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Centre for Prevention, Masaryk Oncology Institute in Brno
Lanžhotská, Klára ; Páterová, Kateřina (referee) ; Sládeček, Svatopluk (advisor)
Assignment of diploma thesis is a design of the Prevention center building and expansion of Radiation oncology clinic in Masaryk oncological institution in Brno. The newly build complex should contain aggregate facility for preventive examinations including screening section, advisory centers and center for proton therapy. Another components will also be an inpatient ward, personnel facilites, apartments for employees and rentable units. The purpose of creation of a new prevention center is an increase in capacity for carrying out prevention within commerical programme and also during taking care of people with increased risk of occurence of a malignant tumor.
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Terapeutické monoklonální protilátky v nádorovém léčbě
Danišová, Terezie
In recent years, therapy with monoclonal antibodies has been increasingly used in clinical practice. Treatment based on these antibodies has a wide range of advantages over classical therapeutic procedures such as chemotherapy, including reduced side effects. Their greatest advantage is their specificity towards cancer cells, which does not damage surrounding healthy cells. The aim of this compilation work is to summarize and present the molecular basis of tu-mour development and the processes that monoclonal antibodies suppress, stimulate, and contribute to stopping tumour progression. This compilation work provides a basic literary over-view of carcinogenesis at the molecular level, which is necessary for understanding the princi-ples on which monoclonal antibodies function. This work later focuses on monoclonal antibodies, their mechanism of action, and production techniques.
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Biologic drug (biologics) Consumption in Czech Republic II
Farkašová, Veronika ; Horký, Pavel (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
Consumption of biologic drugs (biologics) in the Czech Republic Author: Veronika Farkašová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Jozef Malý, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction: Biological treatment is modern alternative to chemotherapeutics especially in patients with difficult-to-treat diseases of autoimmune origin, as well as patients with other diseases as is cancer. They are heavily used in oncology for their wide range of indications. They are used as a monotherapy as well as in combination with traditional chemotherapy. Use of biological treatment can reduce the amount of treatment cycles of chemotherapy and reduce unwanted adverse effects. Objective: The aim of the diploma theasis was to analyze the consumption of biologigal treatment rituximab, bevacizumab, cetuximab and alemtuzumab. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the consumption of biosimilars rituximab, bevacizumab, cetuximab and alemtuzumab was performed from 1. 1. 2010 to 31. 12. 2020. The selection of specific biosimilars was made on the basis of their wide indication spectrum. Consumption data were obtained from the database of the State Institute for Drug Control (SÚKL). Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. Consumption, given in the number...
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Analysis of Cancer-Associated Protein Mutations
Borko, Simeon ; Martínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Musil, Miloš (advisor)
PredictSNP ONCO is a web tool that analyses the impact of protein mutations on the development of oncological diseases. The tool integrates several bioinformatics tools and provides the result of its own predictor, which classifies mutations as oncogenic or benign. Apart from that, PredictSNP ONCO provides the results of a virtual screening of drugs that could inhibit the function of affected proteins. The web interface is freely available at https://loschmidt.chemi.muni.cz/predictsnp-onco/.
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NURSING CARE OF CANCER PATIENTS WITH HAEMATOPOIESIS DISORDER IN CONNECTION WITH ANTITUMOR CHEMOTHERAPY
BENEŠOVÁ, Petra
Abstract The aim of this thesis was to find the specifics of nursing care of cancer patients with haematopoiesis disorder in connection with antitumor chemotherapy and to map out the compliance with the specific measures for haematopoiesis disorder as a result of chemotherapy. We also focused on complications which emerged with administering chemotherapy, patient education about regime measures and on patient evaluation of the nurses' nursing care and their cooperation. Methodology and research file: to meet the target, a qualitative research was used in the form of semi-structured interview with the nurses and patients. The results of the interviews were analysed with the help of open coding with the pencil-paper method and subsequently divided into categories with subcategories. For nurses 3 categories with 4 subcategories were created and for patients 5 categories with 2 subcategories. The first research file consisted of twelve nurses working in oncology departments of five hospitals in the Czech Republic. The second research unit consisted of seven patients chosen with deliberate selection method. The results: It was found that the nurse in the care of cancer patients with haematopoiesis disorder works as a provider of barrier nursing care. The nurse takes the role of an educator during the application of chemotherapy and during the discharge of the patient into home healthcare, when she informs the patient about the need to comply with the specific measures which are diet regime, limited contact only to immediate family, the unsuitability of visiting restaurants, specific habits and using respiratory protection. All of the patients agreed that they try to follow the recommended regime measures. Simultaneously, they evaluated the measures as limiting both in work and personal life. The results for practice: The result of this research can be a theme for creating a information brochure for cancer patients or a topic for an educational seminar for nurses discussing this issue.
