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Vyzbrojování Armády České republiky
Čermáková, Kamila ; Faltejsek, Filip ; Hlouchová, Iveta ; Hornát, Jan ; Kulda, Tomáš ; Soural, Aleš
Jak nejefektivněji vyzbrojit armádu České republiky (AČR)? Text zkoumá, zdali je zájmem České republiky více investovat do rozvoje obranného průmyslu a vývoje nových technologií či pořizovat více armádní techniky a výstroje v zahraničí. Finanční situace Ministerstva obrany jej značně omezuje při provádění reforem AČR, které jsou vytyčeny ve strategických dokumentech, například Bezpečnostní strategii ČR z roku 2003.1 V roce 2013 obranný rozpočet klesl až na 42 miliardy Kč.2 Rozpočtová kapitola určená na akvizici nové výstroje a techniky tvořila v roce 2011 pouze 13% z celého rozpočtu ministerstva. 3 AČR je přitom nutné přezbrojit, aby byla schopna se zapojit do zahraničních misí Evropské unie (EU) či Severoatlantické aliance (NATO). Ministerstvo obrany musí zvážit oba tyto aspekty před uskutečněním dalších reformních kroků. Nabízejí se dvě možná řešení. První z nich počítá s investicemi do rozvoje českého obranného průmyslu. Druhé preferuje akvizice armádní techniky a výstroje od zahraničních výrobců. Česká republika má za sebou dlouhou a úspěšnou tradici českého zbrojního průmyslu, která sahá až do dob Rakouska – Uherska. Výroba se rozvíjela i v období obou světových válek a největšího významu dosáhla v období socialismu. Česká republika byla v té době významným exportérem v rámci východního bloku. V roce 1987 dosáhla produkce zbrojního průmyslu 29 miliard Kčs, kdy přibližně 70 % našeho exportu putovalo do Sovětského svazu.4 Po rozpadu Sovětského svazu produkce prudce klesla na 4,6 miliard Kč a v současné době jsou pro rozšíření výroby nutné značné investice. Rozvoj českého průmysl by mohl významně pomoci české ekonomice a především snížit nezaměstnanost. Získat novou techniku a výstroj může AČR i od zahraničních firem, mezi něž patří například Lockhead Martin, Boeing či BAE, jejichž technika byla prověřena i ve válkách v Iráku a Afghánistánu. Nákupy v zahraničí může AČR uskutečňovat skrze veřejné tendry nebo za pomoci agentur pro společné nákupy spadajících pod NATO či EU. Výhodou takových nákupů může být nižší cena a pořízení velmi kvalitních produktů. V minulosti však byly tyto nákupy často provázeny korupčními skandály.
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Logic of the Single European Army
Kozelka, Josef ; Sršeň, Radim (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
The current economic crisis has led the leaders of the European states to decrease their spending on defense. This paper argues that if this reduction in public spending is not offset by the increase in international cooperation than the military capability of the region is going to deteriorate in the near future. The argument that the defense budgets are decreasing is based on the analysis of the data available for the public defense expenditures. Further six case studies of EU states are presented showing that the potential decrease in capability is observable in a wide range of EU countries. The case for greater international cooperation is based on the economic theory of comparative advantage and benefits of competition in the defense market. Furthermore, academic literature supporting this hypothesis is also presented to the reader throughout the paper. The conclusion of this paper is that the current tendency of governmental politicians of EU countries to ignore the need for greater international cooperation in the defense sector is unsustainable and that if European Union wants to maintain its position as one of the world power blocks, systematic reform of the EU defense market will need to be introduced.
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Czech Republic and the System of Defence Against Ballistic Missiles (Constitutional Aspects): Study 3.061
Kavěna, Martin ; Syllová, Jindřiška
Zapojení České republiky do systému obrany proti balistickým raketám je z ústavněprávního hlediska komplikovanou záležitostí, skládající se z několika rozdílných právních úkonů. Dohoda (smlouva) o protiraketové obraně je dvoustrannou mezinárodní smlouvou, upravenou v čl. 49 Ústavy. Pobytem ozbrojených sil jiných států na území České republiky se rozumí služební umístění specifikované součásti ozbrojených sil cizího státu nebo cizích států na území České republiky. K pojmu „pobyt“ je možno citovat důvodovou zprávu k současnému znění čl. 43 Ústavy: „Parlament vyslovuje souhlas s pobytem ozbrojených sil jiných států na území České republiky. Za pobyt se nepovažuje průjezd nebo přelet státního území ozbrojenými silami jiných států, proto je tato záležitost navrhována v odstavci 5 do rozhodovací působnosti vlády. Ozbrojenými silami ve smyslu rozhodovací pravomoci ústavních orgánů se rozumí vojenské útvary, vojenská zařízení a vojenské záchranné útvary“. Ústava a její důvodová zpráva vykládají pojem tak, že se jím rozumí rovněž umístění vojenských zařízení jiného státu na území České republiky. Při tomto výkladu je nutno takový pobyt schválit oběma komorami Parlamentu kvalifikovanou většinou. Režim vlastního pobytu příslušníků ozbrojených sil cizího státu nestanoví usnesení Parlamentu, ale zákon. Tento zákon upravuje obecně podmínky, za nichž příslušníci cizích ozbrojených sil na území ČR pobývají. Takovým zákonem je nyní zákon č. 310/1999 Sb., o pobytu ozbrojených sil jiných států na území České republiky. Podmínky pobytu stanovené zákonem jsou obvykle předem dohodnuty prostřednictvím mezinárodních smluv (nyní SOFA). Jde o smlouvu podle čl. 49 Ústavy, k jejichž ratifikaci musí vyslovit souhlas obě komory Parlamentu.
