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The effect of reducing the salt content on the sensory quality of liver pâtés
Adamusová, Sandra ; Slavíková, Zuzana (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The bachelor thesis examines the impact of salt reduction on the sensory quality of liver pâté. The aim of the thesis is to create a sensorially acceptable pâté, in which a portion of the added salt will be replaced with potassium chloride. The theoretical part describes the composition and properties of meat, ingredients used in pâté production, and the technological process of its manufacture. Furthermore, the theoretical part elaborates on the conditions and methods of sensory analysis and sensory evaluation of pâté. The literature review also includes a description of the ICP-OES technique. The experimental part deals with the preparation of samples for sensory analysis, optimization of salt in the basic recipe, and evaluation of heat treatment. Finally, the total concentration of sodium and potassium in the individual samples was measured using ICP-OES. The results of the sensory analysis showed that the optimal salt content in the pâté is 1.09 wt. %.This content was partially replaced by KCl. It was found that a 20–40% substitution has no significant impact on the sensory properties of the product. For higher substitution, the addition of L-arginine was necessary, which positively influenced the overall perception of the pâté.
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Monitoring of nutritionally imporatnt elements and inorganic contaminants in moravian red wines
Dukát, Dominik ; Trenzová, Kristina (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the monitoring of selected elements, mainly toxic and nutritionally important macro- and microelements, in Moravian red wines. The aim of this work was to compare the elemental composition between biovines and wines from other production systems and also to compare wines from four Moravian sub-regions. For these analyses, two analytical methods were chosen: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of microelements and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the determination of macroelement concentrations. ANOVA (analysis of variance) test was used for further evaluation. Nickel, magnesium and potassium were identified as statistically significant elements.
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Soil solution - supramolecular architecture and stability of dissolved organic matter
Trubková, Eliška ; Doskočil, Leoš (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
This final thesis is focused on the complex physico-chemical characterization of soil solutions, especially with a focus on the study of the stability and molecular architecture of dissolved organic matter. The subject of the study was six soil solutions obtained from lysimeters in the Závišín locality. Three soil solution samples were taken in December 2022 and the remaining three samples were taken one month later in January 2023, at horizons at 40, 60 and 80 cm below the soil surface. Characterization of soil solutions included measurements of their pH and conductivity. Mass and optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma was used to determine the concentration of cations. The determination of the total dissolved organic matter content was carried out according to the technical standard ČSN 75 7536 and the values of absorption coefficients were calculated using UV/Vis spectrometry. Functional groups and basic structures of soil solutions were identified based on the evaluated spectra from infrared spectrometry with Fourier transformation. The main contribution was fluorescence spectrometry, which was used to determine the fluorescence intensities of A–fulvic-like and C–humic-like fluorophores. Particle size was also measured using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential, which was a suitable indicator of the stability of selected soil solution samples. The obtained results very well characterized both individual soil solutions and dissolved organic matter.
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Production technology of wine sausage with reduced salt content
Martonová, Rebeka ; Punčochářová, Lenka (referee) ; Mikulíková, Renata (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was preparation of wine sausages with reduced salt content, followed- up by sensory analysis. The theoretical part generally characterizes meat and meat products, sodium chloride and its importance in food. In the next chapters, the paper deals with sensory analysis of samples and analytical method for determining the concentration of elements in biogenic samples, in particular inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry. The experimental past focuses on the evaluation of data from sensory analysis using the Kruskal- Wallis and Spearman test. The samples were analyzes using ICP-OES method. The analysis determined the concentration of sodium and potassium in the samples before and after roasting.
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Determination of basic nutritional parameters in edible insects
Korček, Jakub ; Štursa, Václav (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis is dicussed nutritional value of chosen insect species. Analysed samples consisted of worms, crickets and locusts. Analysed parameters were: total nitrogen, crude protein, total lipids and content of chosen elements. Total lipids were, after homogenization, determined by Soxhlet method, using diethyl ether as a solvent. Prior to protein and element determination, samples did undergo Kjehldal digestion process, using sulfuric acid. Weiniger catalyst was only added to samples digested for protein measurement. Element content was determined by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). Crude protein was determined by Kjeldahl method. The highest protein content was determined in crickets. (75 ± 5) %. Locusts contained the highest lipid content (33 ± 2) %. We also found out, that samples were rich in calcium, potassium, manganese and zinc, which are all important elements for the proper functioning of our body. The results of this thesis prove, that insects can present nutritionally important food.
