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Targeting insulin storage forms in pancreatic β-cell secretory granules
Asai, Seiya ; Jiráček, Jiří (advisor) ; Skořepa, Ondřej (referee) ; Koblas, Tomáš (referee)
In this dissertation, we focused on a comprehensive investigation of insulin production, storage and secretion by pancreatic -cells. We successfully developed a new assay for the rapid and sensitive determination of insulin concentration in biological samples. This assay, based on the competition of the measured sample with a radioligand for the insulin receptor, helped us to determine the influence of several low molecular weight compounds, as well as peptides, on insulin secretion. We found that arginine and ornithine have a dose-dependent stimulatory effect on glucose- stimulated insulin secretion from -cells, but that dopamine inhibits insulin secretion. The effect of serotonin on insulin secretion was ambiguous. We also studied the effects of the bone protein osteocalcin and its fragments on insulin secretion. We found that these peptides do not stimulate insulin secretion from -cells, but that osteocalcin may have proliferative properties. We also tested the effect of tryptophan and its metabolites and found that these compounds do not stimulate insulin secretion but that some of them may inhibit secretion at higher concentrations. An important result of the study is the experimental confirmation of the presence of crystalline insulin in the secretory granules of -cells. This is the first...
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How the teaching profession affects the compenstaion of type I diabetics
Radechovská, Nikola ; Thorovská, Alena (advisor) ; Zvírotský, Michal (referee)
The diploma thesis of the topic of How the teaching profession affects the compensation of type I. diabetics consists of two parts. And that for the theoretical and practical part. Within the framework of the theoretical work, the content is focused not only on the characteristics of what diabetes mellitus actually is as such, but primarily deals with diabetes mellitus type I. in relation to the topic of the diploma thesis. There are selected topics such as diabetes treatment options, new developments in closed-loop therapy, but also acute and chronic complications, diabetes distress and diabetes depression. There are also topics related to the teaching profession, such as the characteristics of teacher within teaching as a profession, who can teach, but also gender representation in education and teacher burnout sydrome. As part of the practical part a questionnaire survey was asked, which was focused on the effect on the overal compensation of type i. diabetic who works as a teacher. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, in which 33 respondents took part, it cannot be said that teaching profession have an effect on the compensation. Only 3 respondents, 9,1 % reported that their total type I. diabetes compensation worsened after starting work as a teacher. Interesting results were...
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Induction of beta-cell proliferation by synthetic modified mRNAs encoding cell cycle regulators
Ivanovská, Dana ; Koblas, Tomáš (advisor) ; Černá, Věra (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease associated with a high blood glucose level over a prolonged period of time. Hyperglycemia is caused by the loss of pancreatic insulin producing beta cells. Diabetes mellitus II is linked with insulin resistence, which can indirectly lead to beta cell deficiency. It logically follows that the replacement or regeneration of beta cells could lead to a successful remission of diabetes. D type cyclins (D1, D2, D3) and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) 4/6 appear to have the potential to induce beta cell proliferation. These proteins are responsible for driving cell mitotic entry. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to verify the possibility of inducing beta cell proliferation via D type and Cdk4/6 synthetic mRNA transfection. In vitro-synthesized mRNA induces short-therm protein overexpression. Cyclins harboring mutations are characterized by a higher protein stability and an increased half-life. The presence of D type cyclins and Cdk4/6 after cell transfection was detected using indirect immunofluorescence. Also a Western blot analysis with subsequent immunodetection was performed. Transfecting rat islet cells with various D type cyclins and Cdk4/6 mRNA combinations has shown to lead to a significant induction of beta cell proliferation. The levels of beta cell...
