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Curent state of knowledge about migration of vultures between Europe, Asia and Africa
Váhala, Jáchym ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Kauzál, Ondřej (referee)
1 ABSTRACT This study aims to summarize the current knowledge about the spatial activity of Old World vultures with main focus on their seasonal migration. Vultures are one of the most endangered guilds of birds in the world. Their decline is caused by the loss of their natural environment and food resources, targeted and untargeted poisoning, hunt for traditional medicine and widespread use of veterinary drugs poisonous to them. Vulture migration is a relatively poorly documented phenomenon. The best studied species are Neophron percnopterus, Aegypius monachus and Gyps fulvus, i.e., species found in Europe, but even so, these species are mostly not that well studied within their populations outside of Europe. The remaining species, particularly those found in India and sub-Saharan Africa, are poorly studied in terms of migration, and are thought to be mostly resident. Keywords: Gyps fulvus, Aegypius monachus, Neophron percnopterus, migration, telemetry
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Foreigners in the Czech Republic: history, trends and patterns
Stejskal, Jan ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Foreigners in the Czech Republic: history, trends and patterns Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on foreigners legally residing in the Czech Republic from the demographic perspective. It is based primarily on data on foreigners that are available from public sources. It presents fundamental legal regulations that affect the residence of foreigners in Czechia, it also discusses the statistical registration of foreigners and the main sources of data about them. Attention is paid to the history of international migration in Czechia, to the development of the number of foreigners in Czechia, acquisition of Czech citizenship by foreigners and international protection in the Czech Republic. Space is also devoted to the demographic events and processes of foreigners, to their demographic patterns and the spatial distribution of foreigners in the Czech Republic. This thesis offers international comparisons of the number of foreigners with the member countries of the European Union. It also focuses on the Ukrainian refugee crisis that started in 2022. A new contribution of this thesis is analysis of mortality of foreigners and the structure of live births of foreigners in 2021 and 2022 including a comparison with the population of Czech citizens. It can serve as a basis for more more in-depth analysis in the...
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Global phylogeography of the deep-sea fishes
Knězů, Tereza ; Musilová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Vukićová, Jasna (referee)
Phylogeography of deep-sea fish remains poorly explored, largely due to the extreme conditions in which these organisms live and limited technological capabilities for researching these species. The aim of this thesis is to summarize the information known about the phylogeography of deep-sea fish, identify factors influencing population distributions, and connect them on a global scale. The distribution of deep-sea fish populations is influenced by physical, topographic, and hydrographic factors. Their connectivity is driven by the migratory abilities of fish and the utilization of marine currents for their dispersion. Migration is divided into vertical and horizontal. The vast majority of deep sea fish undergo some form of migration, at least during ontogenetic development. The most common is diurnal vertical migration, where fish regularly move to shallower depths at night for feeding. Molecular methods, mainly mitochondrial DNA markers, were used for research to determine the phylogenetic tree of species. The results suggest that the topography of the seafloor is rarely a barrier to the flow of genetic information. Furthermore, the results often refute the hypothesis of isolation caused by the distance between populations. They often exhibit a relatively high rate of panmixia. When speciation...
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Perceptions of climate change and environmental migration in Kenya: the analysis of Afrobarometer data
Přikryl, Šimon ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Masná, Eliška (referee)
Abstracts: Climate migration is one of the most discussed topics in political, media, and public discourse. In recent years, there has been a major paradigm shift in climate migration research. Increasingly, there has been a move away from "top-down" approaches using climatological and meteorological data, with the predictions of these analyses often overestimating the importance of climate in migration decision-making, to a so-called "bottom-up" approach dealing with climate perceptions and subjective factors entering the migration decision- making process. This bachelor thesis is mainly based on the latter paradigm and deals with the complex relationships between key factors (variables) entering into the individual migration decision-making process. It also examines regional variations in these variables within Kenyan provinces. The research findings, based on the statistical analysis of data for 1,600 respondents from the Afrobarometer organization, support the presumption that examining subjective perceptions of environmental change is vital in environmental and climate migration research, and that a number of socio-economic characteristics enter the migration decision-making process in the context of the climate migration. Keywords: Kenya; climate perception; climate change; migration; sub-Saharan Africa
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Glycolytic enzymes and their inhibition in cancer cell invasiveness
Martinková, Eliška ; Peltanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Raudenská, Martina (referee)
Glycolysis, an essential metabolic pathway, serves to obtain energy from glucose. All ten enzymes, which are part of the glycolytic pathway, may be involved in processes that influence migration and the ability of tumor cells to invade surrounding tissues, which is closely related to the formation of metastases. Since the majority of patients with diagnosed solid tumors die because of complications associated with primary tumor metastases, studying this phenomenon is of great interest. The purpose of this thesis is to summarize the findings on the relationship between glycolytic enzymes and tumor cell invasion. Diverse roles of enzymes related to invasion, migration and metastases are described herein, ranging from influencing angiogenesis, cytoskeleton formation and mRNA and protein stabilization to affecting various signal cascades. Room is devoted not only to the relevant mechanisms at the molecular level but also to the results of research focused on therapy to date. The thesis also provides an overview of selected inhibitors of glycolytic enzymes that affect tumor cells invasion. Key words: invasion, migration, metastasis, glycolytic enzymes, inhibition, EMT, Warburg effect
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Susceptibility of European vector species to leishmaniases spreading into Europe.
