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Adherence to medical regimens by hypertensive patients
KUBÁTOVÁ, Veronika
Introduction: The bachelor thesis deals with an adherence of regime measures by patients with hypertension. Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. Regime measures are the basis of treatment, which include weight loss, regular exercise, limiting salt in the diet, quitting smoking, abstinence from alcohol and reducing stress. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out whether patients over the age of 50 with hypertension are informed about the regime measures and whether they comply them. Methodology: A quantitative method was chosen for the research part of the thesis. The data was collected by using a self-constructed questionnaire that included 25 questions. The research group consisted of patients older than 50 years suffering from hypertension who were hospitalized in a medical facility in the South Bohemian Region. Results: It was found out that respondents' knowledge of lifestyle measures related to the treatment of hypertension differs statistically significantly by gender (p = 2%), but does not differ by age (p = 72%). The data shows that women have more knowledge than men. Compliance of regime measures also differs statistically significantly by gender (p = 1.8%), but does not vary by age (30.5%). Women follow the measures more consistently than men. Respondents aged between 61 and 70 showed the best results, both in knowledge and compliance, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although the results have provided a fairly satisfactory picture of patients' knowledge, it is still important that people with hypertension are regularly educated. The thesis can serve as a source of information for both laymen and paramedics. An educational leaflet has been created for hypertensive patients with basic information that every hypertensive patient should know.
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Processing of a continual blood pressure signal
Svobodová, Ivana ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Vondra, Vlastimil (advisor)
Bachelor thesis contains a general description of the blood pressure phenomenon and its importance and also deals with diseases, such as hypotension and hypertension. The work also includes a literature review of blood pressure measuring methods. Closely are discussed the non-invasive methods. The result of the work is also a unique program designed in Matlab, which is developed for signal processing of continuous blood pressure measurement for detection of SBP and DBP and MAP, pulse after pulse. To verify the functionality of the program, the further implementation was carried out in GUI. In conclusion, the obtained data are beeing analyzed statistically.
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Design of Blood Pressure Monitor
Běťáková, Vendula ; Řezníček, Svatopluk (referee) ; Fridrichová, Eva (advisor)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is a proposal design of blood pressure monitor, which should respect the functional requirements and conceptualize the technical and aesthetic aspects. The work includes a study of the current market situation and development of new technologies in the field. The proposal deals with an ergonomic design and issues.
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Causal interaction analysis of cardiovascular signals
Tiurina, Mariia ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Svačinová, Jana (advisor)
Application of the non-invasive methods to detection of the baroreflex sensitivity is a correct way to evaluate the functions of cardiovascular system. This master’s thesis describes the theoretical informations about the problem of baroreflex sensitivity from anatomical, patalogical and clinical views. Theoretical knowledges are foundation for mathematical description of some methods to detection of baroreflx sensitivity in time, frequency and information dimensions. In the practical part of the master’s theses are presented two methods of BRS detection – sequence method based on finding the specific sequences of time series signals and method of application bivariante autoregressive model. Both of methods are implemented in MATLAB. The results of testing data on real data are discussed.
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Analysis of temporal retinal sequences
Nováková, Marie ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
This thesis deals with a method of the retinal image acquisition by fundus camera, their properties and evaluation of the retinal vessel diameter from acquired images. Several studies dealing with usage of retinal vessels diameters for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and glaucoma are described. The second part of this thesis is focused on the extraction of the retinal blood-vessels pulsation from retinal sequences and the basic processing of extracted pulsation signals. The proposed method is described in details and tested on one dataset.