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Possibilities of pulmonary rehabilitation for oncological patients after lung resections
ŠVEC, Martin
The lung carcinom is one of the most common types of cancer in male population of the Czech Republic. The usual signs are chest pain, stuffiness, hoarseness and coughing. Lobectomy is usually done to the patients with smaller tumors. It is important to ensure the right preoperative education of the excercises. The priority after the operation is pain therapy, removal of the increased amount of phlegm, support of expectoration, improvement of the ventilation parameters and prevention of post-operative complications. The selected objective of this thesis was to map the problematics of pulmonary rehabilitation of oncological patients after lung resections and also to suggest an approach to the pulmonary rehabilitation of oncological patients after lung resections. The theoretical part describes the anatomy of primary and auxiliary respiratory muscles, the characteristics of the lung carcinoma and its chirurgical therapy and the techniques of pulmonary rehabilitations including different physiotherapeutic concepts like soft and mobilization techniques, the Brügger concept, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and kinesiotaping. The practical part is consisted of qualiative research in which three oncological patients after the lung resetions participated. The research includes trigonometric and anthropometric examinations, muscle test, measurement of maximal exhaling and maximal inhaling pressure, the Borg's scale of percieved exertion and saturation of hemoglobin from oxygen. The therapy began the day before operation and ended before discharge on the seventh to eighth day. The results went back to previous values before the operation in some of the parameters and there were no negative effects of the therapy. It is safe to say that the therapy had a positive effect on the patients without any complications.
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Application of chemotherapy with use of elastomeric infusors
JANOŠŤÁKOVÁ, Kateřina
Current situation: Oncology is a branch of medicine that focuses on research, diagnosis and treatment of the tumour disease. This Bachelor thesis looks into application of chemotherapy using the elastomeric infusor. The theoretical part focuses on tumour diagnosis, oncology treatment, undesirable side effects of chemotherapy, venous cannulations in oncology, and on the elastomeric infusor. Objectives of the thesis: 1. To learn about practical experience of medical staff with care of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment using elastomeric infusors. 2. To learn about the role of nurses who take care of patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment using elastomeric infusors. 3. To learn about experience of patients with chemotherapy treatment using elastomeric infusors. Methodology: The survey method and the technique of data collection in form of a half-structured interview were used in the research part of the Bachelor thesis, and the informants were selected deliberately. Analysis of the collected data was processed using the pencil-paper method, the so called coding. Research group: The research group consisted of 4 doctors and 6 nurses who work at oncology wards, and 4 patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment using elastomeric infusion. Results of the thesis: The results affirm good experience of informants with the elastomeric infusor. The medical staff apply this form of treatment several times a week and it is only possible to be applied into the port or the PICC. Patients are instructed about manipulation with the infusor. They are content that they can spend the time while using the infusor in the domestic environment. The nurse applies the treatment and when the application is finished, she disconnects the infusor. The nurse covers and fixates the needle to the port. Documentary evidence of each needle insertion into the port is provided in a special notebook. The needle mark is observed by the nurse and after the application, the port is flushed with solution in accordance with the practice of the ward. Practical use: The results collected in the research survey can be used as the potential study material for nurses in clinical practice and for students of nursing care.
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Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period
Hrudka, Jan ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Filosofie a dějiny přírodních věd MUDr. Jan Hrudka Nádory v dějinném a kulturním kontextu v novověku Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period Disertační práce Školitel / Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Stanislav Komárek, Dr. Praha, 2017 SUMMARY: The PhD thesis called Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period is an attempt to describe a change of medical thinking in modern period; science and medicine turns from antique humoral pathology, explaining all diseases as an imbalance of the four body humours, to pathological anatomy and experimental physiology. In the point of view of pathological anatomy, the viscera of diseased person are no more "screen" or "mirror" of the disease, but it becomes directly the "stage" or "theatre" of the acting disease. This shift in the thought may be labelled as movement from humoralism to localism or ontologism; the disease isn't just abnormal amount of some natural juice any more, but becomes new original entity. This change undergoes the understanding of tumours and cancerous disease as well. Instead of antique understanding tumours as precipitates of black bile, the cell theory occurs in the 19th century. This theory explains tumours as a mass of cells undergoing excessive...
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Determination of selenium and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectrometry
Jiráková, Lucie ; Kotaška, Karel (advisor) ; Klapková, Eva (referee)
The aim of this study was to confirm the use of electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid and to investigate concentrations of selenium and manganese in selected group of patients. For selenium was determined the detection limit 2,9 μg/l, for manganese 0,26 μg/l. 73 patients were examined (31 women, 42 men) whose average age was 14,1 years. The patients were divided into two groups according to age (56 children, 17 adults) and into two subgroups according to diagnoses (oncological, neurological). The control group consists of 18 subjects (5 women, 13 men, average age 21,7 years) with non-oncological and non-neurological diagnoses. We found significantly increased selenium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in the control group, compared with the group with neurological diagnoses (median = 14,4 μg/l vs. 12,4 μg/l, p < 0.05). Elevated levels of manganese in cerebrospinal fluid was observed in a group of children with oncological diseases compared with control group (1,2 μg/l vs. 0,5 μg/l, p < 0.05). Determination of selenium and manganese in the cerebrospinal fluid may have diagnostic importance in selected groups of patients. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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