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Christian Values in Virtue Ethics
MACHULOVÁ, Helena
This research strives to illuminate the concept of "Christian values" and it points out the possible connection between this term and the ethics of values. At the beginning is introduced a reflection on the "Christian values" from both philosophical and theological point of view, then we try to find a connection between the Christian values and the ethics of values. The paper is methodologically structured in several subsequent steps. The first one is the reflection on the concept of "value" in the philosophy of values (20th century). the emphasis is put on the connection between the term "value" and the term "good", because we work on the assumption that there is some non-specific relationship between the good and the values. The following step is a theological elaborate of the term "value" that proceeds from a biblical examination, during which we concentrate non only on the term itself but also on the question if the value-focused thinking in the Scripture has a specific implicit form. Thereafter we examine the term of "value" from the systematic-theology point of view. At first we try to look into the values as an expression of the Divine perfection, then we move on to the moral-theological view, where we present the Christian interpretation of values. With this theological examination we lay the foundations for the determination of "Christian values". In the final part of the paper we present the connection between values and the ethics of values. We examine in detail the definition of the ethics of values itself, consequently we talk about the role of values in the ethics of values as well as the theological development of this doctrine. We can conclude that a satisfactory and widely accepted definition of values does not exist, which is why we also examined the term of "good" in order to find the differences between the two terms. We came to the conclusion that the difference is not convincingly explained by the ethics of values. In the theological reflection of the term "value" we tried to find a biblical foundation for values. The language analysis of the biblical texts showed that the term of values is not very frequent in the Bible and less it is in the contemporary understanding of the texts. However, deeper examination of individual texts of the New Testament showed that value-oriented statements can be found relatively often in the Bible. These statements concern the highest value, as well as the hierarchy of natural and supernatural values, etc. The next step of the theological reflection showed, that in the christian understanding, God is the source of all good/values. He is the originator and the aim of all that is and al that comes from him is good. The ethics of virtues is interesting because it differs from another normative ethics by its theological thinking. It focuses on human action from the point of view of the ultimate goal of human life. It is also associated with natural law. Indeed, each of the cardinal virtues is based on some of the basic benefits of human nature. Cultivating the virtues in life leads one to the goal of life, whether it is a naturally successful life or, in the Christian concept, eternal life, that is, communion with God. In the final step, let's take a look at the very notion of "Christian values." First of all, an inclusive concept is possible, which is based on the fact that God is the originator of all that is good, and therefore all goodness can be understood as good Christian. But then there is no difference between good and Christian good. Perhaps only in the perspective of the person who evaluates this good. Secondly, the concept of exclusive is also possible, with Christian values being what is specifically Christian, that is, what has its foundation in Revelation. In other words, it is the good / value that we would not know if it were not for Christianity.
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The integration of shadow projections in the teaching of C.G. Jung and its possible benefits for theological ethics of interpersonal relationships
Otáhal, Tomáš ; Červenková, Denisa (advisor) ; Bouma, David (referee)
In the first part, this thesis is examining the psychology of C. G. Jung, especially those parts, which are somehow connected to interpersonal relationships. That means foremostly the psychological projections and mechanisms, which are causing those projections. By those mechanisms, I mean the dynamics of consciousness - unconsciousness, the shadow and the cognitive functions. Besides those concepts and mechanisms, the thesis aims to explore the way which Jung ascribes to deal with those shadow projections - in favor of improving the interpersonal relationships. This deed lays mainly in the so-called individuation, with main focus on the shadow integration. The aim of the second part of this thesis is to reflect upon the C. G. Jung's psychology from the theological ethics point of view. The thesis is defining the criteria of goodness of the interpersonal relationship from the theological ethics standpoint. Then further uses those criteria to clarify the conditions under which could be maintained the dialogue and cooperation between theology and psychology and thus, under which conditions is theologically acceptable to utilize C. G. Jung's findings.
