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Microbial consortia and metagenome of industrially polluted soil: occurrence of genes encoding AEH
Pitkina, Anastasiya ; Kyslík, Pavel (advisor) ; Lichá, Irena (referee)
Soils contain highly diverse consortia of bacteria making them very attractive starting points for both culture-dependent and metagenomic discovery efforts. The present diploma thesis analyses the composition of the microbial community from pharmaceutically polluted soil, with the employment of next-generation Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA region. This analysis revealed high complexity of the soil microbial environment and confirmed that anthropogenic activity (represented by production of beta- lactam antibiotics) influences the variability and abundance of the species, yet without reducing the microbial diversity. In the second part of the thesis, isolation and heterologous expression of a novel gene encoding alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (AEH) from a cultivable soil microorganism B. cereus is described. AEHs possess industrial potential for biocatalytic synthesis of semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotics, which are presently of great clinical importance. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Perspectives on the use of metabolic engineering in beta-lactam antibiotic biosyntheses
Pitkina, Anastasiya ; Kyslík, Pavel (advisor) ; Nunvář, Jaroslav (referee)
At present beta-lactams achieve leading positions among antibiotics as to the volume of sales and importance of utilization. This thesis compares selected industrially used chemical and enzymatic ways of production of beta-lactam antibiotics and further concentrates on the application of relatively novel approach of metabolic engineering in beta-lactam biosyntheses. Currently some of the described methods based on metabolic engineering are already being applied in production processes,whereas other technologies remain rather a theoretical possibility.
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The Influence of International Organizations on the Position of Developing Countries in Global Economy
Pitkina, Anastasiya ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Jiránková, Martina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to find out how developing countries are involved into the global economy, what are the differences in engagement of different regions, and how international organizations (in particular IMF, WB, WTO and UNCTAD) influence the position of developing countries. The thesis also aims to evaluate conditions and possible developmental strategies, as well as causes of unsuccessful engagement. Further, the critical view on functioning of international organizations is brought. The thesis is divided into two parts; each of them consists of four chapters. The first part as a whole deals with the differentiation among developing countries and ways they are involved into the world economy. The second part shows the role of international institutions in the process of integration of developing countries.
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