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Maintenance and support of a minor (comparative study)
Neumannová, Kateřina ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Resümee Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit ist eine komplexe Zusammenfassung und Analyse des Begriffs Kindesunterhalt für Minderjährige nach der Neukodifizierung des Privatrechts in der Tschechischen Republik und Wiedereingliederung ins Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch, zusammen mit der Einführung des Begriffs Kindesunterhalt in den historischen Kontext und mit der Bewertung der Einflüsse der vorherigen Regelungen. Diese Diplomarbeit wird sich außer der Vorstellung dieses Begriffs in der tschechischen Rechtsregelung auch mit den Rechtsregelungen der Slowakischen Republik, der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Republik Österreich beschäftigen. Das erste Kapitel wird der Rechtsregelung der Tschechischen Republik gewidmet. Nach der allgemeinen Abgrenzung des Unterhalts und seiner historischen Entwicklung folgt die Regelung der Unterhaltspflicht und des Kindesunterhalts für Minderjährige. Ich habe mein Augenmerk auf die Subjekte der Unterhaltspflicht, also auf den Unterhaltsberechtigten, der außerstande ist, sich selbst zu unterhalten, und auf den Unterhaltsverpflichteten gerichtet, wo sich um die Eltern oder unter bestimmten Bedingungen um andere Personen handelt, z.b. Großeltern. Dann habe ich mich mit den einzelnen Bedingungen beschäftigt, die für die Entstehung der gesetzlichen Unterhaltspflicht, ihr Erlöschen und oder...
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The Maintenance Obligation
Dlouhá, Markéta ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
The Maintenance Obligation Resume The thesis is concerning maintenance obligation issue whereas is taking into account all categories of the maintenance obligation. The maintenance obligation is one of the family law juridical institutes that includes number of correlative rights and duties and applies to anyone whether in the position of obligor or obligee. The thesis is aimed to compare legal regulations related to the maintenance obligation presented in the Act no 94/1963 of the Coll. on family, as amended by subsequent acts, with legal enactment in Act no 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code, as amended by subsequent acts. First chapter of the thesis highlights basic terms of the problem as the alimony and the maintenance obligation, and also explains the function of the maintenance obligation. Next chapter of the thesis introduces legal regulation related to the maintenance obligation from historical view and focuses on the legal regulation in the Civil Code 2012 and the reasons of its enactment. As next, the thesis summarizes individual categories of the maintenance obligation and follows mutual relations among them. The thesis also specifies basic condition for the duration of the maintenance obligation and also particular criteria for the formulation of the extension concerning maintenance obligation, that are...
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The Table for Determination of Alimony - the Role and Efficiency in Judicial Practice
Dvořáková, Jitka ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Čermáková, Marie (referee)
Three years ago, the Ministry of Justice in the Czech Republic stated in judicial practice a recommending table whose intention was to unify the decision-making practice of courts in determining of alimony. The table should rectify a vague treatment of the maintenance obligations, guarantee a legal certainty for all participants and predictability of decisions. The alimony often covers only a part of all costs for a child under conditions that it is paid. The situation is even more problematic because the single-parent families with minors usually belong to the households which are mostly threatened by poverty. These families are most often headed by woman, who bears the brunt of caretaker and breadwinner roles. Their role is also influenced by the disadvantageous position at a labour market. The result of all these factors is usually a feminization of poverty and transmission of the standard of living from a mother to a child. My research interviews were focused on the fact if the table is used in practice. I evaluate its efficiency and represent modifications suggested by the courts. The analysis showed that not all courts use the table or use it at different levels. It is a consequence of reading of the word "recommending". This fact indicates a neglect of any need to use and a broader context...
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The Crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments under s. 196 of the Criminal Code
Štulík, Jan ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
This thesis deals with the Crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments under s. 196 of the Criminal Code. By this provision the Czech law protects the statutory claim to maintenance between family members. The aim of this thesis is comprehensive explanation of all aspects of this crime. In introduction are analysed reasons, which led Czech lawmaker to enact punishability of failure to fulfill maintenance obligation. Special attention is given to historical evolution of this crime in Czech law. Main part of this thesis deals with elements of the crime, including definition of statutory maintenance obligation. Attention is given to condition of effective repentance (s. 197 of the Criminal Code) and possibility of concurrence. In the last chapter are described some procedural aspects.