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Theological anthropology and anthropology contained in K.J.Erben's fairy tales
VOHRADSKÁ, Zuzana
The core thesis is an attempt to contextual interpretation of fairy tales K. J. Erben from the perspective of theological anthropology. And in the context of the overall issue of fairy tales then they found values that can be picked up and interpreted in this way. Own interpretation precedes five theoretical chapters where first discuss the issue of fairy tales, their typology, origin and development. And about the specifics of time and formation by K. J. Erben. Homer and J. R. R. Tolkien become the inspiration for subsequent interpretation. Both works have been interpreted by Christian. Integrative and reconstructive theory and is shown in the interpretation of two great works of world literature. Odyssey, a work whose creation is not much known, is a model for integrative theory. The Lord of the Rings introduces reconstructive theory, because here it is the opposite. From the peculiar structure of the classic fairy tale, then based on its own interpretation. Its core is the study of the morphology of fairy V. J. Propp. Fairytale Firebird and Foxy Fox is an introduction to the interpretation of other fairy tales. First, its symbols are analyzed and presented in the context of the fairy happening. Later, finding the core at a time when there was not a fairy tale. And that its structure is given in connection with the initiation ritual. Consequently, there are elaborated some aspects of man: man as "soulful dust", sinner and image of God. Continuously to and in relation to other fairy tales, this topic is distributed to more general plane fatality, life, death, good and evil. Question the value is processed in the chapter on aesthetics and symbolism, with an emphasis on symbolism symbol, myth and ritual.
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The thinking and belief of Otakar A. Funda
Kovářová, Zdenka ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra teologické etiky a spirituální teologie Zdenka Kovářová Myšlení a víra Otakara A. Fundy Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Ing. Prokop Sousedík, PhD. Praha 2018 2 Abstract This diploma thesis critically analyses the thinking of professor O. A. Funda who's work contributes to the problem of secularisation and moral resurgence. The work is divided into three parts, where the first section is presenting Funda's life as a whole picture, showing how his work developed over time, and introducing thinkers who influenced him. It is the second part that presents his thinking in depth on the back of two main subjects of his interests: rationality and transcendence. The last part is a critical analysis with the objective to evaluate whether or not professor managed to overcome the model rationality/transcendence with his own key: reality = complexity of complementarities and components in correlation, in continuity and in context. Keywords ethics, culture, Christianity, God, responsibility, belief, rationality, objectivity, humanity, life, existence, world, freedom, goodness, religion.
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Dealing with the evil in the family
BEČVÁŘOVÁ, Pavla
This bachelor's thesis describes the process of family member evaluation with moral evil of another family member. The theoretical part defines the concept of family and specifies the family activities and influences on a child including pathological family phenomena. Besides, the moral philosophy evaluates the terms of moral good and bad. The Ten Commandments with extracts of moral evil are used as the moral codex not only for believers in God. The concluding of theoretical part surveys of blame phenomenon and possible human response to the blame of another person. Great attention is paid to forgiveness. The experimental research by means of qualitative methodology is defined by the practical part that is compiled of three profound talks with persons who are in a way affected by moral evil of a family member. Above all there are studies of a family member attitude to another one who committed some moral evil and then the process of facing the other's blame. The data analysis is carried out by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.
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Leasure time as a space for finding higher values (good, beauty, the meaning of life).
HOŘEJŠÍ, Petra
The dissertation work focuses on leisure time as an important aspect of seeking higher values like beauty, goodness and the importance of meaning of life at the beginning of the 21st century. The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out whether young people of ages between 20 and 30 are able to perceive the values of beauty, goodness and the meaning of life in their free time. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter defines the concept of leisure time and describes a brief history of leisure time. The second chapter deals with pedagogical trends based on existentialism and philosophy of education in relation to values. The third chapter classifies the values and expounds three specific values, which are essential for this work the beauty, the goodness and the importance of meaning of life. The fourth chapter describes the Czech society at the beginning of the 21st century with a focus on the values gained in the family and the society. The sixth chapter contains qualitative research, using a questionnaire with open questions that I then analyse and evaluate.
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Privation concept of evil from Plotinus to Thomas Aquinas
TOMANDL, Antonín
The questions about the origin of evil in the world were often a secondary product of the great philosophical systems. One of the first thinkers to deal with that problem systematically was neoplatonic scholar Plotinus. He developed a theory which he considered to be only a continuation of Plato´s thinking. It became an original theory, which in its core, has influence to this day. This theory was, mostly thanks to St. Augustine, applied to christian theology and became the living doctrine. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate in what Plotinus´ theory of evil was "christianized" through the hand of Augustin. In other words, how it trasformed from a pagan philosophy to a theological one and how it was preserved for rediscovery in the scholastic era and became a new-again topic of scholastic scholars.
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