechanisms of NVP, including hormonal influences, pregnancy-related, demographic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors. Furthermore, this part focuses on NVP from an evolutionary perspective that, compared to the generally negative view, recognises that NVP has some positive effects on pregnancy outcomes. Different adaptive hypotheses of NVP are described, such as the maternal and embryo protection hypothesis and the compensatory growth hypothesis. The second part consists of five studies focusing on NVP and related topics. The first study focused on dietary and psychosocial correlates of NVP and found a relationship between the level of NVP symptoms and the consumption of milk products and alcohol and a relationship between NVP and stress, anxiety, fatigue and perceived partner support. The next three studies focused on various predictors of NVP and its relationship with disgust in pregnancy....
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Physiotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of postpartum stress incontinence
MARELOVÁ, Alžběta
This bachelor thesis focuses on physiotherapeutic procedures in the treatment of postpartum stress incontinence. It is divided into theoretical and practical parts. One of the aims of my thesis is to describe the therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat postpartum stress incontinence. Then, in the theoretical part, I focus on describing the postural changes caused by pregnancy and the period during the postpartum period. The last aim is to describe the effect of the chosen therapy on the woman's posture and the impact on quality of her life. In the theoretical part, information on the current state of the problem is given, as well as the anatomy and physiology of the organs in the body. The following chapter deals with stress incontinence, specifically its classification, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment. The next chapter deals with the changes on a woman's body during pregnancy, and last but not least, there is a chapter discussing pelvic floor problems and the possibilities of physiotherapeutic procedures to affect (not only) the pelvic floor muscles. The practical part describes the methodology of the work, the examination content and the results are noted in the form of case reports. In total, there are case reports of 2 probands, who were at different times after childbirth and suffered from different degrees of stress incontinence after childbirth. For 10 weeks the probands practiced the given exercises, a description of which can be found in one of the chapters. At the same time, their examples can be seen in the photographs in the booklet, which is included in the appendices. The work can be an inspiration for physiotherapists who work with the pelvic floor area or specifically with women after childbirth. It can also be useful to anyone dealing with a problem in the pelvic floor area. The booklet can be the first step in solving it, as it contains educational information as well as basic exercises for the pelvic floor muscles.
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Dietary habits and their influence on compensation of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes
Mlejnková, Klára ; Krejčí, Hana (advisor) ; Anderlová, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: This bachelor thesis deals with the dietary habits of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes before and during pregnancy with regard to the diabetes control. It then points the changes in these habits that occurred during pregnancy. Aims: The theoretical part briefly describes the characteristics of type 1 diabetes and its treatment. It then describes pregnancy in this disease and complications of diabetic pregnancy. More attention is paid to nutrition during preconception and pregnancy. It discusses in more detail the various macronutrients and micronutrients needed during these periods and highlights foods and beverages that are inappropriate. The main aim of the practical part was to determine the dietary habits of women with type 1 diabetes before and during pregnancy and then to compare whether these were modified to diabetes control. Methods: The data for the bachelor thesis were obtained by means of a questionnaire survey conducted from August 2022 to April 2023. Two questionnaires were created in the electronic interface of Google Forms and subsequently offered to patients with type 1 diabetes in the outpatient clinic of the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University and the University Hospital. Data from the documentation of...
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Iodine literacy of pregnant women
Kazdová, Kateřina ; Selinger, Eliška (advisor) ; Heniková, Marina (referee)
This work deals with the iodine literacy of pregnant women, which means the knowledge of these women about the role of iodine in their diet. Iodine is an element whose intake is essential to produce thyroid hormones. Its deficiency has an adverse effect on the health of vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women and their children. This deficit is a problem in our country and increasing iodine literacy could help reduce it. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to verify whether there is a relationship between the iodine literacy of pregnant women and the frequency of inclusion of foods containing iodine in their diet. Another goal is also to find a connection between the level of this literacy and the level of information of women and to find out from which sources women most often draw information. The work also includes an analysis of the use of dietary supplements and their composition. 95 women participated in the research. All of them received a questionnaire in which they answered questions about not only iodine literacy itself, but also information about nutrition, the way they eat, nutritional supplements and other topics. The frequency of consumption of certain foods was also analyzed. Half of these women visited outpatient clinics for both physiological and high-risk pregnancies of the...
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Vegetarian diet in pregnancy
Popovyčová, Jana ; Starnovská, Tamara (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
Introduction: The topic I chose for my bachelor thesis is called vegetarian diet during pregnancy. My effort is to specify the vegetarian way of eating more specifically and also to bring closer to the eating habits of pregnant women who eat a meat-free vegetarian diet. Objectives: The objective of the theoretical part of the thesis is to provide the reader with a depper understanding of the alternative nutritional direction of vegetarianism, specific distribution, history, benefits and also the risks associated with it. The final part of the theoretical work is devoted to the nutrition of a pregnant vegetarian woman. The main goal of the research investigation of the bachelor 's thesis was to find out whether a vegetarian diet is suitable during pregnancy, what are the eating habits of pregnant vegetarian women and how the pregnancy of the women I approached in my research progressed. Another goal was to find out whether the interviewed women continue to educate themselves during pregnancy and draw information from relevant sources, whether they consulted their lifestyle with their doctors, and finally to find out what type of diet they plan for their offspring in the future, whether they will eat a vegetarian diet, or they will have freedom of choice in choosing what they want to consume....
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"Eating for Two": Pregnant Women's Perceptions of the Body and the Fetus, and Their Eating Habits
Rutová, Simona ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Grygar, Jakub (referee)
Pregnancy is currently a highly monitored condition, and also, as a result of the strong discourse of healthy lifestyle, certain demands are placed on a pregnant woman's diet. However, the topic appears also in culturally framed advice and expectations, which often contradict the medical community's directions. With this work, for which my main question is how the perception of the body and fetus affects a woman's diet during pregnancy, I aimed to enrich this discussion with the perspective of pregnant women and their perception of the needs and tastes of their body and fetus. I base this work on authors such as Merleau-Ponty, Young and Bourdieu, and on data from 15 semi-structured interviews supplemented by 5 diaries kept during pregnancy. My research shows that pregnant women perceive their body and the fetus as actors that influence their eating, because through tastes, nausea or movement they perceive the communicated needs of the body and the fetus. The influence of eating and the perception of the body and the fetus, however, turned out to be mutual, because eating also has a significant influence on how women perceived and communicated with her body and fetus and perceived its individuality. With this research I therefore expand the current understanding of pregnant embodiment, medical...
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Major obstetric complications in women with inherited thrombophilia in comparison to the control group of women
Pechrová, Viktorie ; Koucký, Michal (advisor) ; Čábela, Radek (referee)
Leiden mutation and mutation of the gen for prothrombin are classified as hereditary thrombophilia affecting external cascade's hemocoagulation factors. The higher incidence is in the Europoid. We marked those disorders not only as risk factors for thromboembolism but as risk factors for obstetrics complications as well. This bachelor thesis completes theoretical knowledge of Leiden mutation and mutation of the gen for prothrombin. Afterward, the thesis is focused on obstetrics complications that are associated with those thrombophilias. The analytical part of the thesis is devoted to the association of the mentioned mutations and the higher risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. Meaning that women who carry the such mutation are more likely to have the anamnesis of 2 or more miscarriages compared to women without thrombophilia. First, the hypothesis was set that the women with thrombophilia are going to have more frequent recurrent pregnancy loss compared to the control group without thrombophilia. To verify the hypothesis a retrospective check of the databases was made. The databases were from The Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics of the General University Hospital and of the First Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, where the group with thrombophilia was taken. The...
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