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Study of the mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds on vascular smooth muscle
Alves Dias, Patrícia Alexandra ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Kyselovič, Ján (referee) ; Štengl, Milan (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Doctoral Degree Program Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate Patrícia Alexandra Alves Dias, M.Sc. Supervisor prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Advisor assoc. prof. Jana Pourová, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Study of the mechanisms of action of phenolic compounds on the vascular smooth muscle Cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease remain the leading cause of death worldwide. In addition, discouraging estimations have suggested a future increase in the number of cardiovascular patients. Thus, novel treatment modalities are clearly needed to prevent or reverse these epidemic trends. Phenolic compounds contain one or more hydroxyl groups bound to a benzene ring. This class of chemicals includes: a) natural compounds (e.g., dietary polyphenols and small phenolic metabolites) referred to as nutraceuticals due to their claimed health-promoting effects and b) synthetic compounds (e.g., bisphenols) which, on the contrary, have been suggested to negatively affect human health. Even if there are claims that polyphenol-rich diet is associated with cardioprotective effects, important...
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Effects of isoflavonoids and their metabolites on vascular smooth muscles in vitro and in vivo
Migkos, Thomas ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Studenik, Christian (referee) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Candidate: Thomas Migkos, M.Sc. Supervisor: Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D, Ph.D. Consultant: Assoc. Prof. Jana Pourová, Pharm.D, Ph.D. Title of dissertation thesis: Effects of isoflavonoids and their metabolites on vascular smooth muscles in vitro and in vivo The dietary intake of flavonoids seems to be inversely related to cardiovascular mortality, in particular on coronary artery disease. The consumption of isoflavonoids, one class of flavonoids, has been increasing in the general population, especially due to the use of food supplements and a variety of isoflavonoid-rich foods. Although their bioavailability is low, they undergo extensive gastrointestinal metabolism by human bacteria, leading to smaller metabolites with a much higher degree of bioavailability. However, detailed studies on the impact of individual pure isoflavonoids on vascular system were mostly missing and much less was known for the effect of their colonic metabolites in this field. In the present study sixteen isoflavonoids, four metabolites and the racemic mixture of one of them were initially screened ex vivo for their vasorelaxant properties on rat aortas. The most potent of them, biochanin A, glycitein, O-desmethylangolensin...
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Cardioprotective action of remote ischemic perconditioning in rats
Chalupová, Miloslava ; Neckář, Jan (advisor) ; Žaloudíková, Marie (referee)
Remote ischemic perconditioning (RIPerC) stimulated by brief nonlethal periods of ischemia and reperfusion of a remote organ or a tissue applied during myocardial infarction, is a powerful cardioprotective maneuver. Because of its easy realization, for example, through inflation and deflation of blood pressure cuff, this method has a big potential for translation to clinical settings. The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of RIPerC as a reduction of infarct size and the incidence and severity of ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias and to examine, whether this protective effect will be confirmed also in rats with partial deletion of a transcriptional factor of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α is a main regulator of hypoxic intracellular signalization and its role was previously indicated in cardioprotection by local ischemic preconditioning. Anesthetized rats were subjected to 20 minutes of the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. RIPerC was performed by 3 cycles of 4 minutes of ischemia and 2 minutes of reperfusion with a pressure cuff placed on both hind-limbs. This study shows that RIPerC failed to induce protection in any observed factors of ischemia-reperfusion heart injury. Key words: heart,...
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The circulating cell-free DNA as a biomarker of civilization diseases
Dyachenko, Yulia ; Daňková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Vaňková, Markéta (referee)
The incidence of civilization diseases in the population is increasing every year due to changing environmental conditions and modern lifestyles. These diseases reduce the quality of life, lead to health complications or even death of patients. This can be prevented by monitoring health status. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) has the potential to be introduced as a non-invasive biomarker. Possible mechanisms of cfDNA release are apoptosis, necrosis, NETosis, pyroptosis and active secretion. The occurrence of these processes in some civilization diseases allows the use of cfDNA as a biomarker. The aim of this work was to summarize the current knowledge on the possibility of using cfDNA in the diagnosis, monitoring of the development and course of some diseases of civilization, namely obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke. From the available literature it can be concluded that cfDNA could be used in clinical practice for the purposes described above. Key words: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), civilization diseases, biomarker, obesity, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke.
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