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Big Five personality traits and chronic diseases: Who is more prone to suffer from chronic diseases?
Tkáčová, Andrea ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
Chronic diseases are a growing concern for older adults, impacting their health and well-being. This thesis explores the link between personality traits and chronic diseases in this population, utilizing logit and multinomial logit mod- els to analyse risk factors. Three increasingly complex models were employed, progressively incorporating factors like residence country and generational dif- ferences. Inborn personality traits were used as an exogenous instrument for mental well-being as mental health is often endogenous to health status. Re- sults reveal neuroticism, a personality trait characterized by negative emotions and stress management di culties, as the strongest predictor of chronic dis- eases. This finding emphasizes the critical role of mental health in overall health. Individuals high in neuroticism are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors that increase their risk of chronic diseases. Additionally, the influ- ence of demographics, health behaviors, socioeconomic factors, and education was explored. Chronic disease risk soars with unhealthy habits like excess eat- ing resulting in overweight and drinking alcohol, but plummets with exercise and staying smoke-free. This emphasizes the critical role of healthy behaviors throughout life. The findings highlight the importance of...
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Dispersal and personality
Rišová, Slavomíra ; Frynta, Daniel (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Dispersal of animals is an important area of ecology, the study of which is crucial for understanding population composition and dynamics. The acquired knowledge has broad applications in various fields, whether in the efforts to introduce endangered species or, conversely, to suppress the spread of invasive ones. However, dispersal begins at the individual level, so it is first necessary to determine which traits dispersing individuals possess. One possible aspect in which dispersers may differ from residents is their personality. This bachelor thesis provides a summary of literature that focuses on personality predictors of dispersal, comparing personality traits among each other, both within and across three selected taxa: fish, birds, and representatives of mammals - rodents. The literature suggests that in the context of individual personality, besides others, three main types of dispersal exist. In the first type, primarily observed in early stages of life, dispersal of more submissive individuals of territorial fish and rodents is enforced due to aggression from more dominant individuals. However, in birds, it is necessary to secure suitable territory as quickly as possible, leading to the opposite dependence - earlier dispersal of dominant individuals. The second type involves voluntary...
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Physiological and neurobiological correlates of personality traits
Kubelková, Klára ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Jonáš, Juraj (referee)
This paper seeks to provide an overview of the molecular, genetic, as well as structural and functional correlates of personality traits known to date, focusing primarily on typology according to the extensively used "NEO PI-R" ("Big Five") classification. It also attempts to discuss, at least briefly, the methodology for obtaining both neurobiological and psychological data and its validity. Finally, it aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the neurobiological approach to personality, its potential benefits and pitfalls. It does not aim to establish the exact proportion of biological and sociological factors, but to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this biological conditioning. Although there is now a vast amount of research on the biological substrate of personality, there is considerable inconsistency among these studies, both in terms of methodology and the results provided. Moreover, only a small number of them attempt to explain their findings in terms of possible mechanisms of their effect and thus to integrate them into the broader picture of the brain-personality connection. These and many other limitations of neurobiological research on personality, which receive considerable attention in this thesis, are only a proof of the immense complexity of the human brain and human...
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Motivation and perception of the paramedic profession
VACEK, Matěj
In my bachelor thesis I examine the motivations of paramedics and their perception of the profession itself. The introductory theoretical part introduces the basic principles of pre-hospital emergency care and the personality traits often present in these professionals. Furthermore, the historical development of the ambulance service is explored, which influences shape of the proffesion. The subsequent section analyzes the qualification education required to work in this field and the legislation regarding the competencies of paramedics. The second part of the thesis is devoted to motivation, where the characteristics, type and division of motivation, well as the factors of motivation and demotivativation in general are discussed in more detail. Special attention is given to the motivation of emergency medical technicians, including an analysis of motivating and demotivating factors specific to this profession. The research section is based on qualitative research using semi-structured interviews,The research population is paramedics. The first objective of this thesis is to map out the motivation for working as an paramedics. The second objective is to find out the perception of the profession among paramedics. This thesis can be perceived by the management of the Medical Rescue Service as a tool to improve the motivation of its employees. The information obtained from the research can be an important factor in deciding whether prospective applicants want to study in the field of paramedics.
