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The Analysis of Mortality in the Czech Republic
Lorencová, Šárka ; Langhamrová, Jana (advisor) ; Fiala, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to analyze mortality in the Czech Republic and compare it with mortality in the European Union and some european countries. This study was based on few mortality indicators, mostly on the life expectancy at birth. Life tables for the European Union and for the Czech Republic were designed for this purpose, using data from Eurostat and Czech Statistical Office. Life expectancy at birth was used for the analysis of mortality development in the Czech Republic from 1990's until now, where the subject of research was the time series of life expectancy at birth in period 1990-2014 for men and women. Thesis is also devoted to a comparation of mortality in the Czech Republic and three european countries from quite a different point of view. The aim of this analysis is to discover whether the mortality of some countries is influenced by the nearby sea. Life expectancy at birth was the main used indicator again together with life expectancy at the age of 65 years. Italy, Greece and Croatia were the analysed countries. Another part of this thesis is dealing with the idea of possible influence of accession to the European Union on the mortality in the Czech Republic. Infant mortality time series were used for this analysis, as well as time series of life expectancy at birth for men and women. The development of these indicators was analysed in graphs and with the help of time series characteristics. There is also a description of possible future development of Czech Republic's mortality in this thesis, based on the projection of mortality from Eurostat database - the main scenario and the higher life expectancy variant. The development of each mortality indicator is illustrated by a number of graphs and some tables. This thesis also includes methodical instructions for calculation of mortality rates, time series characteristics and detailed decsription of life table designing.
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Vývoj střední délky života a dlouhověkosti v ČR
Fridrichová, Barbora ; Miskolczi, Martina (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes trends in life expectancy of long-living people in the Czech Republic. Aim of this study is to compare developments in life expectancies for long-living people in the Czech Republic and Austria between 1960-2014, both in terms of predetermined age groups and between both sexes. This work also includes a projection of mortality rates and life expectancy. Projections are calculated for year 2050, specifically for people of 60 years and older, and it is based on mortality projections from the Czech Statistical Office. Values are given for men and women separately. While calculations and estimates show that life expectancy is extending, it impacts most developed countries with the burden of aging population, manifested by overal decline in mortality rates and increasing amount of elderly people. Historically in most societies an 80 year old, or older person was a rarity, but in recent years their number is increasing to the point of being a new normal. This trend is obviously positive, but it does pose a number of challenges for the respective societies, especially for their pension, social security and medical systems.
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An analysis of colorectal cancer occurrence in the Czech Republic
Jechová, Zuzana ; Helman, Karel (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jitka (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is an analysis of colorectal cancer occurrence in the Czech Republic between 1977 and 2013 and to provide the reader the collection, classification and sources of cancer data. This thesis deals with number of new cases and deaths in each year and their age and sex structure. It also research the impact of deaths from these diseases on life expectancy using single decrement abridged life tables. Finally, trying to predict the value of basic indicators in 2018 thought trend functions and exponential smoothing. The analysis shows that the increase in the number of new cases and deaths have recently begun to stagnate or fall slightly. Disease burded on older people are more men than women. In the case of suppression of deaths from these diseases it will elongate life expectancy in a matter of months. The predictions shows that the number of new cases and deaths will decrease annualy. Based on the data it would be possible to plan specific focus of population screening and structure of health care spending in this area in the next few years.
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Analysis of Mortality in the Czech Republic in 1950s, 1960s and 1970s
Jičínský, Jaroslav ; Mazouch, Petr (advisor) ; Pechholdová, Markéta (referee)
Changes in mortality behavior in 1950s-1970s pose a fluctuation of Czech population's mortality trend and still have an impact on current level of life expectancy. The thesis focuses on mortality process in that period from cross-sectional and longitudinal approach and tries to identify how the mortality changes affected age intervals older than 30 and influenced cohorts which were in these age intervals in observed period. In the thesis Arriaga's decomposition method was used for quantification of mortality changes in particular age intervals and their affect on changes of life expectancy. The obtained results show that mostly age groups older than 60 were more sensitive to mortality fluctuations.
