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Feminization of French profession words - sociolinguistic aspects
Zikmundová, Kateřina ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
(in English): Feminization of nouns desribing professions and titles became a much debated question after feministic mouvement had started to talk about language androcentrism in public in the seventies. The objective of feminsation is to provide women with social visibility, which regards mainly women occupying important posts and functions. In spite of objections of both sociological and linguistic character, the process made rapid headway over the past few decades and many feminized nouns has become common.
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Semantic differences in the use of gerund and present participle in French
Kalinová, Olga ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Duběda, Tomáš (referee)
Semantic differences in the use of gerund and present participle in French The objective of this memory is to systematize and expand the field of semantic differences between the gerund and the present participle in French. The departing point is that these -ant forms are two completely separate and independent grammatical forms from the morphological, syntactic and semantic points of view. These differences will be explained in the theoretical part of the work. Grammatical switching between these two forms is possible only when the present participle has the épithète détachée function. Unlike traditional French grammar, we assume that in this case there is a fine difference in meaning when gerund and present participle commute in sentences with identical environments. Our hypothesis, based on the approach of Saskia Kindt, consists in the difference in expression of intentionality. The empirical part will present the methodology for verifying the hypothesis and results from analysis of the corpus Frantext and questionnaire survey of native speakers. We would expect that the gerund will have the tendency to mark intentionality, while the present participle will be able to express non-intentional nuance in sentences with identical environment. By the explanation of the results, we will try to...
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Corpus analysis of the functions of the French adverbial en effet
Kocháňová, Alena ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Loucká, Hana (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the function of the French adverbial collocation en effet by applying contrastive bidrectional analysis on corpus material. The goal is to find out which factors influence its functions and meanings. En effet has two main roles: it either expresses the cause and works as an argumentative connector between sentences or it is an adverb of confirmation. This double role is reflected in the Czech language as well, where the equivalents of en effet can be totiž as well as skutečně. This paper aims to find out which function of en effet prevails in which conditions and whether the equivalents offered in Czech-French dictionaries correspond to the real practical use of en effet. The analysis is done on four types of texts - novels, newspaper articles, law texts acquis communautaire of the EU and the speeches given by the EU MPs in the European parliament. Four factors are analysed: frequency, position and argumentative/confirmative type of en effet in the texts as well as its Czech translations. This will enable us to contrast en effet with its potential synonyms effectivement and en fait. The French corpus Frantext as well as the Czech-French and French-Czech part of the parallel corpus InterCorp are used for the analysis. The first part of the thesis deals with...
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Systeme of relative pronouns in spoken French
Neudörfl, Martin ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee)
The relative pronoun system in spoken French represents an aspect of the French language that didn't receive appropriate attention by the scientific community until the second half of the 20th century. The aim of this work is to explore the system of relative clauses and related subordinate strategies in spoken variant of the French language, confronting it with its normative variant, as well as to explain causes of the existence of this diasystemism in French relative subordination. The main part of this work is a research based on testing representative non-normative constructions on internet forums and via a questionnaire. The results illustrate tendencies and the rate of acceptability of non-normative subordinate strategies using complementizer across the French speaking society, and thus contribute to a better understanding of this aspect of the French language.
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A corpus analysis of the semantic interpretation factors of the French gérondif
Nádvorníková, Olga ; Loucká, Hana (advisor) ; Sládková, Miroslava (referee) ; Radimský, Jan (referee)
in English A corpus analysis of the semantic interpretation factors of the French gérondif The aim of this work is to analyse factors influencing the interpretation of the implicit meaning of the French gérondif (Ger), and to explain, on the basis of this research, the semantic functioning of this non-finite verbal form (in connection with its equivalents in Czech). Our departing point is that the Ger form functions as an interpretation instruction, which defines the means of the integration of the action of the Ger into the action of the main proposition. This interpretation instruction defines the semantic invariant of the Ger, and thus its basic meaning; other meanings are derived on the basis of complex interactions of syntactic, lexical and pragmatic factors. The method used to examine these factors is based on a computer analysis of wide data acquired from monolingual and parallel corpora (FRANTEXT and InterCorp). Part I presents a summary of the results of the latest research of Ger and defines the specific factors: morphological which determine the essential interpretation instruction of the Ger (I.1.1) and basic relationships of aspect and time between the Ger and the main proposition (I.1.2); syntactic which define the Ger as a predication (I.2.1), its syntactic function in the context of...
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Language means of propositions with appeal communicative function - recommendations, advices
Kozáková, Irena ; Nádvorníková, Olga (referee) ; Loucká, Hana (advisor)
This thesis "Language means of propositions with appeal communicative function - recommendations, advices" is focused on analysis and on ordering of language means which are characteristic for the mentioned type of propositions. The propositions with the appeal communicative functions represent a broad spectrum of varied propositions. This thesis is concentrated on the written form, in concrete terms on texts which indicate what and how to do something. The special type of these texts is called directions and forms the main object of this work. This thesis is devided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part refers at first to the used published citations and explains the basic linguistic terms connected with the propositions with appeal communicative function. Afterwards, it gives the description of the language means that express the appeal and of the syntactical structures of these propositions. Finaly, this part describes the varied texts with appeal communicative function-recommendations, advices and specifies the concrete type of later analysed texts - the directions - as well as their classification into three groups: 1) directions for use of concrete products, 2) instructions to get rid of concrete problems and 3) itinerary. The practical part studies progressively nine...
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Personal and social dexis in political speeches by Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen
Vlčková, Jana ; Nádvorníková, Olga (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
Personal and social deixis in political speeches by Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen (Jana Vlčková) Abstract The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse the political speeches of the two National Front representatives - Jean-Marie Le Pen and Marine Le Pen. The text compares the personal and social deixis means used by both speakers in comparable communication situations. The theoretical part defines the communicational situation circumstances, the argumentation and the persuasive technics in the political speeches, as well as the personal and social deixis means. The ensuing analysis of the political speech corpus is inserted in the frame of the political party programme. We accept the method of the speech analysis according to the occurrence of the particular language means. The quantitative analysis is developed by examples of the given means in particular languages contexts. On the one hand, the text offers a comparison of the means used in different communication situations. On the other hand, it shows the differences of both speakers' expressing. Thus it brings a specific perspective in the view of differences between both politicians. Key Words Political discourse analysis, personal deixis, social deixis, communication situation, argumentation, Jean-Marie Le Pen, Marine Le Pen, French
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