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Mechanism and kinetics of gas-solid carbonation of portlandite
Valach, Jakub ; Švec, Jiří (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (advisor)
The main goal of this work, is study of kinetics and mechanism of gas-solid carbonation of portlandit. The introduction part of the thesis acquaints the reader with basic theoretical information about the study of kinetics, mechanism and the analyses themselves. In the experimental part, the reader is acquainted with the methods and procedures used to evaluate the kinetics and mechanism. The last chapter interprets the results of the study, with discusion about results and analysis of the used sample.
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Lanthanide macrocyclic complexes with phosphonate/phosphinate pendant arms
Procházková, Soňa
Imaging methods have become an integral part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in current medicine. Contrast agents based on metal complexes are often used to improve the final image. Complexes contain radioisotopes in nuclear medicine and gadolinium(III) ion in MRI. These complexes have to show high kinetic and thermodynamic stability and their preparation must not be time consuming. H4DOTA and its derivatives are convenient type of ligand for the formation of stable complexes. This work has focused on phosphonate and phosphinate derivatives of the ligand H4DOTA. The studied compounds can be divided into ligands containing only methylphosphinate/phosphonate (H4DO3APH, H5DO3APOH) and ligands with a second coordination center (H6DO3APIDA, H5DO3APPIN, H4DO3APAM, H8DO3APBP a H7DOTAMBP). The work has examined the possibilities of influencing the way and rate of complexation under different conditions. In order to approach the preparation conditions of radio complexes, kinetics measurements were performed not only under the metal ions excess, but also under the ligand excess. The aim was to compare the results of both types of measurements, which often showed to be different. A mechanism for the formation of various types of intermediates formed during complexation has been proposed. The...
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Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS
Sovová, Kristýna ; Španěl, Patrik (advisor) ; Glosík, Juraj (referee) ; Matejčík, Štefan (referee)
This thesis describes research that has been carried out during the years 2009-2013 as a part of my PhD project related to the method of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and its application in interdisciplinary areas of research. SIFT-MS is a method that allows accurate quantification of trace gases and vapours presented in humid air with the focus on human breath; without any sample preparation and in real time. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part reviews the history of mass spectrometry as a background for the quantitative analytical methods as PTR-MS and SIFT-MS. The second part discusses the detailed history of development of SIFT-MS, starting from principles of selected ion flow tube (SIFT) technique that has been used for study of ion-molecule reactions in the gas phase and forms the basis of SIFT-MS. The next part discusses volatile organic compounds of different biological origin: bacterial, plant and human breath metabolites that can be analyzed in real time using SIFT-MS. The main part "Results and Discussion" is divided into several subsections that serve as commentaries to the enclosed research papers published in peer reviewed journals. The first is a detailed step by step overview of the kinetics of ion molecule reactions which is the basis of...
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Lanthanide macrocyclic complexes with phosphonate/phosphinate pendant arms
Procházková, Soňa ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Cígler, Petr (referee) ; Řezanka, Pavel (referee)
Imaging methods have become an integral part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in current medicine. Contrast agents based on metal complexes are often used to improve the final image. Complexes contain radioisotopes in nuclear medicine and gadolinium(III) ion in MRI. These complexes have to show high kinetic and thermodynamic stability and their preparation must not be time consuming. H4DOTA and its derivatives are convenient type of ligand for the formation of stable complexes. This work has focused on phosphonate and phosphinate derivatives of the ligand H4DOTA. The studied compounds can be divided into ligands containing only methylphosphinate/phosphonate (H4DO3APH, H5DO3APOH) and ligands with a second coordination center (H6DO3APIDA, H5DO3APPIN, H4DO3APAM, H8DO3APBP a H7DOTAMBP). The work has examined the possibilities of influencing the way and rate of complexation under different conditions. In order to approach the preparation conditions of radio complexes, kinetics measurements were performed not only under the metal ions excess, but also under the ligand excess. The aim was to compare the results of both types of measurements, which often showed to be different. A mechanism for the formation of various types of intermediates formed during complexation has been proposed. The...
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Measurement and analysis of postural stability and movement patterns of persons after transfemoral amputation
Vyhnal, Ondřej ; Prokešová, Eva (advisor) ; Majorová, Simona (referee)
Title: Measurement and analysis of postural stability and movement patterns of persons after transfemoral amputation. Objectives: The aim of this work is to understand the compensatory mechanisms arising after femoral amputation and to find out what effect the lenght of amputation has on movement patterns in humans after transfemoral amputation and exarticulation in the knee joint. Methods: In my work I used the method of analysis and method of comparison. For the analysis of postural stability, I used standard tools: force plates (Kistler 9286A) and motion recording system (Kistler 9286A). To compare kinematic one-dimensional data, I used the technique of statistical parametric mapping, which is a generalization of classical statistical tests from scalar to one-dimensional data. 8 probands with transfemoral amputation participated in the study. Three successful attempts were recorded, at three speeds with the contact of a residual and amputated limb. The movement of the pelvis in the horizontal, sagittal, transverse planes and the time spent on a residual limb were analyzed. Results: We found that the length of amputation significantly effects postural stability and movement patterns. It was found that the shorter the amputation stump, the less stable the gait, with greater deviations in the...