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Military expenses of Czechoslovakia in the years 1933-1939
Král, Jaroslav ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Skřivan, Aleš (referee)
My bachelor's work deals with the financing of the Czechoslovak Army in the period before World War II. First part describes the formation and financing Czechoslovak Army after estabilishment of an independent state. Second part deals with the defense of the state loan. I analyze the conducts of goverment under ever increasing threath of war and its efforts to obtain the means to defend the Republic. The most part of my bachelor's work is about the building and financing of the fortifications of the Czechoslovak Republic and about people who participated in building forts. I focus on the length of their working time, the size of salaries and conditions in the workplace. The main contribution of this work is a comprehensive view of the behavior of Czechoslovak citizens, political and military leaders who tried to prepare for the defense of the Republic.
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Development of the Czech defense industry after the dissolution of the federation
Radochová, Hana Erika ; Vokoun, Marek (advisor) ; Loužek, Marek (referee)
The defense industry historically belonged to the traditional branches and always made the considerable part of the Czech industry. The peculiarity of the arms production and the whole defense industry is its narrow connection with the state, state policy and international position. The division of the private and public sector was changing in different periods, but it was always in a large interest of the state to keep in its property some parts of the production and repair capacities. At present it still occurs consolidation or closure of some state enterprises. Also the state policy significantly influenced the location of arms races on the state territory in the connection on its emergency. The location of defense industry by itself had and even now has the great influence on the general employment in particular regions. The peculiarity of the defense industry is the great influence of technical innovations and high demand of machine equipment and the quality of staff. In analytical section we showed the productivity of weaponry in the Czech Republic in time and space with assistance of chosen indicators and regressive analysis of longer time span; Increasing productivity is reflected in the Liberec and Usti region, particularly through developing/building the armored and other vehicles and equipment, which seems to be very effective nowadays. It is interesting that state enterprises seem to be more efficient than enterprises in private ownership. From the data we can draw some other conclusions that the changes in the structure of Army Forces of Czech Republic have direct influence on the structure and the size of the defense industry. It is also possible to observe direct connection of big army contracts of Czech Army and efficiency of particular firms. The peculiarity is that the state is keeping the possibility to make the part of the contracts directly to its state companies, which greatly influence their efficiency of economy. Because of the shown dependence of political decisions on the structure of ownership and efficiency of arms production it would be interesting to follow the development in this field on the basis of White book about defense.
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TheMotivationofWomen to Enter theArmyofthe Czech Republic
ĎURECHOVÁ, Jitka
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to explore and reveal the main motivational factors which influence women most when joining the army and their attitudes towards the military profession. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is about employees' motivation as an important part of the personnel management in each organization with a description of each motivational tool of personnel policy in the defence resort. Also, there are specifics of the soldier job and requirements wich must be fulfilled by the future female soldiers mentioned. The applied part includes a research. The motivation of women in the military institution in Southern Bohemia for the choice of their military careers are explored with the help of semistructured interviews. The data recieved give a picture of what women expect from the service in the army and which of the aspects of this profession are important and motivational for them.
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Man´s religious dimension - Development Ways and Possibilities. Military Chaplaincy of the Czech Republic Armed Forces
VARGA, Roman
The thesis deals with the chaplaincy role, taking into consideration man´s religious dimension in a specific Czech Republic Armed Forces environment. It conducts a survey of military chaplaincy history at first, from a biblical ages to the present days and outlines possibilities for it´s further orientation. It deals with a cornerstone of the chaplaincy services afterwords, which is chaplain´s personality and his particular roles. The thesis subsequently analyses the subject of ethics of a soldier as well as marginally deals with the theme of war defense and pacifism. The end of the thesis describes stress and it´s impact to a soldier, including consequences of such an impact and it is dealing with the question of the military chaplaincy role, during following care about soldiers, affected by post traumatic stress disorder, in a context of holistic philosophy. Comparing and assessing the obtained information, this thesis finds out, if the military chaplaincy has an irreplaceable position in the Czech Republic Armed Forces.
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The military as a guardian of democracy
Ficker, Alexandr ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Němec, Jan (referee)
The thesis discusses the military's influence on the new Turkey Republic in second half of the 20. century. The first part focuses on the military position in democratic countries and at the same time it shows a new view on the military position than the common one. The next part analyses the historical background of Turkish military and the influence of kemalism. Following parts analyses the military interventions and the influence of EEC/EU on the military position in Turkey. The work aims to answer the following question how did the EU influenced the military as a safe keeper of the secularism. In the end of the work the possible future development of Turkey is outlined as well with the formation of numerous Islamic fundamentalist groups.
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Nurse and her work in mission in the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic.
HORÁKOVÁ, Magdaléna
The occupation of nurse as we know it today started to take shape thanks to Florence Nightingale, who pioneered military nursing practice. The first military nurses, including Florence, served during the Crimean war. The modern military nurse has the same duties as her historical counterparts {--} to identify and satisfy the needs of soldiers. She participates on the prevention process, cares for soldier's health, helps to create optimal conditions for their healthy lifestyle and training and provides first-aid training to soldiers. Nurses also take part on medical provisioning, assessments of military service capability and epidemic prevention. This research work has been elaborated using qualitative research methods. Its goal is to map the competencies of nurses in the Czech Army. Data was collected by means of semi-structured dialogues with nurses that participated on a military mission abroad. The results of the research with military nurses are elaborated by means of case reports and a slightly modified Ritchie and Spencer framework analysis, which was used to compile the category tables and charts that summarize the main research results. Three research questions were established to achieve the goal. The main goals are to find out whether nurses on foreign missions have competencies according to Czech legislation, whether they provide care on foreign missions by means of a nursing process, and what the conditions are for acceptance to a foreign mission. The results are designated for medical professionals as well as the general public and may also serve for study purposes.
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