Hošková, Anna ; Sádlová, Jovana (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
The first part of this thesis is focused on testing the ability of selected European sand fly species to support the development of Leishmania major, L. donovani and L. martiniquensis. A total of 15 experimental infections were performed and 1601 female sand flies were analysed. The results show that Phlebotomus perniciosus and P. tobbi support development of L. major and L. donovani (mature infections with colonization of the stomodeal valve and metacyclic promastigotes developed), while L. martiniquensis did not survive defecation. The vector competence of Sergentomyia minuta to Leishmania could not be tested because the females of this species refused to take blood meal on feeders, although several types of membranes, blood and experimental conditions were tested. Further, biting midges were studied in two areas of Czech equine autochthonous cases of L. martiniquensis. A total of 3341 bloodfed and parous females from Slatiňany and 119 from Ústí n. L. were analysed. The most abundant were biting midges from the Culicoides obsoletus complex. None of the 97 pools were positive for Leishmania DNA, but in 15 pools from Slatiňany was detected DNA of Herpetomonas ztiplika and one pool from Ústí n. L. contained DNA of Trypanosoma sp. from T. theileri group. The isolation of L. martiniquensis was...
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Methodology for setting firewall rules
Vagner, Michal ; Jan,, Burian (referee) ; Sedlák, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on explaining the concept of firewalls, and especially next-generation firewalls. It introduces their specific representative Barracuda CloudGen Firewall, project management and technologies such as Python and RESTful API. Based on these findings it creates an implementation proposal for migrating and creating firewall policies on Barracuda CloudGen Firewall in COMGUARD a.s.
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Employment of foreigners in the Czech Republic
MUSIL, Tomáš
This thesis deals with the employment of foreigners in the Czech Republic. It characterizes the legal setting in the current legislation and the historical development of the topic of foreigners in the Czech Republic. The thesis reflects the economic situation of the last few years influenced by the very low unemployment rate in the Czech Republic, but also by the current political situation caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the related refugee crisis towards the EU. The method of conducting the research consisted of a questionnaire survey with domestic employers, together with a guided interview with the HR director, who is also a former foreigner. The data collected through the questionnaires and other secondary data were used for descriptive statistics and to validate the research questions using independence test and time series analysis.
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Dynamics of Residential Differentiation and Segregation of Foreigners in Czech Metropolitan Areas
Klsák, Adam ; Ouředníček, Martin (advisor) ; Čermák, Zdeněk (referee) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
Czechia has become a noteworthy case study of international migration within Central and Eastern Europe. With a steadily increasing inflow of international migrants, it is anticipated that their contribution to the societal and urban dynamics will become more pronounced. This influx has led to a rise in socio-economic and ethnic heterogeneity, reflected in spatial patterns where distinctive population groups are localized. The expe- riences from traditional immigration countries indicate that the voluntary concentration of foreigners into ethnic enclaves often serves as an intermediary phase in the integration process. However, it can also pose significant risks in situations where immigrants are not willing to participate in broader society or face exclusion. The primary goal of this dissertation is to enhance the comprehension of the spatial distribution of foreigners across selected Czech metropolitan areas and to explain the related phenomena on multiple scales within the urban hierarchy. The investigation seeks suitable data sources and methodological frameworks to analyze the current state, trajectory, determinants, and particularities of socio-spatial differentiation and segrega- tion. Furthermore, a significant focus lies in the nuanced and theoretically grounded interpretation of results,...
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