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Mutual duty between parents and children to support and maintain in theory and practice
Vacková, Tereza ; Radvanová, Senta (advisor) ; Frinta, Ondřej (referee)
Maintenance between parents and children Resumé My thesis deals with the mutual maintenance of parents and children in theory and in practice and the thesis consists of ten chapters. The topic of alimony is a very current topic. Our society is constantly changing and its relations in the families as well. The families which are functioning decrease so the needed family members have to seek for their rights. Each of us is a parent or a child, so this topic affects all of us. The first chapter defines the basic concepts of my thesis, such as the concept of maintenance obligations, the differences between different types of maintenance obligations, the definition of subjects of maintenance obligations and the differences between the Czech and the International legal system. The final part of the first chapter discusses the new regulations of maintenance obligations, which will come into effect with new Civil Code. The main chapters focus on alimony obligation of parents to children and on alimony obligation of children to parents. I discuss the basic concepts and I define them. In those chapters the newly created tables from the Ministry of Justice for calculating the alimony with its application in the practice of Czech courts, where also the latest judiciary decisions are mentioned, also are taken into...
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Child support maintenance provided by parents
Dudová, Martina ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Resumé This thesis looks at the issue of "Parental Obligations to Provide Child Support" in the Czech Republic - how the system works now and how it might work in the future. As part of this future look, the thesis examines how this issue is currently being handled in Germany. Current Czech legislation dealing with these obligations of parents to provide for the welfare and well-being of children has been criticized both by experts in the field as well as the general public for being inadequate and insufficiently specific. Due to this lack of specificity, current Czech law compromises the principle of providing legal certainty. This thesis is broken down into three primary areas. In the first part, which is key to all that follows, there is an appraisal and assessment of the current Czech legislation dealing with parental child support obligations. The thesis tries to identify and describe the basic concepts that underlie this legislation and it provides a list of the key laws dealing with these child support obligations, including the criminal sanctions that support the fulfillment and enforcement of these obligations on mothers and fathers. This first part also provides an overview of the different changes that have been made in the area family law in the Czech Republic with an emphasis on the so-far most...
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Support and maintenance between parents and children
Dlouhá, Markéta ; Hendrychová, Michaela (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
Unterhalt zwischen den Eltern und den Kindern Resümee Meine Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Thema des Unterhalts zwischen den Eltern und den Kindern. Dieses Thema betrifft fast jeden von uns, entweder als den Unterhaltspflichtiger oder als den Unterhaltsberechtigter. Meiner Meinung nach ist das Thema des Unterhalts zwischen den Eltern und den Kindern sehr interessant und immer aktuell und verdient Beachtung der ganzen Gesellschaft. Das erste Kapitel meiner Arbeit erklärt die Grundbegriffe dieser Problematik, als der Unterhalt, seine Arten und Funktionen. Dieses Kapitel beschreibt auch kurz die historische Entwicklung der rechtlichen Regelung der Unterhaltspflicht und grenzt die Subjekte der Unterhaltspflicht ab. Die gröβte Aufmerksamkeit wird in meiner Arbeit der Unterhaltspflicht gegenüber dem Minderjährigen gewidmet, weil die rechtliche Regelung dieser Art der Unterhaltpflicht am wichtigsten und gesellschaftlich am bedeutendsten ist. Meiner Arbeit beschäftigt sich vor allem mit den Kriterien für die Festsetzung der Höhe des Unterhaltsbeitrags, der Zeitdauer und der Weise der Leistung des Unterhalts. Das wichtigste Problem stellen die Gerichtsentscheidungen über die Höhe des Unterhaltsbeitrags dar, die ab und zu in ähnlichen Fällen bedeutend unterschiedlich sind. Darum hat das Justizministerium im...
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Non maintenance obligations
PRAŽÁKOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor thesis deals with the child support, and in particular the child support parents to children. The theoretical part describes some of the basic concepts, discusses the social function of maintenance, describes the impact of divorce on children, lists the types of maintenance on the creation, modification, termination and child support of parents to children and further defines the scope of child support. Subsequently, the paper deals with the recovery of maintenance and performance penalty. The practical part is finding reasons non-maintenance, non maintenance impact to the beneficiaries, how they differ or agree the views of professionals and how they may be specialist beneficial in preventing the offense of neglecting child support. Respondents, experts from the prison, Probation and Mediation Services and agencies involved in criminal proceedings.
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Infant's Maintenance
RZESZUTKOVÁ, Lenka
Bachelor's thesis deals with the maintenance tasks, and in particular the maintenance obligations between parents and children. The theoretical part describes the formation, range and amount of maintenance, there are given steps in the event of non-maintenance obligations. Another part is dedicated to recovery maintenance from filing complaint, deductions from wages up to the execution of penalty of non-maintenance obligations. At the end of the work I am writing abou the community service. The role of probation and mediation services and the supervision of probation officer. In inclosures I illustrate patterns of the models relating to the setting, editing and changing the amount of maintenance and also a pattern of complaint for failure maintenance obligations.
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