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Nursing Care in Patients with MRSA
Zajacová, Aneta ; Trojánek, Milan (advisor) ; Jirkovský, Daniel (referee)
The bachelor thesis "Nursing Care in Patients with MRSA" deals with the issue of barrier regimen in the context primarily with golden staphylococcus infection. The aim is to assess the attitudes of nursing staff about nursing care in patients with MRSA, analyze the adherence to contact precautions in the clinical practice and to identify the factors associated with potential non-adherence. The theoretical part of the thesis serves as an introduction to the topic, while the empirical part contains the results of the actual investigation and serves to explore the above objectives. The research method was a self-constructed questionnaire with 33 questions, which was distrubuted among the nursing staff in the surgical and internal inpatient wards of the adult part of Motol University Hospital. Responses from 67 respondents were included and the obtained data were statistically processed. The survey resulted in the following findings: Only 13 respondents (19 %) say that everyone on their ward always adheres to barrier measures. The most common situation where barrier measures are not adhered to is 'acute patient condition' with 27 respondents (40 %) and 'at night' with 12 respondents from the standard ward and only 1 from the ICU. The motivation for more consistent adherence to barrier measures is fear...
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Synthesis and evaluation of potential antitubercular agents based on nitro aromates
Delong, Jakub ; Krátký, Martin (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
The goal of the master's thesis was the synthesis and assessment of potential molecules against tuberculosis based on aromatic compounds containing nitro groups. The thesis reviews tuberculosis and its therapy, in the theoretical part, followed by well-know and new nitro group containing antibiotics. The experimental part reports multitep synthesis from parent compounds - substituted benzoic acid, pyruvic acid and variously substituted anilines, which were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity. The core structure of the prepared compound molecules is N-phenyl-2-[2-(3,5- dinitrobenzoyl)hydrazinylidene]propanamide, which was variously substituted on the benzene ring of N-phenylpropanamide. In case of four compounds, one nitro group was switched to the trifluoromethyl group. Yields varied from 7 to 72 % and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 4 to more than 1000 µmol/l. N-(4-Bromphenyl)-2-[2-(3,5- dinitrobenzoyl)hydrazinylidene]propanamide proved to be the most effective derivate. Key words Antibiotics, antimycobacterial activity, 3,5-dinitrobenzohydrazide, nitro group, synthesis, tuberculosis
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Practical aspects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in patients with renal disease
Bělohlávková, Adéla ; Vachek, Jan (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Vitamin D deficiency is typical of kidney disease, as are disorders of calcium- phosphate metabolism. Supplementation of native vitamin D and the resulting correction of calcemia values could contribute to improving the health status of these patients, even though native vitamin D has been considered ineffective in patients with more severe kidney disease. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of native vitamin D supplementation on patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: In the practical part, retrospective data of patients with chronic kidney disease treated in nephrology and internal medicine outpatient clinics were used. These data were obtained from the Klatovy Hospital database. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations at the beginning of vitamin D supplementation and changes in these values after one year were compared. In addition, data on muscle strength, fractures, propensity to falls and calcemia were evaluated. Patients' level of education regarding proper vitamin D supplementation was assessed by questionnaire. Conclusion: The results show that supplementation with native vitamin D leads to an increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration even in patients with more severe renal impairment, while optimizing serum total calcium concentration, and probably has numerous...
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The impact of team autonomy, reflexivity and participation on employees' mental health
Mandousová, Michaela ; Šípová, Ivana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Jiří (referee)
Mental health is an important topic in the context of the work environment. Therefore, the thesis examines the impact of team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation on employees' mental health. The theoretical part focuses on the topic of mental health, the JD-R model, burnout syndrome, engagement, and team factors with a focus on autonomy, reflexivity, and participation. The empirical part aims to test whether team autonomy, reflexivity, and participation together with burnout syndrome score or work engagement are significant predictors of burnout syndrome and engagement measured one year apart. The data used to test the stated hypotheses were obtained within the framework of the international H-WORK project, which conducted a field-based longitudinal study. The project was initiated in response to growing mental health problems in the working population in Europe. This paper uses data from two companies that underwent restructuring during the project. Because of this, there was a large drop out. The data in the research part, which was subjected to linear regression analysis, was collected from 59 respondents. The results did not support the stated hypotheses. This result may be influenced by several factors, such as the high experimental mortality already mentioned. Key words: mental health;...
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The role of galectins in skin wound healing
Přitasilová, Adriena ; Sedlář, Antonín (advisor) ; Zimolová, Miluše (referee)
Galectins are proteins that bind β-galactosides through their Carbohydrate Recogni- tion Domain (CRD). There have been 16 types discovered in mammals, with only 4 not found in humans. They are present in various cell types and tissues and are involved in numerous physiological functions, such as apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as in several pathological conditions, including inflammatory skin diseases. For example, anti- bodies against galectin-3 cause skin inflammation in lupus erythematosus. During wound healing in a pig model experiment, an upregulation of galectin-1 in the dermis and its neo-expression in the epidermis were observed, along with an increased level of galectin- 7. Galectin-1 plays a significant role especially in the formation of hypertrophic scars (HTS), which result from excessive collagen deposition during wound healing. HTS are erythematous and thick, causing cosmetic defects that could be addressed by modulating galectin activity during healing. Therefore, the aim of this bachelor thesis is to conduct a systematic literature review on the role of galectins in wound healing, considering both their positive and negative effects, with particular emphasis on the role of galectins and their ligands in the formation and regression of hypertrophic and keloid scars.
