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Eating behaviour and personality traits of obese patients depending on BMI
Smutná, Šarlota ; Konečná, Judita (advisor) ; Žůrková, Pavla (referee)
This thesis analyses relationships and interdependencies between eating behaviour, perso- nality traits, and BMI in obese patients. In 2019, the prevalence of obesity was alarming in the Czech Republic, 77 % of working men and 56 % of working women were overweight or obese. The basis of successful treatment is to know patients very well, their history, indi- vidual habits and characteristics that led to the development of obesity. Eating behaviour and personality traits are important parts of this knowledge. They can help us to under- stand the mechanisms of obesity's development and thus also contribute to efective and individually adjusted treatment. We study eating behaviour by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and personality traits by the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and Beck's Depression and Anxiety Inventory in 598 obese patients (average BMI 44 kg/m2). We split the sample into multiple groups according to the values of BMI to test the diferences between these groups with various methods. Together with correlation coefcients and a linear regression model, we evaluate eating behaviour and personality traits' infuence on BMI. The most important fndings are signifcant diferences between women and men, various correlations of BMI to some personality traits and interdependency...
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Physical activity and structure of the personality of women with sedentary occupation
STAŇKOVÁ, Kateřina
: At present, the lack of physical activity and factors called biosocial correlates are a frequent topic. The female gender is considered one of a negative bisocial correlates so we might expect that men are more active than women. The aim of this work is to realize if personality traits of women affect the amount of their physical activity. A total of fifty women in the age range of 22 to 64 years, having a sedentary work, took part in this survey. These women were writting down their daily physical activity, measured by pedometer Yamax Digiwalker SW-700. This measurement was carried out in two week-long periods on April and October 2019. To examine their personality traits it was used the Big five NEO Personality Inventory, where the results were statistically processed and evaluated under supervision of a psychologist. It has been realized that women who are more extroverted meet the daily 10.000 step goal, but only on weeksdays, so we might consider it a significant positive correlates of physical activity. Women with a hight level of conscientiousness do not meet the physical activity goal. In comparison with women who lack the dominance of trait of conscientiousness, the women with dominance of this trait have lower level of physical activity.Considerating all the findings mentioned above, we might come to a conclusion that the physical activity of women who have a sedentary work does not change.
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Analysis of current views of mutism in specialized Czech and foreign literature
Páleníková, Petra ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Květoňová, Lea (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with mutism from the perspective of specialized czech and foreign literature. The character of the thesis is theoretical and the thesis is divided into three parts. In the first chapter, there is mutism described based on the study of czech specialized literature as well as etiology, symptoms, diagnostics and treatment. The second chapter describes the same categories but based on the study of foreign literature. The last part is dedicated to the analysis and comparison of acquired knowledge in particular areas. The most signifiant differences can be found in the area of diagnostics and therapy of mutisms, which are more elaborated in foreign literature than in Czech literature. Some differences appear in all other areas of mutism. The learning theory is the characteristic feature of foreign literature in the field of etiology of mutism, also the social enxiety is the characteric feature in the area of symptoms and treatment; overall we can see a dominant influence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The Czech literature provides a number of different views not only on the definition of mutism, but also on the etiology and symptomatology. The diagnostics and the therapy of mutism is not further elaborated in the Czech literature.
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Personality traits of individuals addicted to psychoactive substances, alcohol and pathological gamblers
Černá, Veronika ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Procházková, Jana (referee)
anglicky This thesis deals with one of the most important issues of our time. Trying to look for personality structure of individuals dependent on alcohol, psychoactive substances and pathological gamblers. Describes differences in personality structure between the user and the differences between men and women. It is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the present the accessible knowledge in the field of personality-dependent individuals. The empirical part of the work deals with a research carried out at the pavilions of addictions in a psychiatric hospital Prague Bohnice. In the empirical part of the research hypotheses and set goals that are subsequently evaluated. This thesis provides insight into the personality of addicted individuals and their own research conclusions are largely consistent with findings from the literature.
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Do Information Cascades Arise Easier under Time Pressure? Experimantal Approach.
Cingl, Lubomír ; Bauer, Michal (advisor) ; Pertold, Filip (referee)
Information cascades as a form of rational herding help to explain real-life phenomena such as fads, fashion, creation of 'bubbles' in financial markets or conformity in general. In this paper I attempt to model propensity to herd and infer its relationship to time-pressure by conducting a laboratory experiment. I let subjects perform a simple cognitive task under different treatment conditions and levels of time pressure with the possibility to herd. The order of decision-making is endogenous and the task is not probabilistic. Rather, I impose uncertainty of private signal by different levels of time pressure. This is expected to make participants prone to imitate the behavior of others. Apart from that I examine the effect of reputation (also called endorsement effect) as an addition to the public pool of information, which is expected to increase the probability to herd. The main findings are that propensity to herd was not significantly influenced by different levels of time pressure. Information cascades arose, but never in a perfect form. Personality traits measured by the Big Five protocol contribute considerably to the explanation of the model, but their relationship is not straightforward. Heart-rate increased during performance of a task, but was not correlated to subjectively stated...