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Complexes of macrocyclic ligands with phosphonate and phosphinate penant arms for molecular imaging
Pazderová, Lucia ; Kubíček, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Pinkas, Jiří (referee) ; Polášek, Miloslav (referee)
In an effort to increase the thermodynamic stability and the kinetic inertness of the complexes, the five new azamacrobicyclic ligands derived from TACN, cyclen, and cyclam have been prepared. The ligands were decorated with phosphinate or phosphonate pendant arms to maintain fast complexation. Since the ascending importance of targeted diagnostic and therapy, the bone-targeted non-bridged cyclam derivative with phosphinate-bis(phosphonate) pendant arm (H5TE1PBP) has also been synthesized. The ligands were studied with respect to their application. The bridged TACN (H2bpbtacn) and cyclen (H4bpbcen) ligands show high macrocyclic basicity (logK1 = 12.25 and 12.70, respectively). The thermodynamic stability of H2bpbtacn with Cu(II) ion is more than ten orders of magnitude lower than that of the NOTA ligand. The stability constants of H4bpbcen with Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions are comparable to those given for the DOTA. The stability of Ln(III)-bpbcen complexes is 7-10 orders of magnitude lower compared to DOTA complexes. For both ligands, the lower thermodynamic stability of the complexes is attributed to the high rigidity of the ligand structure. The bridged cyclam derivatives with phosphonate (H4TE2P), bis(phosphinate) (H4TE2bpin), or phosphinate (H2TE2PH) pendants are characterized by high stability of...
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Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS
Sovová, Kristýna
4 Abstract This thesis describes research that has been carried out during the years 2009-2013 as a part of my PhD project related to the method of selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT- MS) and its application in interdisciplinary areas of research. SIFT-MS is a method that allows accurate quantification of trace gases and vapours presented in humid air with the focus on human breath; without any sample preparation and in real time. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part reviews the history of mass spectrometry as a background for the quantitative analytical methods as PTR-MS and SIFT-MS. The second part discusses the detailed history of development of SIFT-MS, starting from principles of selected ion flow tube (SIFT) technique that has been used for study of ion- molecule reactions in the gas phase and forms the basis of SIFT-MS. The next part discusses volatile organic compounds of different biological origin: bacterial, plant and human breath metabolites that can be analyzed in real time using SIFT-MS. The main part "Results and Discussion" is divided into several subsections that serve as commentaries to the enclosed research papers published in peer reviewed journals. The first is a detailed step by step overview of the kinetics of ion molecule reactions which is the basis...
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The preparation and the following in vitro saturation study of the radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DTPA-ramucirumab on PC-3 cell line
Sabolová, Klaudia ; Bárta, Pavel (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jiří (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Student: Klaudia Sabolová Supervisor: Mgr. Pavel Bárta, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The preparation and the following in vitro saturation study of the radiopharmaceutical 99m Tc-DTPA-ramucirumab on PC-3 cell line In cancer treatment, immunology is given prominence, which compared with chemotherapy and radiotherapy has a lower risk of side effects on healthy tissues. Immunotherapy includes application of monoclonal antibodies aimed at some tumour antigens using either non conjugated monoclonal antibodies or conjugated ones with an appropriate effector element, such as radionuclide. Angiogenesis plays the important role in pathogenesis of tumour diseases. Angiogenic process is regulated mostly by the interactions among vascular growth factors (VEGFs) and VEGF receptors (VEGFR). The main regulator of angiogenesis is VEGF-A. The blocking of the interaction among VEGF-A and its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 inhibits angiogenesis, and so does the growth of tumours. Ramucirumab is the monoclonal antibody with antiangiogenic effect, which blocks this interaction by its binding to the extracellular VEGFR-2 domain with high affinity. The presented study is focused on ramucirumab...
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Cyclodextrin derivatives containing covalently bound volatile substances and studies of their release
Palágyi, Attila ; Jindřich, Jindřich (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
The main aim of the work was to prepare a series of β-cyclodextrin derivatives containing covalently bound volatile compounds via an imine bond. The used volatile compounds were cinnamaldehyde, cyclamen aldehyde, lilal, benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, vanillin, hexanal, heptanal, citral and 5-methylfurfural. Subsequently, the rate of the release of the active compound, as a function of the environment, was studied by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and static headspace-gas chromatography. Key words: cyclodextrin, aldehyde, imine, kinetics, controlled release
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Influence of different way of strength training on body composition, postural stability and muscle and explosive strength in Men's Physique and Street Workout Athletes
Regál, Ondřej ; Gryc, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šťastný, Petr (referee)
Title: Influence of different way of strength training on body composition, postural stability and muscle and explosive strength in Men's Physique and Street Workout Athletes Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to find out the level and the difference between the parameters of body constitution, postural stability and muscular and explosive force of upper and lower limbs with groups of Men's Physique and Street Workout athletes. Methods: The research sample was represented by two groups (Men's Physique competitors and Street Workout athletes). We assessed chosen parameters of body constitution by Tanita MC-980MA, postural stability by RS Footscan, explosive force (Kistler) and muscular force (Cybex Humac Norm and Takei A5401). Assessed parameters of body constitution were percentage of body fat and fatless matter. In the tests of postural stability, we assessed total travel way of the center of pressure (TTW) in chosen stands (open/closed eyes and one- leg left/right). When testing explosive force, overall produced maximal force and height of the leap were assessed. Muscular force of upper limbs was evaluated by produced force in kg and muscular force of lower limbs was assessed with the help of muscular force moment in concentric muscle activity with angular velocity 60ř·s-1. Result: We found...
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