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Estimation of blood glucose level based on PPG signals measured by smart devices
Vargová, Enikö ; Němcová, Andrea
This paper deals with the possibilities of non-invasivedetermination of blood glucose from photoplethysmographic signals.Monitoring blood sugar is the most important part of managingdiabetes. Diabetes is one of the world’s major chronic diseases.Untreated diabetes is often a cause of death.Two datasets have been created by recording thephotoplethysmographic signals of 16 people using two smart devices(a smart wristband and a smartphone), along with their bloodglucose levels measured in an invasive way. Thephotoplethysmographic signals were preprocessed, and suitablefeatures were extracted from them. The aim of the work is to proposemethods for glycemic classification and prediction.Various machine-learning models were created. The best modelfor classifying blood glucose into two groups (low blood glucose andhigh blood glucose) is random forest, which achieves an F1 score of84% and 80% on two different test sets obtained from two smartdevices. The best blood glucose level prediction model is also basedon random forest and achieves an MAE of 1.02 mmol/l and 1.17mmol/l on both testing datasets.
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Preparation and characterization of vesiculin, a two-chain protein derived from IGF-2
Mrzílková, Karolína ; Žáková, Lenka (advisor) ; Pačesová, Andrea (referee)
Hormones of insulin family are one of the most studied groups of proteins due to their connection to large number of diseases including type two diabetes mellitus, tumorigenesis and some neurodegenerative diseases. The newest member of this superfamily is a two-chain analogue of IGF-2 called vesiculin. This peptide was originally isolated from secretory granules of mouse βTC6-F7 cell line and is currently believed to have a endocrine or paracrine effect on pancreatic β-cells. Its sequence homology with IGF-2 and structural similarity to insulin foreshadows vesiculin's potential metabolic, proliferation and growth properties and further secures its place as scientifically interesting and clinically lucrative topic. The insulin theme is corelated with insulin resistance, pathological state present primarily in early stages of development of type two diabetes mellitus. Vesiculin is able to stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis even in this condition which differentiates it form insulin and IGF-2 whose glucoregulatory activity is blunted in face of insulin resistance. Further research of vesiculin and insulin family receptor interaction, including dimeric tyrosinekinase receptor for IGF-1 and insulin, but also monomeric IGF-2 receptor, can provide more knowledge on character of this binding...
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Health assessment using smart devices
Vargová, Enikö ; Filipenská, Marina (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibilities of non-invasive determination of blood glucose from photoplethysmographic signals. Elevated blood sugar is often associated with disease called diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is one of the world’s major chronic diseases. Untreated diabetes is often a cause of death. The aim of the work is to propose methods for glycemic classification and prediction. Two datasets have been created by recording the PPG signals using two smart devices (a smart wristband and a smartphone), along with their blood glucose levels measured in an invasive way. The PPG signals were preprocessed, and suitable features were extracted from them. Various machine-learning models for glycemic classification and prediction were created.
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Nábytok diabetologickej ambulancie
Kruteková, Irina
This bachelor thesis discussed in the theoretical field of the importance of interior design and its link with the patient in medical care. Specifically address the disposing layout, editing, and requirements for furniture in the diabetes clinic. Further proposes furniture element that added comfort in everyday use of outpatient facilities. The development of the two proposed designs, namely interior and furniture element is documented in the form of sketches. Thesis also includes visualization and computer drawings.
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Role of peripheral blood monocytes and innate immunity in diabetes
Zinková, Alžběta ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Novota, Peter (referee)
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disease and its development is influenced to some extent by environmental factors as well. Innate immunity triggers nonspecifically first defense reactions after penetration of the pathogen into the body, while overstimulation components of innate immunity may give rise to autoimmune diseases, including diabetes type 1. The components of innate immunity are, among others, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belonging to a group of the structures recognizing preserved molecular structures characteristic of pathogens. Toll-like receptors are abundantly expressed by monocytes which produce prolactin (PRL) having an immunostimulatory function. To clarify the role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of diabetes, we focused on the expression of mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4. The expression of PRL was studied only at the level of mRNA. Monocytes were separated by flow cytometry into classical (CD14++) and nonclassical (CD14+). We monitored their percentages and the degree of expression of CD14 antigen on their surface.The operational objective of this dissertation was to optimize the stimulation of monocytes for the planned study of the function of non-pituitary prolactin in vitro and determine the appropriateness of the use of healthy donors' buffy...
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