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The length of receiving of an old-age pension in european countries
Gallová, Jana ; Šimková, Martina (advisor) ; Kozelský, Tomáš (referee)
The current pension reform is expected to increase retirement age. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to compare the life expectancy with age of retirement in selected European countries.This bachelor's thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and is focused on characterization of the current situation in Europe in terms of pension reform. It also explains terms used in connection with age of retirement. The second part is analytical. In this part life expectancy, age of retirement and healthy life expectancy are compared. It is focused on the length of receiving of an old-age pension.
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The Development of Mortality in the Czech Republic and Neighboring European Countries
Matějková, Karolína ; Dotlačilová, Petra (advisor) ; Fučíková, Simona (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyze the development of mortality in the Czech Republic and to compare it with development in neighboring countries during period 1960-2012. The first part characterizes basic mortality indicators and describes an algorithm for calculating life tables. The life tables is calculated in the second part based on data from EUROSTAT and the Human Mortality Database. The thesis is devoted to a detailed analysis of infant mortality and its effect on life expectancy. This thesis is also focused on the life expectancy paradox. In the final part of the thesis life expactancy, median length of life and normal age of death are compared.
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Ageing of population in countries of the Visegrad Group
Vránová, Michaela ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (advisor) ; Fučíková, Simona (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with ageing of population in countries of the Visegrad Group. The thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first one, are introduced general indicators and terms connected with ageing of population. The second chapter includes graphs which are related to life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in the countries of the Visegrad Group. Further there are graphically illustrated demographic indicators related to ageing of population -- ageing index, dependency ratios, economic dependency ratio and average age. The third and final chapter deals wih population ageing, pension schemes in the countries given and also contains a proposal for possible modification of pension schemes. The goal of this thesis is a description and comparison of ageing in the countires of the Visegrad Group by the demographic indicators and also a suggestion of a possible solution in terms of pension schemes. All necessary data for calculation and graph creation were have been taken from the Eurostat database.
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The development of mortality in Western European countries and former Eastern Bloc countries
Zahrádková, Dita ; Dotlačilová, Petra (advisor) ; Fučíková, Simona (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse and compare the development of mortality in Western European countries and former Eastern Bloc countries from 1960 to 2013. The theoretical part describes basic indicators of mortality and algorithm for calculation of complete life tables. Age-specific death rates which are part of the life tables were equalized by using moving averages and Gompertz-Makeham function. The practical part of this thesis focuses on comparing selected countries in terms of development of infant mortality rate without distinction of sex. However, the development of infant mortality rate is also traced separately for boys and for girls here thanks to which we can watch changes in the trend of male's excess mortality. This thesis also includes comparison of life expectancy development at birth and life expectancy at higher ages in individual countries and finds out the influence of the communist regime on selected demographic indicators.
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Comparison of mortality in the Czech Republic and in other countries of the European Union
Tětěruková, Šárka ; Fiala, Tomáš (advisor) ; Miskolczi, Martina (referee)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is comparing the mortality in the Czech Republic to other countries in the European Union between 1960 and 2010. In the introductory part fundamental indicators and calculations related to the mortality are described. An important part of the bachelor thesis is focused on the analysis of infant mortality evolution (without distinction of gender) and life expectancy at birth, at the ages of 25 and 65 (with the distinction of each gender). States are divided into 4 observed groups -- "west", "north", "east" and "south". This division of European states was acquired from United Nations (UN), which uses it for statistical purposes. The main source of data for processing the graphs is the Human Mortality Database, missing data is completed from the Eurostat's database. Finally, a prediction of life expectancy at birth is carried out up to the year 2080, based on the projection of population development from Eurostat's database in 2013. The thesis provides comprehensive information about the dissimilarity of mortality in the defined groups of states.
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Healthy life expectancy
Bobeková, Simona ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
The thesis is intented to explain the concept of healthy life expectancy and the analysis of this indicator. In the first chapter, there is focus on clarification of terms needed to understand the meaning of the healthy life expectancy and the methods of calculating this indicator. In the second chapter, there is attention is paid to development of healthy life expectancy in the Czech Republic and selected European countries. The aim of this work is also to compare healthy life expectancy to life expectancy and to compare differences in results between males and females. By constructing graphs and tables, conclusion of the work is that healthy life expectancy and life expectancy are extending, women in Czech Republic have both of these expectancies longer than men, but there are only small differences between healthy life years of men and women.
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