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Monitoring of selected metals in comercial bio wines
Bortlová, Alžběta ; Reichstädter, Marek (referee) ; Pořízka, Jaromír (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on monitoring of selected metals in commercial organic wines. The aim of this thesis was to compare element content of organically produced wines with wines originating from other agrotechnical production system. Optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) was used for element analysis of wine. Statistical method analysis of variance has been used to assess whether the concentrations of the elements showed statistical differences between wines originating from organic production and wines originating from other production systems. Statistical differences were found in 3 of 20 analysed elements. Correlations between the element analysis and type of production system of grapevine were observed in content of the zinc, nickel and manganese.
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Analysis of onion and garlic samples of different geographical origin
Korček, Jakub ; Mikulíková, Renata (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
Presented master thesis dealt with the analysis of garlic and onion samples and tried to find correlations between chemical composition and country of origin. The parameters examined were dry content, crude protein content, concentration of phenolic compunds, carbohydrate content (fructose, glucose), alliin content and concentration of selected elements (P, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Fe, Zn). Average content of dry matter of fresh samples was 35,84 ±2,12 g/100 g and of dehydrated samples was 90,61 ±2,90 g/100 g. Concentration of phenolic compounds was measured spectrophotometrically with Folin-Ciocault reagent. Average phenolic compounds content of samples was 0,1840 ±0,1286 GAE g/100 g. Crude protein content was measured by Kjeldahl method, and calculated from total nitrogen content. Carbohydrates were measured by HPLC-ELSD after hydrolysis of fructans. Average content of fructose of garlic samples was 57,014 ±0,863 g/100 g, of onion samples was 33,718 ±1,168 g/100 g. Average content of glucose of onion samples was 22,633 ±0,405 g/100 g. Alliin content was measured by HPLC-DAD method. Average alliin content of fresh samples was 4,644 ±0,446 g/100 g and of dehydrated samples was 1,962 ±0,180 g/100 g. Elemental analysis was conducted by ICP-OES method. Average concentration of selected elements was: P 2,15 ±0,11 mg/g, Mg 0,638 ±0,03 mg/g, Ca 1,246 ±0,05 mg/g, Na 0,550 ±0,08 mg/g, K 7,49 ±0,41 mg/g, Fe 79,3 ±6,16 mg/kg, Zn 11,4 ±3,33 mg/kg. Obtained data were statistically processed on significance level 0,05. Based on the principal components analysis, it was found, that the best parameters to differentiate samples from Czechia, Poland and Ukraine from other countries were content of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and calcium. It was also discovered, that genus differences between onion and garlic have greater significance than geographical differences.
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Analysis of czech garlic varieties
Fähnrichová, Nikola ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This master thesis deals with analysis of Czech garlic varieties in comparison with two varieties from abroad. Alliin and carbohydrates were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector or evaporative light scattering detector. Crude proteins were calculated from total content of nitrogen that was determinated by Kjeldahl method. Elementary analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In theoretical part of this thesis is describes botanical characterization and cultivation of garlic, chemical composition of garlic, especially groups of substances which were analysed in this thesis. Principle of used methods is described too. The experimental part of this work deals with sample and calibration solution preparation and process of analysis. Obtained results from analysed substances are summarized in the tables, discussed and compared with results of analysis of other authors. Between Czech and Spanish/Chinese garlic are slight differences. Garlics contain 24,66 g/kg dry weight of alliin. Content of crude proteins in Czech garlic is comparable to Chinese garlic but the Spanish garlic has just half of amount crude proteins. Elementary analysis also includes significant differences. Czech varieties contain higher amount of phosphorus, iron and zinc. On the contrary, content of potassium in foreign garlic is higher than in Czech Republic and the analysed amount is 15 g/kg dry weight.
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