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Frege and Husserl on Objectivity
Jankovská, Lenka ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Beran, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with early works of significant logi- cians and philosophers Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Most importantly, it deals with their solution of the objectivity of arithmetic and the objectivity itself. At first they both started in the same direction and they har- shly rejected psychologism. They also introduced similar differentiation of sense and reference. According to Frege, the reference of a sentence is a truth value, however, according to Husserl, it is a state of affairs. The sense is the way of referring to an object, also called intentionality. The sense in a sentence is a thought according to Frege and it is a noema according to Husserl. They both put emphasis on objectivity of number but they gradually went in different direction. Frege identified number with extension of concept, however, this subsequently let his system to dispute. Husserl derived number by abstraction, which exposed him to Frege's harsh criticism. Key words Frege, Husserl, objectivity, logic
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"Back to the rough ground": application of late Wittgenstein's philosophy in the methodology of anthropology and social sciences
Vejnbender, Kristina ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Beran, Ondřej (referee) ; Hvorecký, Juraj (referee)
The objective of the dissertation is to analyze the late philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein in order to show its possible application in the methodology of anthropology and social sciences. The thesis deals with the analysis of several key concepts of the late Wittgenstein, among which are language game, form of life, family resemblance, criteria of meaningfulness and the notion of skepticism. The research is based on Wittgenstein's antifundamentalist notion of meaning as use and recapitulates the debate over the consequences that follow from his theory. My analysis suggests that features of Wittgenstein-inspired methodology may include the following characteristics: preference for practice over theory, emphasis on a variety of examples, and research into the ordinary language. The last tool for examining criteria of understanding is the emphasis on the flip side of the certainty of the form of life, that is skepticism, which makes it possible to make visible the dynamic meanings contained in linguistic and social practice. The mentioned requirements are met by the ethnographic work of Veena Das, which I address in the final chapter.
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Návrh malého (vířivého) bubnu z vertikálních bloků a jeho výroba
Beran, Ondřej
Bachelor thesis is confused on design and production of snare drum of the vertical blocks. You can see technological process and production of drum since raw board throught wood processing, how to put brum body tohether, gluing, till surface finish. Next there is a testing of acoustic properties of created drum and methodics of testing. There is comparsion between created drum and mass production drum.
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Frege and Husserl on Objectivity
Jankovská, Lenka ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Beran, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis is concerned with early works of significant logi- cians and philosophers Gottlob Frege and Edmund Husserl at the turn of the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Most importantly, it deals with their solution of the objectivity of arithmetic and the objectivity itself. At first they both started in the same direction and they har- shly rejected psychologism. They also introduced similar differentiation of sense and reference. According to Frege, the reference of a sentence is a truth value, however, according to Husserl, it is a state of affairs. The sense is the way of referring to an object, also called intentionality. The sense in a sentence is a thought according to Frege and it is a noema according to Husserl. They both put emphasis on objectivity of number but they gradually went in different direction. Frege identified number with extension of concept, however, this subsequently let his system to dispute. Husserl derived number by abstraction, which exposed him to Frege's harsh criticism. Key words Frege, Husserl, objectivity, logic
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Language and individuality. Some remarks on comparing Wittgenstein with Husserl and Heidegger
Beran, Ondřej ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee) ; Glombíček, Petr (referee)
The work compares Wittgenstein with Husserl and Heidegger (or more generally: analytical and continental philosophy), but its character is rather systematic, as it treats the question of the relation among language, intersubjectivity and individuality. Husserl and Wittgensten show that our experience of the world (world as we know it) is always our experience of the world ("the world as it is for us"), that this experience is essentially intersubjective, and that intersubjectivity is essentially linguistic. The shape of the experience of the world is not arbitrary, but it cannot be based "realistically" on the "objective" world, at most it can be founded "from inside", pragmatically. The primarily pragmatic nature of our experience allows its variation (a plausible form of relativism), and on the other hand it makes it problematic to try to set the purpose of the experience beyond its limits (an absolute teleology of history). It is also shown that Husserl's conception, setting the non-linguistic life of the consciousness "before" language and individual subjectivity "before" intersubjectivity, faces certain problems, or that we cannot conceive phenomena of thought (psychic life) and individuality, as we usually understand them, this way. Heidegger agrees with Wittgenstein in the point that language is...
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The role of the immune response in the pathophysiology of infectious meningitis
Beran, Ondřej ; Holub, Michal (advisor) ; Bartošová, Drahomíra (referee) ; Langmeier, Miloš (referee)
CNS infections continue to be associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Thus, it is neccessary to improve current diagnostic and therapeutical approaches. Better understanding to the pathophysiology of CNS infections is crucial for this process. In this thesis, the results of 4 clinical studies and 1 experimental study were presented. The overall aim of the studies was to expand knowledge about the immunopathophysiology of infectious meningitis (IM). For this purpose, we analysed several parameters of cellular immunity, cytokine production and activation of endogenous endocrine response during IM. Also, a potential use of new biomarkers in differential diagnostics of IM was evaluated. The results documented that the immune response during acute bacterial meningitis (BM) as well as aseptic meningitis (AM) is compartmentalized to the CNS. The most important changes take place in the subarachnoideal space; however, several alterations of the innate and adaptive immunity were found in peripheral blood as well. Novel findings observed in our studies are as follows: The presense of activated macrophages (HLA-DR+) is associated with a favorable outcome of in patients with BM. In patients with BM, a high inflammatory response in the CNS which is associated with elevated cytokine and chemokine...
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