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Development of HIV / AIDS in the Czech Republic and optimization methods of prevention in primary schools
Blažková, Zuzana ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
The master thesis deals the development of HIV / AIDS in the Czech Republic and optimization methods of prevention in primary schools. The thesis is divided in the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part analyzes data from the scientific literature and resources in the emergence of HIV infection, the modes of transmission of HIV, the development of AIDS, the investigative methods, the possibilities for treatment and prevention. The practical part of the research is based on an investigation which was carried out through interviews with professionals dealing with primary prevention of sexual transmitted infections. The aim of research was to find out whether there is sufficient quantity of primary prevention programs, how they are presented to pupils. The outcome of research suggests that education at the elementary school is not what it could be. In conclusion, recommendations are made to optimize education in practice. KEYWORDS Health promotion project, prevention, transmission of HIV, HIV infection, AIDS, WHO, sex Education
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Analysis of the retinal nerve fiber layer in hiv positive patients in era of combination antiretroviral treatment
Kožner, Pavel ; Filouš, Aleš (advisor) ; Kalvodová, Bohdana (referee) ; Sedláček, Dalibor (referee)
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and antiretroviral treatment on the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). The RNFL hickness defined by standard parameters(TSNIT average, Superior average and Inferior average) was assessed in 48 HIV positive patients using scanning laser polarimeter, GDx VCC device. Results were compared to normal values and tested against factors suspected to affect the RNFL thickness. The mean values of the RNFL standard parameters were for TSNIT average, Superior average and Inferior average, 57,65 ± 6,18 m, 69,38 ± 8,34 m, 68,89 ± 9,50 m respectively, in our cohort. The RNFL thinning was not confirmed in our HIV positive group compared to values on healthy population. No significant correlation between the RNFL thickness and the immune profile or antiretroviral therapy was detected. However, a significant negative correlation between the RNFL thickness with increasing duration of HIV infection was foundin our study that is hypothesized to be possibly on an immune pathological basis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Contribution of gag region to overall HIV replicative fitness in patients with different disease progression
Suchý, Tomáš ; Weber, Jan (advisor) ; Šmahel, Michal (referee)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is globally spread virus without available cure. Since its life-long presence, virus is carefully monitored as well as patient's immunological status. Replicative fitness of the virus is one of important aspects which can be taken into account, when monitoring HIV. Here, we are measuring HIV replicative fitness of gag recombinant viruses and comparing the results with replicative fitness of primary isolates. Further, we are comparing our findings of replicative fitness change over time with disease progression in the patient. We found that gag can be major contributor to overall fitness, although not in all cases. Additionally, we observed a correlation of replicative fitness development and slope of patient's CD4+ T cells. Moreover, this relation was even more noticeable in patients with slow disease progression or in carriers of protective alleles. In summary, our results extend the understanding of replicative fitness and its role in disease progression; and pave the way to use the recombinant HIV for replicative fitness measurement in clinical practice. Keywords: HIV, replicative fitness, recombinant virus, HIV disease progression, gag
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Innovative method of HIV/AIDS prevention in high schools
Peterková, Julie ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
A B S T R A C T Almost every day each of us can read or hear in the media a lot of distorted information concerning HIV or AIDS. Therefore it is necessary to have knowledge about the possible risks of HIV transmission and all ways the HIV can be transferred. These attitudes and preventive measures of knowledge should be developed in high school students who are experiencing very rapid physical and psychosocial growth. Sufficient amount of information available in the problem group of 15-24 year olds has a positive impact on their sexual behavior and thus on prevention. My research methods of knowledge about HIV were done in two schools, one is an eight-year high school, where 24 students of fifth year were questioned and second is a four- year high school, where 24 students of first year were questioned. I used a cross-sectional pre-test and post-test. Students of the fifth year were taken deeper into the problems through creation of posters on topics connected with the problem of HIV. The aim of my research is to develop proposals for the scientific conference, which will be lead by the students and will be accompanied by the created images (posters). This is a non-violent way of repeating the HIV prevention. Creating a pre-test and post-test to determine the extent of knowledge gained after completing the...
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The Magnitude of Governance in Addressing HIV/AIDS Problems in Ethiopia
Balcha, Daniel Messele ; Potůček, Martin (advisor) ; Frič, Pavol (referee) ; Kumsa, Alemayehu (referee)
This case study seeks to understand the scope of governance in addressing HIV/AIDS issues in Ethiopia by making use of HIV/AIDS partnership forums that exist in the country. All individuals representing the government sector, the NGO sector, the for profit sector and HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office (HAPCO) both at the national level and in the three regions namely Oromia Region, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) and Addis Ababa have been interviewed. Additional data were gathered using a PARTNER tool survey and also relevant documents have been analyzed. The social capital and governance theories create a framework where actors enjoy partnerships and use the benefits in both policy making and implementation. With the help of a problem tree and thematic analysis the study describes the causal effect relationship of the factors affecting partnerships and their ultimate consequence in maximizing social capital and governance. Accordingly, the thesis identifies the specific effects of the 2009 law on partnership endeavors in particular and HIV/AIDS policy implementation in general. Moreover, the study points out the existence of insufficient partnership in both decision making and policy implementation.
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Contemporary Czech Sexology and Homosexuality
Mašková, Johana ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Kolářová, Kateřina (referee)
7 ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on a textual analysis of articles in the field of sexology, which were published in the Czech Republic after 1989. It will examine through both quantitative and qualitative methods, how authors of sexological articles defined the term homosexuality and worked with it, as well as explore their varying approaches to the topic depending on context. The thesis will ask whether the sexological discourse about homosexuality has changed after the fall of the communist regime, and if it has, in what ways. Keywords: AIDS/HIV, biologization, coming out, discourse, essentialization, gay, gender, heteronormativity, homosexuality, lesbian, medicalization, registered partnership, sexualization, sexology, stereotype, stigmatization, taboo, victimization
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The impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour in South Africa
Šustová, Šárka ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the impact of HIV/AIDS on the reproductive behaviour of population of South Africa, its four racial groups and its nine provinces since the half of 1980's. Before the analysis of the impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour was made, it was shown how big the problem of HIV/AIDS is in South Africa. The HIV incidence and prevalence were used for this purpose. The impact of HIV/AIDS was noticeable from the comparison of levels of fertility between HIV positive and negative women. The impact of HIV/AIDS on reproductive behaviour was further assessed using the decomposition methods and the statistical and epidemiological indicator called population attributable change. The results of analyses revealed the exceptional position of South Africa between other African countries that suffer from HIV/AIDS as well. A regression analysis showed that the growing prevalence of HIV increases the overall level of fertility. At the end of the thesis the projection of fertility till 2030 was made to illustrate the theoretical development of fertility provided that nobody become infected with HIV since the beginning of 2010.
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