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Pregnancy proteins - molecular biological and biochemical analysis
Muravská, Alexandra ; Kalousová, Marta (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to establish methods for selected PAPP-A (Pregnancy- Associated Plasma Protein A) gene polymorphisms analysis and to study genetic background of PAPP-A and biochemical background of PAPP-A and PlGF (Placental Growth Factor) in relation to risk pregnancy. Secondly, the aim was to establish method for two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis of amniotic fluid. Methods for analysis of ten PAPP-A gene polymorphisms were established. These polymorphisms, PAPP-A and PlGF levels were studied in together 165 women in third trimester pregnancies complicated with threatening preterm labor (n=98), preeclampsia (n=35), IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction) (n=34) and ICP (Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy) (n=15). 114 healthy pregnant women served as controls. The method for 2D electrophoresis of amniotic fluid was established. Preeclamptic patients had significantly higher frequency of TT genotype of Cys327Cys (C/T) PAPP-A gene polymorphism compared to controls. Patients with ICP had increased serum levels of PAPP-A compared to controls, in patients with threatening preterm labor PAPP-A levels were rather decreased. PlGF levels did not differ from control group in patients with ICP and threatening preterm labor. Positive correlation was found between PAPP-A and PlGF in group of...
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The Use of Thromboelastography in Evaluation of Coagulation in Fenmales with Physiologial or Pathological Pregnancy
Polák, Ferdinand ; Závada, Josef (advisor) ; Dyr, Jan (referee) ; Feyereisl, Jaroslav (referee)
The Use of Thromboelastography in Evaluation of Coagulation in Females with Physiological or Pathological Pregnancy MUDr. Ferdinand Polák Abstract Introduction: The target of this study was to compare thromboelastography coagulation parameters in the following three groups: a) healthy pregnant women, b) healthy non-pregnant women and c) pregnant women with pathological pregnancy and also to compare it to reference limits for the common population. If appropriate, we would propose recommendations for new reference ranges for pregnant women in their third trimester. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study, comparing, by using thromboelastography, the blood samples of 60 healthy women in their third trimester of pregnancy (group GRAV) to the samples of the control group of 43 healthy non-pregnant fertile women (group NON-GRAV) and to the samples of 50 women with pathological pregnancy (preeclampsia, fetal death) in their third trimester (group PATOL). Selective percentiles were used to determine new reference limits. Results and conclusions: We found statistically significant differences between groups GRAV and NON-GRAV. Therefore, we established, based on our results, new thromboelastography reference limits for pregnant women. Coagulation changes during pathological pregnancy are less...
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Postnatal screening of cardiovascular microRNAs in children descending from pregnancy-related complications
Semencová, Andrea ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
Children descending from pregnancy complicated by gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction have a lifelong increased risk of development of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the expression profile of 29 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular microRNAs in children at the age of 3 to 11 years. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules affecting gene expression by posttranscriptional modifications of mRNA, which affects biological processes. Abnormal microRNA levels can lead to pathological conditions of the individual. This study explores the relationship between dysregulated microRNA levels in whole peripheral venous blood of children and the presence of complications during pregnancy. Furthermore, this study looks at expression profile specificities depending on the presence of pathology in the child's cardiovascular system, as found in a clinical examination consisting of BMI assessment and evaluation, blood pressure testing and ultrasound examination of the heart. Dysregulated profile was present in children with gestational hypertension in miR-1-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p and miR-499-5p. In children with preeclampsia, dysregulation was found with miR-1-3p and...
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First-trimester screening of pregnancy-related complications using plasma exosomal C19MC microRNAs
Špačková, Kamila ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Daňková, Pavlína (referee)
Pregnancy-related complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus, spontaneous preterm birth, and preterm premature rupture of membranes may have severe consequences for both the mother and the child. The development of reliable early screening methods for pregnancy-related complications has therefore been a long-term goal of obstetrics. New possibilities for prenatal diagnostics have opened with the discovery of circulating microRNAs in maternal plasma. MicroRNAs are short, noncoding, 21 to 23 nucleotides long, single-strand RNAs whose main function is to regulate gene expression. During pregnancy, both common and unique miRNAs are expressed by the placenta, amongst them the miRNAs of the C19MC cluster. Several C19MC miRNAs have been shown to display a different expression profile associated with certain pregnancy-related complications. This thesis identifies the plasma exosomal profiles of six C19MC miRNAs (miR-516-5p, miR-517-5p, miR-518b, miR-520a-5p, miR-520h, and miR-525-5p) in patients in their first trimester of gestation who later developed pregnancy-related complications, and compares them with profiles in patients with normal pregnancies.