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Interpersonal Check List as a Tool for Assessing Managerial Potential
Hanuš, David ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Rymeš, Milan (referee)
The aim of this paper is to verify the applicability of Interpersonal Check List for assessing managerial potential, namely leadership potential. The findings of leadership research are summarized and applicability of Interpersonal Check List is theoretically discussed. Available methods for assessing leadership potential are presented, namely personality inventories and Assessment centre methods. Three data sources including 888 respondents in total are used for the analysis. Empirical tests show that employees in leadership positions score higher in several dimensions of Interpersonal Check List, particularly in managerial - autocratic, competitive - exploitive and blunt - aggresive dimensions. The discussion of these findings leads to the conclusion that the mentioned dimensions could be considered as indicators of leadership potential. Interpersonal Check List is a valid instrument for assessing leadership potential. keywords: leadership, leadership potential, Interpersonal Check List, assessment, personality traits, personnel psychology, assessment centre
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Psychological aspects of headache
Tomečková, Sandra ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Najbrtová, Kristina (referee)
This thesis focuses on the psychological aspects of headaches from different perspectives which can affect patient's life. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters. The first one is devoted to the characteristics of different types of headaches and serves as a theoretical-neurologic background for the following chapters focused on the psychological aspects as mentioned. Next chapters are a mainstay of the thesis that deal with the psychological aspects as possible symptoms of headaches; accompanying psychological phenomenas which patient may face while having a pain attack and also psychological consequences of this health problem. The last chapter is dedicated to the co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders with migraine. In the empirical part a research project exploring the correlation of personality traits and headaches is presented. Keywords Headache, migraine, pain, personality traits, stress, psychiatric disorders, quality of life, psychosomatic
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Understanding Corruption Tolerance: Does Personality Matter?
Salmanova, Aygul ; Rodón, Toni (advisor) ; Sekerdej, Kinga (referee)
Attitudes towards corruption have been attributed to a broad range of macro-level and, to a limited extent, micro-level antecedents. Neglected is academic research on the effect of individual-level psychological factors on the attitudes toward corruption. To fill this gap, this article aims to explore the impact of individuals' personality traits on their willingness to justify corrupt acts, drawing on data from World Values Survey Wave 6. By applying fixed effects models, the study finds that two of five personality traits - consciousness and agreeableness are significantly and negatively associated with individuals' willingness to justify corrupt exchanges. Additionally, the study results show that the association between the personality traits and corruption tolerance varies from country to country: openness to experience, for instance, was significantly and negatively associated with corruption tolerance in Germany, whereas this trend was not observed in the Dutch sample. Among the control variables, age and sex were significant predictors of corruption tolerance as well as the Dutch were less willing to justify corrupt acts than Germans. The study provides empirical and practical implications as well as suggestion for future research.
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Personality of owners of high-risk dog breeds
BREJŠOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the personalities of owners of high-risk breeds of dogs. The theoretical part describes a dog as a part of a human life, characterizes high-risk breeds and personality of dog owners, which is based on current research. The practical part consists of a research trying to discover, whether there are statistically significant differences in personality traits of owners of high-risk breeds of dogs and owners of low-risk large breeds of dogs (18 and more kg), owners of low-risk small breeds of dogs (17 and less kg) and a standardized sample. The research sample consists of 739 respondents aged 21-30 years. The data was collected by an improbable selection method through a social network. Personality traits were measured by the Eysenck EPQ-R and IVE personality questionnaires. The EPQ-R questionnaire consists of 106 items that measure a range of psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism, lies, addiction and criminality. The IVE questionnaire consists of 54 items that measure the range of impulsivity, adventure and empathy. The research results did not support the theoretical background. Only differences in personality traits were confirmed in female owners of high-risk breeds of dogs. Women owners of high-risk breeds of dogs showed a lower level of psychoticism and neuroticism compared to the standardized sample and a lower level of neuroticism compared to owners of low-risk small breeds of dogs. Furthermore, these women evinced a higher level of extraversion compared to the owners of low-risk large breeds of dogs and low-risk small breeds of dogs. Testing also revealed that owners of high-risk breeds of dogs have a lower level of empathy compared to a standardized sample. There were no statistically significant differences in male dog owners.
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Physical activity and personality structure of women of working age
MIZON, Ruby
The amount of physical activity is usually determined by various factors, so-called biosocial correlates. The female gender is one of the negative correlates. This is why we may presume that women will be less active in comparison with men. The objective of this bachaleor thesis was to determine if personality traits influence the level of physical activity. For these research purposes, 40 randomly selected women in the ages of 20-54 years were picked to contribute with the research. The measurement of physical activity was done with Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometer, which was used by the participants for one whole week in two terms - in May and October 2018. The pedometer showed the total amount of steps per day. The total weekly physical activity was written into a given sheet that recorded all needed information. Establishing personality traits was done with the "Big Five NEO five-factor personal inventory". The data ware stastisticaly processed and evaluated. All psychological data was processed in presence of a psychologist. The results showed, that women that accomplished the norm of health-oriented physical activity (10000 steps a day) showed higher domination in the following personality traits: conscientiousness and extraversion. Women in the age group 20-34 are more active and have lower BMI than women in the age group 35-54. There was no difference in the amount of physical activity amongst women with a dominant personality trait compared with women without a dominant personality trait.
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