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Changes in pigmentation of animals during domestication
Ariskina, Sofya ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Kracíková, Olga (referee)
In this work there are described, based on different experiments, and on the basis of them written articles about changes of different types of animals in the course of domestikation. It is supposed that this process began 15 thousand years ago. Here a described main scenarios which show the reasons and ways of the beginning of domestication, and some main places where this process began.
But it is much more important that in the course of the domestication there was a big number of morphological, anatomic and physiological changes in which consequence wild animals gradually turned into domestic ones. These changes, whether it be considerable change of the corporal sizes, reduction of a brain, changes in nervous system, emergence of trailing ears or big quantity of various coat colors, testifies that animals lost the need to survive independently and began to depend partially or completely on people.
But a main goal of this work is to describe and explain the development of new, not existing in wild animals coat colors which are connected to the domestication process and, later, to the selection process, made by people. The general sign of all domesticated animals chosen and selected incidentally or intentionally on any signs is emergence of spottiness and heterogeneity of coat coloring, gradually turning into other colourings that are absolutely not typical for wild animals because in the wild nature would draw attention of predators or mark.
Also here is described the genetic component of process of emergence of new coat colors caused by a different ratio of an eumelanin and a feomelanin, and also various gene mutations (for ex. MC1R, ASIP ets.).
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Nejzávažnější genetické choroby u teriérů
KAMENÍKOVÁ, Petra
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to make complete literary study of the hereditary diseases of terriers and introduce some selected ones. This work contains lists of diseases documented in terrier breeds, as well as descriptions of the most common and important diseases. It is explaining the main causes of these diseases, their heredity, their impact on individuals and also their treatment. Furthermore, the work deals with the influence of these diseases on breeding terriers, possibilities of their elimination and possible strategies to improve health. In conclusion, I summarize some general recommendations for terrier´s breeders.
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Microarray Data Interpretation
Ludwig, Petr ; Šilhavá, Jana (referee) ; Smrž, Pavel (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis explains the basics of biochip or microarray data interpretation, starting with short introduction to genetics, especially genetic information significance evaluating. The focus was set mainly on the set of scripts transforming and analyzing the sample data. The data used in this thesis are a result of biochip analysis of the Colon Tumor tissues. The secondary result represents disclosing the main marker for this particular type of cancer, the primary result is evaluation of marker significance in the context of signaling pathways. The resulting pathways are sorted by relevance.
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Hardware Acceleration of Algorithms for Approximate String Matching
Nosek, Ondřej ; Kořenek, Jan (referee) ; Martínek, Tomáš (advisor)
Methods for aproximate string matching of various sequences used in bioinformatics are crucial part of development in this branch. Tasks are of very large time complexity and therefore we want create a hardware platform for acceleration of these computations. Goal of this work is to design a generalized architecture based on FPGA technology, which can work with various types of sequences. Designed acceleration card will use especially dynamic algorithms like Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman.
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Vyhledávání a charakteristika genů zodpovědných za modré zbarvení obilek pšenice seté (Triticum aestivum L.)
Musilová, Milena
The aim of the thesis was to study the genetic variability of wheat genotypes with blue caryopsis using microsatellite markers. This analysis was followed by the identification and characterization of candidate sequences involved in the non-standard blue pigmentation of wheat caryopsis and by related bioinformatic analysis of these candidate sequences. Furthermore was studied gene expression of selected candidate genes during caryopsis maturation. In addition the blue pigment storage in aleurone layer of the caryopsis was examined microscopically and finally based on orientation screening of collection with blue aleurone layer genotypes were selected as the most perspective three genotypes according to good bread-making quality, that completed the comprehensive insight into the topic of selected bread wheat blue aleurone genotypes.
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Analýza exprese genů pro růst a vývoj svaloviny u prasat, studium variability genu IL18 a jeho asociace s užitkovými znaky
Chalupová, Pavla
The work builds on the results of microarray analysis and deals with the analysis of differential expression of muscle tissue in pigs. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR the expression of 12 genes (ANXA1, ANXA2, BTG2, CSRP2, DAB2, EMP3, HBEGF, IL18, PRKAR1A, SGCD, SORT1, TGFB2) involved in the development and growth of muscle in pigs was validated. Differential expression of two muscles (m. longissimus lumborum et thoracis and m. biceps femoris) between Wild Boar and Czech Large White, which differ significantly in growth, was determined. All genes were overexpressed in Czech Large White. In order to resequencing and polymorphism detection, IL18 gene, encoding proinflammatory cytokine was selected. IL18 was previously associated with lipid metabolism, insulin-resistance and skeletal muscle function. In fragments covering exon 2, 4 and 5 a total of 40 polymorphisms were found. PCR-RFLP methodology was designed for two polymorphisms: ENSSSCG00000015037:g.11237G>A in exon 2 (MspI) and g.19480G>A in intron 5--6 (VspI) and the association analysis with the performance and meat quality traits in selected populations in pigs (n = 344 and 669) was evaluated. IL18 was associated with growth, muscle formation, fat deposition and meat quality traits. IL18 could be potentially useful for MAS in pigs.
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