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The role of neutrophils in preeclampsia
Miková, Eliška ; Hrdý, Jiří (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
Preeclampsia is currently one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Disease development is caused by multiple factors but the main trigger remains unknown. Preeclamptic placentas are defined by increased inflammatory environment. One of the first cells to enter the site of inflammation are neutrophils. Current studies uncover considerable heterogeneity of neutrophils which used to be considered as terminally differentiated population with a very limited plasticity. Disbalance in the proportional and functional properties of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive neutrophil subpopulations including myeloid derived suppressor cells can lead to severe pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia. Better understanding of the origin of abnormal neutrophil subpopulations and their role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia could help reveal possible targets for therapeutic intervention. Key words: neutrophil subpopulations, preeclampsia, NETosis, myeloid derived suppressor cells, myeloperoxidase, elastase, PD-L1, inflammation
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Postpartal expression profile of cardiovascular microRNAs with regard to occurrence of pregnancy-related complications - study on mothers 3-10 years after the delivery
Marvanová, Veronika ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression of cardiovascular miRNAs in peripheral blood of mothers after delivery. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which significantly modulate posttranscriptional adjustments of mRNA and thus regulate gene expression across biological processess. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with many pathological phenomena, thanks that we can use them for diagnosis and potentionaly we can treat these diseases by the manipulation of miRNA gene expression. We examined gene expression of circulating miRNAs associated with cardiovascular diseases, and we investigated, how the expression profile depends on pregnancy course and manifestation of pregnancy-related complications. For this purpose we examined material from 221 mothers 3-10 years after delivery. A group with identical pregnancy-related complication was always compared with a group of mothers after physiological pregnancy. Gene expression of 29 cardiovascular miRNAs in peripheral blood was studied using reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. It was confirmed, that the expression profile of miRNAs differed between pregnancy-related complications and physiological controls. We also confirmed, that the profile of gene expression discovered at mothers 3-10 years after delivery was different...
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The expression profile of cardiovascular disease associated microRNAs in pregnancies with clinical manifestation of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction
Bohatá, Jana ; Hromadníková, Ilona (advisor) ; Korabečná, Marie (referee)
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding 21-23 nucleotides long one strand RNAs. They are among the major posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression that regulate both physiological and pathological processes. Some of microRNAs, amount of their expression respectively, are specific only for certain type of tissue or pathological condition. The hypothesis for my diploma thesis was that gene expression of 28 cardiovascular disease associated microRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR- 20a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-100-5p, miR-103a-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-130b-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181-5p, miR-195-5p, miR- 199a-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-342-3p, miR-499a-5p, miR-574-3p) would differ in umbilical cord blood between groups of women with physiological pregnancies (FG), gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriciton (FGR). The studied cohort consisted of 184 pregnant women involving 44 controls, 47 GH pregnancies, 56 PE pregnancies and 37 FGR pregnancies. Relative quantification of microRNAs was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed a trend to miR-195-5p down-regulation in umbilical cord blood of GH patients. On the other hand, mild PE...
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The specifics of nursing care in women with preeclampsia
PIKLOVÁ, Žaneta
The bachelor thesis is called Specifics of Midwife Care for a Woman with Preeclampsia. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and research part. The theoretical part is devoted to pregnancy itself and its division into physiological, risky and pathological pregnancy. It also describes morning gestosis, what are it's difficulties it and how it manifests itself. This bachelor thesis also deals with late gestotis, with it'sdefinition and with criterias for it's diagnosis. Subsequently, the theoretical part deals with women with preeclampsia, where preeclampsia is described. Above al lit describes, its etiology, symptoms, risk factors as well as its diagnosis and prevention. In the theoretical part, the care provided by the midwife for a woman with preeclampsia is shown. Also, the theoretical work presents and describes complications that can occur during pregnancy with preeclampsia. The termination of the theoretical work involves the education of a woman with preeclampsia by a midwife, where the definition of education is illustrated and its principles are described. This bachelor's thesis goal is to find out what is included in the specific care of midwives for a woman with preeclampsia. Two research questions have been asked: How do midwife provide care to women with preeclampsia? What are the expectations of pregnant women in provided midwifery care? A qualitative research survey was carried out using deep individual semi-structured interviews. These were conducted with nine pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia and with eight midwives. Pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia as well as midwives were informed about the topic before the interview and were explained the purpose of the interview. Pregnant women and midwives have been assured to maintain anonymity and to handle the information obtained in accordance with ethical rights and standards. For the semi-structured interview, prepared questions were planned for both women diagnosed with preeclampsia and midwives. In the course of the interview, the information was continuously written and then anonymized. On the basis of the information obtained, the interview was divided into categories and their subcategories. Three main categories were selected for pregnant women with preeclampsia. The first category carries the Expectation of women, with subcategory Fulfilling Women's Expectations from the Midwife. The second category Women's Knowledge focused on the information received by pregnant women with preeclampsia from midwives or how they searched for information. The third category identified the need for a pregnant women with preeclampsia and whether obstetricians' efforts were obvious to return disrupted needs. Two main categories were selected for midwives. The first category, called Knowledge of Midwives, focuses on whether midwives can describe the symptoms of preeclampsia and its complications. The second category Care Provision focuses on the specific care of midwives for pregnant women with preeclampsia and their needs.
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Use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of preeclampsia and eclampsia
Beránková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Patková, Anna (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Hana Beránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Title of the bachelor thesis: Use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of preeclampsia and eclampsia Aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis was to gain an overview of preeclampsia, to summarize the findings of laboratory examinations for the diagnosis of this disease and to focus on the biochemical markers necessary to recognize the disease. Main findings: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disease, which today is a major complication of pregnancy. Because of the undetermined etiology, neither the prediction nor the diagnosis of this disease is simple. The levels of some biomarkers, measurable in both blood and urine, make it easier to recognize the approaching disease before the first clinical manifestations. However, there is no factor that would reliably determine whether it is preeclampsia. Therefore, combinations of different markers are currently used. Conclusion: The number of markers shown here proves that it is not easy to define the most reliable ones. Today, physicians choose methods to investigate angiogenic factors and the ratio of soluble fms like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor...
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