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Ethical aspects of the preimplantatory genetic daignosis
Hájek Žůrková, Barbora ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
This thesis explores the ethical aspects associated with preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in the context of reproductive medicine. In addition to significant advancements in medical care, the continuous technological progress in medicine also brings forth increasing opportunities for manipulating the fragility of human individuality at the genetic level. Alongside preimplantation diagnosis, a growing number of ethical questions arise concerning potential risks associated with this method, which will be the focus of this work. The ethics of PGD will be examined primarily from the perspectives of bioethics and Christian ethics. Emphasis is placed on discussing human dignity, rights, and responsibilities within the realm of reproductive technologies. The aim of the thesis is to provide a deeper understanding of the ethical dimensions of PGD and to contribute to the discussion on ethical challenges in the field of reproductive medicine. At the same time, the thesis will attempt to propose solutions that would lead to an increase in the ethical acceptability of this technique. Keywords Bioethics, reproductive medicine, preimplantation diagnosis, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization
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Decision-making in lack of resources in the health care system during mass casualties and disasters
Šeblová, Jana ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
Decision-making in lack of resources in the health care system during mass casualties and disasters The thesis discusses the ethics of decicion-making in the situation of the lack of material and personnel resources during managing mass casualties and disasters. The overview of basics of disaster medicine, prinicples of crisis preparedness and management of mass casualties are presented in the introduction. Basic terms are explained here: types of mass casualties, phases of reaction, immediate response services, and special attention is dedicated to explanation of medical triage during normal and extreme circumstances. The second part of the thesis deals with ethical theories related to disaster medicine. Deontology, consequentialism, utilitarism, ethics of biomedical principles, virtue ethics, justice and the concept of human rights, communitarism and care ethics are analysed. COVID-19 pandemic was chosen as a reference event. It is presented as a case report focusing on decision-making concerning allocation of scarce resources in the health care system. Guidelines for ethical decision-making during the critical phases of pandemic that were created in the years 2020-2021 are analysed. Some possible activities for improvement of crisis preparedness for future challenges of disaster medicine are...
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Biblical Grounds for Ethically Responsible Approach to the Acceptance of Strangers
Štica, Petr ; Rethmann, Albert-Peter (referee) ; Ryšková, Mireia (referee)
7 Summary The submitted rigorous thesis (Biblical Grounds for Ethically Responsible Approach to Acceptance of Strangers) describes biblical view on the question of receiving strangers. The text·is constituted by the presentation of basic biblical texts to the given topic, including their brief exegesis and interpretation, by the synthesis of fundamental biblical theological views and conclusions, and introduction of relevant biblical anthropological topics related to biblical theology of creation (above all the human dignity and the idea of "totus orbis" - i. e. the universalist idea of humankind unity). Since the presented reflection can be used in the theological ethical reflection of the phenomenon, the introducing chapter submits basic methodological notes related to the nexus ofbiblical hermeneutics and Christian social ethics. Key words: stranger alien foreigner Bible acceptance of strangers ethics 106
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Media without virtue? Ethical aspects of the digital structural transformation of the public
Vizina, Petr ; Štica, Petr (advisor) ; Ovečka, Libor (referee)
The thesis is an attempt to capture some of the ethical and social challenges posed by the digital structural transformation of the public. In the text I develop the idea of the social doctrine of the Church, which considers media as a means of communication as a gift from God. The paper investigates whether and how this fundamental aspect of Christian social ethics can be considered in the context of the fundamental transformation of social and individual communication during digital structural change. The thesis aims to explore how and where classic norms of journalism such as impartiality, balance and factuality on the part of the media are shifting and changing in a new context, in the context of the spread and availability of digital technologies and how digital platforms have transformed the production and dissemination of media content. Questions around the economic and knowledge asymmetries associated with the development of communication technologies, and the social and ethical implications for the actions of individuals and communities are part of the consideration. Okomentoval(a): [EB1]: Nad tímto odstavcem chybí podle mě volný řádek, podobně níže u Keywords
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Ethical reflection of human smuggling in the contemporary discussion
Cahlík, Jakub ; Jinek, Jakub (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
The thesis deals with the phenomenon of human smuggling into the European Union and the subsequent ethical reflection on such behaviour. Human smuggling is an illegal activity, the eradication of which has become one of the main objectives of European policy to curb irregular migration in recent years. However, this has been done without reflecting on the specific acts of smuggling, which has resulted in the criminalisation of actions that are morally right and even necessary, as they help to fulfil the fundamental human rights of migrants. This thesis presents people smuggling into the EU in its entirety, provides the socio-historical context from which the phenomenon emerges, and outlines an approach to how people smuggling can be ethically evaluated in specific situations so as to avoid condemning humanitarian acts. Key words Human smuggling, human rights, state sovereignty, irregular migration, ethics
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Justice and dignity in deciding on the allocation of scarce resources in the provision of medical care in a situation of scarcity.