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Evaluation of Job Applicants Using Neuroscience
Bank, Tomáš ; Beran, Vítězslav (referee) ; Szőke, Igor (advisor)
This thesis deals with the possibility to evaluate cognitive and emotional traits and their relations to job positions and functions. The basis is to create a set of tests which could be used during a hiring procedure while deciding among candidates. It also suggests how to classify users based on a set of tests and thereby provide support in choosing the right job. The thesis gives a brief outlook of individually tested traits, describes a proposal of a web application and its implementation, describes implementation of neural network classifier and presents obtained results.
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Jsou osobnostní rysy hraboše polního provázány s denním rytmem pohybové aktivity?
KUBÍKOVÁ, Pavlína
In this study, the relationship between personality traits and daily activity of Common voles (Microtus arvalis) was investigated. Thirty four voles were captured for tests from the wild and kept separately under stable light (L:D, 12:12) and ambient temperature (19 ? 1 oC) laboratory conditions. Voles were subjected to Open Field (OF) tests to determine their personality traits on locomotor activity and shy-bold gradients. They were then monitored in the PhenoTyper boxes, where their activity was recorded for seven days. In this thesis, it was found that more locomotor active and bold individuals in the OF test are also more active in the PhenoTyper box, are more prone to periodicity and regular ultradian rhythms, and have more activity in the dark. Shy individuals are often immobile (most often in the dark), which weakens the periodicity of their ultradian rhythms. Thus, greater boldness in the common vole leads to greater nocturnal activity, and shyness rather to greater nocturnal immobility. The personality traits were associated with daily activity, periodicity, and ultradian rhythms.
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Creativity in visual arts
Zejdová, Hana ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kebza, Vladimír (referee)
Motivation seems to be one of the important variables which might have an effect on creativity. It can have a positive but also a negative impact on creativity. In this thesis motivations of fine artists are examined and the extent to which art might effect personality profile of fine artists is considered. In theoretical part, firstly, art, forms of art and the psychology of art are defined. Further artwork as a product of artistic process, structure of personality and specifically the personality of fine artists are described. A complexity of creativity as a phenomenon is presented. Finally motivation from the social psychology of creativity point of view is explained. The aim of this master thesis is to examine certain psychosocial personality traits of fine artists by the Achievement Motivation Inventory LMI and discovered whether there are significant differences in personality traits of fine artists and control group of "non-artists" interested in economy and business (n=63). Our results support the foreign studies results and indicate that artists score significantly higher in Flow, Pride in Productivity and Independence. Contrary to foreign studies results examine creativity in people generally, our results suggest that fine artists score significantly higher in Competitiveness than...
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Conceptualization of the recruitment and selection process from the perspective of recruiters and the use of psychometric and psychological tools
Špádová, Zuzana ; Heider, David (advisor) ; Rudorfer, Lothar Filip (referee)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis is to highlight the individual conceptualization of the recruitment process and the various psychological insights, methods and tools that are used by human resource practitioners in a recruitment agency. The theoretical part includes the introduction of selected methods of contemporary recruitment (hiring) and the theoretical use of psychological knowledge in this process. The empirical part focuses on the conceptualization of the recruitment and selection process as well as the use of psychological tools and concepts in the daily activities of human resource workers in the environment of the selected recruitment agency. Particular attention will be paid to the use of psychological tools and concepts by recruiters with psychological and other backgrounds. The aim of the thesis is to find out how the recruitment process (and candidate assessment) is perceived by individual recruiters and what differences exist in the process of candidate assessment with regard to the procedures and knowledge that are used in the specific practice of recruiters and how their use varies according to education, length of experience and how their validity (effectiveness) is subjectively assessed. The thesis will be developed using qualitative methodology, specifically by...
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Relations between personality traits and eating habits
Mastromatteová, Nikol ; Konečná, Judita (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
This thesis studies the relations between personality traits of the Big Five model (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness) and eating habits. The aim of this work is to map the relation between personality traits and eating habits, to describe the relation of specific traits with specific eating habits and to discuss possible use in practice. Data were obtained using two questionnaires administered anonymously in an online environment. The NEO-FFI questionnaire was used to measure personality traits, and a self- created questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and The Czech Society for Nutrition (CSN) nutritional recommendations was used to measure eating habits. Data from 91 respondents (22 men and 69 women) were analyzed. The results showed the association of neuroticism with some eating habits that were classified in the unhealthy group, the association of conscientiousness and agreeableness with some eating habits that were classified in the healthy group. Extraversion and openness to experience were associated with habits from both the healthy and unhealthy groups. The results are consistent with previous studies in the context of conscientiousness and neuroticism....
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