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Planetary boundary layer height estimation
Růžičková, Barbora ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Holubová Šmejkalová, Adéla (referee)
The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is a key parameter for investigating interactions between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, especially for air quality assessment and pollutants' dispersion. The PBLH is highly variable in time and space as is influenced by a number of factors originating both in the atmosphere and at the Earth's surface. In this bachelor thesis, the PBLH and mixing layer height (MLH) measured at the National Atmospheric Observatory Košetice over the three-year period 2020-2022 using the Vaisala CL61 ceilometer were evaluated. For both observed variables, a significant difference was found between the values measured in summer and winter: 1710 ± 760 m and 1010 ± 650 m for PBLH, 920 ± 700 m and 420 ± 330 m for MLH. Significant diurnal variability was also observed, with maxima at 15:00 UTC and minima at 03:00 UTC for PBLH and maxima at 14:00 UTC and minima at 22:00 UTC for MLH. The relationship between planetary boundary layer height and the occurrence of cyclonic and anticyclonic synoptic situations was also investigated, but was not conclusive due to the complexity of the weather patterns of each synoptic situation. Keywords: atmospheric boundary layer, mixing layer, ceilometer, ground-based remote sensing, atmospheric vertical profile
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Semi-automatic approach to secondary sex diagnosis Rdss (Santos, 2021): Applicability in an archaeological sample
Galovičová, Tereza ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Galeta, Patrik (referee)
The new R package rdss (Santos, 2021) aims to facilitate and fast track secondary sex diagnosis in large archaeological assemblages. This thesis is focused on evaluating the applicability of this new package in a real burial site dataset, as it has not yet been evaluated in this way. The applicability of the package was evaluated by comparing the results of sex diagnosis of a set of 307 adult individuals from the burial site at the 3rd church of the Great Moravian settlement in Mikulčice with the results of evaluation of the same set of individuals in previous studies by Stloukal (1967) and Zazvonilova and colleagues (2020). Using four methods of primary sex diagnosis, sex was estimated at a posterior probability level of 0.95 for 234 individuals (76.2% of the evaluated population). Secondary sex diagnosis using the rdss package estimated sex at a posterior probability level of 0.95 for 37 individuals (12.1% of the evaluated population). The total number of estimated individuals was 271 (88.3% of the evaluated population). This yield of sex diagnosis was comparable to the yield in the previous two studies. The three studies were compared using the masculinity index, which showed the same trend of male predominance over female in the population in all three cases. The agreement of the frequencies of...
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Problematics of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea
Bláha, Matěj ; Suchánek, Jonáš (advisor) ; Kvasničková, Kristýna (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on problems associated with integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea. The main aim is to create a conceptual framework for deeper understanding of this issue. The fulfilment of this aim was achieved with the help of research questions that address the impact of refugees and South Korean society on refugee integration. The thesis synthesizes information from existing publications using the method of systematic literature review and can therefore serve as a basis for future research. The theoretical section, which discusses terms and concepts relevant to the thesis, is followed by two chapters of historical and geographical context needed for understanding of the issue of North Korean refugees and the description of methodology used in the systematic review. The results of the synthesis imply that the level of integration of North Korean refugees in South Korea is not very high and refugees face a significant number of barriers that make this integration difficult. For the sake of clarity, the systematic research has been categorically divided into thematic subchapters, which address in detail the different areas of this specific migration and integration. Key words: systematic review, integration, North Korean refugees, South Korea, North Korea
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Perception of strategies for working with general-reference map among students of various ages
Poldová, Viktorie ; Trokšiar, David (advisor) ; Machová, Daniela (referee)
The main topic of this thesis are strategies used while working with a map and their perception by students of different ages. A general-reference map, which students often interact with in geography lessons, was chosen for the research. 92 students in grades 6 and 9 and in the final year of secondary school participated in an experiment involving an achievement test and a follow-up questionnaire to explore perceived strategies. The eye-tracking camera used during the test allowed to obtain real strategies. The perceived strategies were qualitatively and quantitatively processed and explored in terms of four dimensions, i.e. repertoire, distribution, adaptability and efficiency. The results showed a wide repertoire of perceived strategies and the most frequently reported types of strategies. The largest repertoire was found among final year secondary school students, while the smallest repertoire was found among 6th grade students. Based on the distribution of strategy types in the tasks and the use of the necessary elements in the mentioned strategy, final year secondary school students showed the highest ability to adapt their perceived strategies, while 6th grade students showed the lowest. The ideal fastest and most accurate strategies were determined for the efficiency evaluation. Despite the...
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Seasonal dynamics of physiological parameters of Norway spruce needles in mountain forest in relation to water balance of the forest site
Bednář, Pavel ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Gebauer, Roman (referee)
Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is an important economic tree species in the Czech Republic, which is currently significantly weakened and dying under the impacts of climate change. In young spruce forest stand in mountain region that was artificially established after the large-scale disturbance of forests in the mid-1990s, on the "U Dvou louček" research plot represented by a small forest catchment of an area of 32.6 ha, located in the upper part of the Orlické Mountains at an altitude of 880 - 920 m a.s.l., and in site conditions of predominantly Abieti-fageta piceae - water balance measurements were carried out during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. At the same time, during the mentioned two years, in total 6 samplings of biological material were carried out according to a standardized sampling methodology, and laboratory analyzes were carried out on this material. Laboratory analyzes were focused on three established age categories of needles, namely 1, 2, and 4 or more years old. The biophysical parameters of needles were determined based on the measurement of structural parameters and concentrations of photosynthetic pigments - chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids from samples extracted in DMF using a laboratory spectrophotometer. Optical properties of the needles...
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