Malý, Lukáš ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
The problem of allocation of scarce resources in the provision of curative - preventive care in the period lack includes many dimensions. Human dignity and justice can be understood as central concepts, with regard to the social teaching of the Catholic Church. The aim of the work is to describe the role and mutual relationship of both concepts and to offer a basic view of the topic of the allocation of rare resources in the contemporary discussion in the conditions of the Czech Republic. In this context, the question of justice with an emphasis on human dignity appears as a central theme. In the second part, on the normative level, the work is focused on the concept of inherent and contingent dignity, as two main lines of meaning. The importance of inherent dignity cannot be questioned in the context of medical ethics and bioethics. But is the concept of dignity attributed from the outside, based on certain characteristics, abilities and skills (the so-called contingent dignity) also relevant and what role can it play in the situation of scarce resources in the framework of their allocation? How can this category be understood given the need to prioritize in a situation of scarcity?
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The price of our privacy - Ethical reflection of gathering and monetization of personal data of social media users
Pošmurná, Lucie ; Štica, Petr (advisor) ; Fošum, Jan (referee)
Social media are inseparable part of our lives and one of main means of communication for individuals as well as companies. According to data of the Czech Statistical Office published at the end of 2021, overall majority of citizens above the age sixteen is using social media. Along with the increasing popularity of social media, the light is also shed on the accompanying risks. Excessive gathering of users' personal data poses one of main risks. The fact that they are provided voluntarily does not entitle companies to use them arbitrarily. As an example we can point out problematic decisions of Meta Platforms, Inc., which have been released by former employee Frances Haugen. Published materials prove that management of the company was aware of negative impacts of Facebook on its users (spread of disinformation, mental health deterioration of teenagers). However, they chose not to adopt any measures, which could cause reduction of profits. The goal of this thesis is to carry out ethical reflection of collection and usage of Facebook users' personal data. I will focus particularly on the ethical aspects of data monetization, i.e. an ethical tension between legitimate claim of the company to profit and possible misuse of the platform to influence the opinions of its users, which could have actual...
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Theological-ethical Reflection of Corporate In-houseLobbying in the Czech Construction Industry
Havelka, Ondřej ; Štica, Petr (advisor) ; Češka, Roman (referee) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
Corporate in-house lobbying is an extremely topical, widely used and largely non- stipulated and controversial political and economic phenomenon, which, moreover, has no legislative support in the form of a valid law in the Czech Republic. The non- stipulation, controversy and ignorance of the context directly call for an ethical consideration of in-house lobbying, which is still absent in the field of theological ethics. The aim of the Dissertation is to verify the moral legitimacy of instrumentalized in-house lobbying. It deals with the question of what form and degree of morally legitimate instrumentalized in-house lobbying is compatible with the bases of theological ethics. In addition to verifying the moral legitimacy of in-house lobbying, the work seeks internal constant criteria for defining the legitimacy of in-house lobbying and variable limits for specific competition in the construction industry. The summary then offers a model code of ethics for in-house lobbyists applicable to business practice. The thesis follows the three-step methodology, i.e. 1. see, 2. judge, 3. act; this three-step methodology is extended to seven internal stages. The thesis provides a theological and ethical evaluation of corporate in-house lobbying, finding this type of lobbying morally legitimate provided the...
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Ethical reflection of access of undocumented immigrants to healthcare in the Czech Republic
Surová, Zuzana ; Štica, Petr (advisor) ; Bouma, David (referee)
The diploma thesis "Ethical reflection of access of undocumented immigrants to healthcare in the Czech Republic" deals with ethically relevant aspects of access of undocumented immigrants to healthcare and healthcare system in the Czech Republic. The thesis focuses on healthcare in relation to human rights and on the role of states as a guarantor of human rights. The diploma thesis will reflect this topic from perspective of human rights and from ethical perspective. The thesis aims to propose measures of legislation scope in area of healthcare as well as immigration politics in the Czech Republic, which should contribute to find ethically responsible and human rights-oriented solution concerning the access of undocumented immigrants to healthcare and healthcare system. Keywords migration; undocumented immigrants; human rights; health care; health care system; Czech Republic
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The bioethical issue of using artificial intelligence the therapy of anxiety
Grepl, Václav ; Fošum, Jan (advisor) ; Štica, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with possible ethical problems in the use of artificial intelligence as a supportive therapeutic tool for managing anxiety states. Developments in the field of artificial intelligence are of increasing clinical importance for its use in the field of mental health care. Systems based on artificial intelligence often take over some support tasks even in the field of therapeutic interventions that were previously provided by clinical psychologists. One of the main tools of psychotherapy is the psychotherapeutic interview conducted between the patient and the therapist. The interview is important for creating a therapeutic relationship, determining a diagnosis and for the therapeutic process itself. The traditional model of psychotherapy is expanding, as part of mental health care is now starting to be provided, partly due to capacity reasons, by artificial intelligence conversational systems leading a therapeutic conversation with the recipient of the therapy. For the ethically responsible clinical use of artificial intelligence, it is necessary to identify the possible ethical consequences of the growing use of artificial intelligence in the field of mental health care and to create the basis for both decision-making about the dynamics and limits of its use, as well as the...
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