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Functional assessment of motor activities of patients after brain damage before and after intensive rehabilitation intervention (with the goal to obtain restoration of upper arm physiological functions)
Sládková, Petra ; Švestková, Olga (advisor) ; Jeřábek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kozler, Petr (referee)
6 Abstract The rehabilitation of patients with brain damage is an interprofessional, complex, intensive, long-lasting and individually oriented process. One frequent consequence of brain damage is hemiparesis, which also causes a disorder of the upper extremity movement pattern. The movement ability of the upper extremity is essential for an individual's self-sufficiency, the performance of common daily activities, and thus for an independent life in a family setting. Special therapeutic rehabilitation approaches should involve the training of new activities, including the motor learning mechanism that activates brain plasticity. A functional reorganization of the motor cortex occurs along with the activation of reserve neurons and the replacement of damaged synapses. One of the aims of this work was to demonstrate, using objective function methods, the possibility of influencing the movement patterns of a paretic upper extremity by means of intensive interprofessional rehabilitation even several years after the brain damage. The second aim was to demonstrate that the monitoring of motor functions in patients after brain damage leads to improved motivation, thereby improving motor functions. A study was conducted among 55 selected patients after brain damage with central hemiparesis who participated in the...
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Using means of physical therapy to influence spasticity from the physiotherapist 's point of view
Bouzková, Gabriela Natálie ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Matolínová, Vendula (referee)
The theme of the bachelor thesis is using means of physical therapy to influence spasticity from the physiotherapeutist's point of view. Theoretical part describes upper motor neuron syndrome and spasticity as one of its symptoms. Further it states methods of evaluation and options of influence of spasticity including latest research methods. Separate chapter is dedicated to the physical therapy, its impact on human organism and means used to treat spasticity. In the practical part the influence of cryotherapy on spasticity of upper limb of two patients after brain injury is examined. Efficiency is measured by Tardieu scale and goniometry. Main contribution of the thesis lies in gathering and analyzing of present findings, mainly on the field of physical therapy. The practical part then confirms positive effect of cryotherapy but recommends further research. Key words: spasticity, upper motor neuron syndrome, brain injury, physical therapy, cryotherapy
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The Use of Orthesis at Patients Suffering from Spastic Dystonia
Pekárková, Martina ; Šebek, Milan (advisor) ; Jakovcová, Karolína (referee)
OF BACHELOR'S THESIS Name, surname: Martina Pekárková Thesis supervisor: Ing. Milan Šebek The second reader: Title of bachelor's thesis: The Use of Orthesis at Patients Suffering from Spastic Dystonia Abstract of bachelor's thesis: The theme of this bachelor's thesis is the use of orthesis at patients suffering from spastic dystonia. The thesis consists of the theoretical and practical part. The most common causes of spastic dystonia are mentioned in the theoretical part. The key chapters of the thesis are Spastic Dystonia and Treatment. In the last chapter of the theoretical part, which deals with orthotics, its particular types and their functional use are described. The practical part of the thesis is compiled with regard to doing research based on foreign studies. Orthesis are specified on the basis of the static and dynamic use. Relevant studies were analysed and based on their results it may be said that static orthesis are not significant for their use. The application of dynamic orthesis is debatable, because in some studies their positive effect on spacticity was proved, while in others it was disproved. For lack of valid literature, in which the effect would be definitely proved or disproved, it is necessary to do some more research. The purpose of this thesis was to gather and unify...
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Mapping people's awareness of possibility of home physiotherapy after acquired brain damage
Vadkertiová, Monika ; Chalupská, Tereza (advisor) ; Jakovcová, Karolína (referee)
Title: Mapping people's awareness of possibility of home physiotherapy after acquired brain damage My bachelor's thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part contains information about stroke, about subsequent rehabilitation and about home physiotherapy. Stroke is one of the most common acquired brain damages and many patients just after the stroke remain at home with permanent consequences. Physiotherapy is one of the basic elements of neurorehabilitation of these patients. The greatest effort of physiotherapists for these persons is to increase mobility to the highest possible level, return to self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on others. Home physiotherapy has a great benefit in improving the quality of life of these patients. The main theme and aim of the practical part is to map the awareness of people after acquired brain damages, after release and mainly about the possibility of home physiotherapy. The practical part is realized in the form of an anonymous questionnaire for these persons. The result of my survey showed that more than half of the interviewed respondents did not have information of the possibility of using home physiotherapy. Key words: home physiotherapy, discharging patients, patient's awareness, brain damage, stroke
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Structural changes in model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat
Slotta, Michal ; Otáhal, Jakub (advisor) ; Riljak, Vladimír (referee)
Title: Structural changes in model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat Objectives: The aim of the research is to develop a model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a rat that would represent perinatal injury in a human and then histologically differentiate the most commonly damaged cerebral structures. Methods: This is an experimental study. Five laboratory rats underwent hypoxic-ischemic conditions causing encephalopathy according to the Rice-Vannucci model. The control group representing the other five rats underwent hypoxia for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, the animals were returned to their mother. 48 hours later, cerebral perfusion, paraffinisation, slicing the brain into sections and followed by applying these sections onto slides. Sections to represent morphological changes and degeneration of neurons were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Fluoro Jade B and immunohistochemically. The sections were then observed and evaluated under a light microscope. Results: Following the onset of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 7-day-old rat pups, damage to the investigated structures was observed in two animals. Other animals in the experimental group exhibited only minor morphological changes in neurons observable in H&E staining. Brains of the control group were intact. Keywords: necrosis,...
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Clinical utility of Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test in Patients after Brain Damage
Šimková, Klára ; Krivošíková, Mária (advisor) ; Bolceková, Eva (referee)
OF DIPLOMA THESIS Title of diploma thesis: Clinical Utility of Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test in Patients after Brain Damage Objective: The main goal of this diploma thesis was to monitor the relationship between memory functions measured by the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT-3) and their subsequent influence on occupational performance in ADL (pADL) in patients after brain damage. The partial objective was to determine whether self-sufficiency in ADL can be predicted from RBMT-3 results. The last partial goal was to create a working version of the RBMT-3 and translate it from the original English version. Methods: The research group consisted of 40 probands (22 males and 18 females) after brain damage. For data collection, the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT-3) for assessing the memory function level was used. FIM (version 5.2) was used for evaluating the level of occupational performance in ADL (pADL). Hypothesis verification was performed by correlation analysis and corrected Spearman's correlation coefficient and p-values. For this pre- research, the level of significance α1 < 0.05 and α2 < 0.01 was chosen. Results: The pre-research did not confirm the dependence between the RBMT-3 memory level and the level of self-sufficiency measured by FIM. The P value (p = 0.526) from the...
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Clinical utility of Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test in Patients after Brain Damage
Šimková, Klára ; Krivošíková, Mária (advisor) ; Bolceková, Eva (referee)
OF DIPLOMA THESIS Title of diploma thesis: Clinical Utility of Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test in Patients after Brain Damage Objective: The main goal of this diploma thesis was to monitor the relationship between memory functions measured by the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT-3) and their subsequent influence on occupational performance in ADL (pADL) in patients after brain damage. The partial objective was to determine whether self-sufficiency in ADL can be predicted from RBMT-3 results. The last partial goal was to create a working version of the RBMT-3 and translate it from the original English version. Methods: The research group consisted of 40 probands (22 males and 18 females) after brain damage. For data collection, the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT-3) for assessing the memory function level was used. FIM (version 5.2) was used for evaluating the level of occupational performance in ADL (pADL). Hypothesis verification was performed by correlation analysis and corrected Spearman's correlation coefficient and p-values. For this pre- research, the level of significance α1 < 0.05 and α2 < 0.01 was chosen. Results: The pre-research did not confirm the dependence between the RBMT-3 memory level and the level of self-sufficiency measured by FIM. The P value (p = 0.526) from the...
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Aftercare of patients with brain damage
OLIVOVÁ, Tereza
This thesis is focused on the problematics of aftercare in patients with brain damage. The thesis has an informative character and its aim is to introduce the problematics to the readers and give them valuable advices. This topic has come to the fore of the interest of the professional and general public especially in recent years. Partly because numbers of brain damage especially those of the traumas are increasing, but also because of the development of acute medicine, which is nowadays at a very high level, there is an increase in the number of patients who survive brain damage. However, the problem is a large quantity of these patients have permanent consequences, and they and their closest neighbors have to deal with. These permanent consequences are manifested as cognitive impairment, impairment of sensory functions, physical disability and changes in behavior and emotions. Following care in patients with brain damage is a major problem in our country. We see the problem especially in the continuity and availability of care for locally available services and rehabilitation care for these individuals. The continuity of care after the patient is released from the acute bed is very low and sometimes chaotic. To obtain the necessary informations for thesis and to achieve the goals, it was necessary to study a large amount of professional literature. Used sources are specialized Czech and foreign literature, professional journals and articles searched in professional databases. This thesis should show the possible problems of patient aftercare with brain damage. The results of the thesis can be used as a subsidy to professional conferences, seminars or courses to deal with the issue. The thesis could increase public interest about this topic.
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Positive and negative aspects of social work with patients after brain damage in terms of social worker
MANDÁTOVÁ, Kateřina
The thesis is focused on the social work with people after brain damage and is part of the GAJU project called "Coordinated Rehabilitation of Patients after Brain Damage (Reg. No. GAJU 138/2016 / S)". Collaboration with social workers from the region of České Budějovice was part of this thesis. Their work also consists of working with people after brain damage. The purpose of the collaboration was to map out follow-up services after hospitalization of people after brain damage. Information about these organizations has been shared with the patients who were included in the GAJU project. The complex results of the project will be elaborated within the publishing activities. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first - the theoretical part - is focused on the basic description of brain damage, there is more about the cerebral stroke, the coordinated rehabilitation team, the role of the social worker. There is also described the burden that the social worker as a person in the helping profession may face and burnout syndrome as a possible consequence of this burden. In the research part, the main objective was to find out what positives and negatives the social workers perceive in working with people after brain damage. This objective was completed through interviews with the social workers situated in České Budějovice. We can fully understand the extend of the social workers' work with people after brain damage thanks to the interviews. In connection with the goal, research questions have been identified: What are the positive and negative aspects of social work related to work with patient after brain damage according to the subjective opinion of a social worker? Another one: What influences the perception of positives and negatives which the social workers experience during their work? A qualitative research strategy was used, a technique of interviewing with use of instructions was chosen for the interviews with fourteen social workers of the organizations, whose target group also includes people after brain damage. Data was processed in Atlas.ti 7. The administration which is more and more demanding due to the legislation. That results in less time with client and more time with paperwork. Finance which is related to the funding of services, lack of resources for employee remuneration and the financial difficulty for clients. Lack of qualified staff, time consuming activities that are closely tied to the extensive administration and the fact that social workers often work beyond their job responsibilities and competencies. Non-cooperation of a client's family or lack of interest of family on the client, there is also the legislation, which is often in contradiction with practice according to interviews. The social workers have to follow the actual amendments of the law and that is time-consuming and exhausting, absence of follow-up organizations for patients after brain damage, lack of competencies/authority/information of social workers, insufficient motivation, lack of financial remuneration or lack of benefits for employees, conflicts with authorities, barriers that may occur during work of a social worker or insufficient resources. The analysis also reveals that social workers subjectively perceive these positives during their work with patients after brain damage: client satisfaction, helping people, the good feeling after job well done, positive feedback, fulfilling job, positive in relation to the work environment. The results of the thesis show that the positive aspects dominates over the negative ones. Work in a multidisciplinary team has been perceived positively amongst the social workers and beneficial for the clients and for the team. This work will serve as a sub-part for the elaboration of complex outcomes of coordinated rehabilitation of patients after brain damage from the GAJU project. Research results will become part of the publication outputs from the above-mentioned project.
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Use of rhythmic stimulation in physiotherapy in patients with acquired brain damage
Norková, Hana ; Gerlichová, Markéta (advisor) ; Dědková, Miriama (referee)
Title: Use of rhythmic stimulation in physiotherapy in patients with acquired brain damage Abstract: The topic of the bachelor thesis is the use of rhythmic stimulation in physiotherapy in patients with acquired brain damage. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part contains 4 sections. The first section is entirely dedicated to the acquired brain damage. The second section describes the motor system and structures involved in its management. The third section summarizes information related to music therapy, neurological music therapy, rhythmical stimulation in neurological music therapy, music, rhythm and their influence on the human brain. In the last section, the Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance is described in more details, the elements of which are further used in the practical part. The practical part is built on two case studies illustrating two female patients with an upper limb motor disorder caused by cerebral stroke. During the therapeutic sessions with the patients different elements of Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance were applied. Both patients used four musical instruments, accompanied by a metronome and played each of the instruments with some specific movements. The synchronization of the pace with the movements of the upper limbs in...
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