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Food composition in tobacco dependent patients
Kudláčková, Eliška ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating habits of ex-smokers. I observe and analyze their eating habits and changes by qualitative methods. The theoretical part discusses tobacco, nicotine effects on the organism and on eating habits and weight. I describe health consequences of unhealthy eating habits combined with smoking. The text discusses general nutrition recommendations and recommendations specifically for smokers. A separate chapter is dedicated to addiction, its nature, genesis, forms, and manifestations, and in more detail to nicotine addiction. The practical part describes the respondents' dietary regimens and results of the comparison of eating habits while smoking and while being abstinent.
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Tobacco Dependence Treatment and Depressive Disorder. Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Depression History
Štěpánková, Lenka ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Šteflová, Alena (referee) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
Success rate of tobacco dependence treatment among patients with and without a history of depression Introduction: Higher prevalence of smoking among depressive patients, as well as higher risk of depression in smokers, are well documented. Views on treatment of tobacco dependence in this subgroup of smokers are controversial. Aim: A/ To compare the abstinence rate among smokers with or without a history of depression receiving treatment for nicotine dependence at one year follow up. B/ Factors associated with treatment success were evaluated and analysed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1 730 smokers treated at our Centre for Tobacco-Dependent (CTD) between 2005 and 2010 was conducted. Patients were treated with a combination of psychobehavioural interventions and pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline, bupropion or combinations). At one year follow-up smoking abstinence was biochemically validated by measuring expired CO. Results: 16.7 % (289/1730) of smokers currently, or had formerly, received treatment for depression. Based on the average Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND), most patients with a history of depression were heavily nicotine dependent with a score of 6.1, compared to 5.6 (p=0.010) among those without a history of depression. The CO validated success rate...
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Socio-geographic determinants of risky substance use among Czech adolescents
Kážmér, Ladislav ; Dzúrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
The thesis aims at the specific issues of health-related behaviour among the contemporary Czech youth, with particular emphasis on a socio-geographical dimension of the phenomena. In particular, it aims at identification of selected demographic, social, and contextual factors underlying the inequalities in risky substance use among the Czech adolescent population in its complex multilevel perspective. By applying the advanced methodology of multilevel modelling, the author reveals an integral nature of these factors in space and time, and thus contributes to a deeper knowledge on the structures and processes determining the selected forms of risk behaviours. In addition to an integrative multilevel approach, the author derives recommendations for an effective planning and implementation of preventive measures in agenda of the Czech drug policy as well. Key words: adolescence; substance use; prevalence; socio-geographic inequalities; multilevel analysis; Czechia
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Harm reduction and tobacco smoking
Remešová, Renáta ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Pánková, Alexandra (referee)
The main goal of this work was to investigate behavior and attitude of Czech smokers towards e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and reduction of number of cigarettes by means of questionnaire inquiry. These Harm Reduction methods are favorable for smokers who at present are not able or willing to quit smoking as prevalence of smoking and mortality resulting from diseases connected to smoking are high. Theoretical part concerns basic notions and terminology of tobacco, epidemiology of tobacco usage, legislative measures and above all the less risky alternatives of tobacco usage together with their most current research. Practical part firstly describes methods of data collection and analysis coming from quantitative research based on questionnaires as well as results of the analysis. Target group were smokers aged 15 and more, living in the area of Czech Republic. Total amount of respondents was 302. Data were collected through internet portal vyplnto.cz as and personally by questioning random people and firms in Prague and then processed through statistical program R and Microsoft Excel. Methods are those of descriptive statistics. The first part of results introduces prevalence data which are almost identical to those of Český zdravotní ústav (2012). Then several pairs of variables were chosen and...
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The influence of different sources of nicotine on body weight
Riabus, Daria ; Pánková, Alexandra (advisor) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Abstract Aim of the work: The aim of this work was based on a questionnaire survey to find out the respondents' views on whether smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and the use of heated tobacco affects body weight, including gender differences. The secondary aim was determined with any likelihood of replacing respondents who vape EC or use heated tobacco according to a variable flavor, food, or snack of EC or heated tobacco. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was spreaded via Facebook in the Spolucestování, Kolej 17. listopadů and 1. LF UK Nutriční terapeuti interest groups from 21 April 2021 to 31 March 2021, as well as through the discussion forums of the eMimino and Mamaguru websites. Only individuals who smoke cigarettes, vape electronic cigarettes with nicotine or use heated tobacco could participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 190 respondents. , while 6 respondents were excluded due to incomplete answers or failure to meet the entry criteria. The final set includes 184 respondents. Results: The group of 184 respondents consisted of 101 women and 83 men. Average age of the group was 27.63 ± 8.20 years, average age of women 27.10 ± 7.53 years, average age of men 28.27 ± 8.96 years. The result shows that 34% of...
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The relationship between sarcopenia and two behavioral factors - cigarett smoking and alcohol drinking - meta- analysis
Šteffl, Michal ; Kohlíková, Eva (advisor) ; Rusina, Robert (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Background Sarcopenia is one of problems its prevalence and development have been studied in many researches. A meta-analysis focusing to sarcopenia relationships could open the new space for following scientific works. Objectives The main aims of that study were to explore relationships between sarcopenia and cigarette smoking and also sarcopenia and alcohol drinking in relatively healthy people over 65 years old on the basis of recommendation of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. Methods Four electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant literature for this study. Then the data which contained relevant information were transformed into contingency tables and there were calculated odds ratios (OR) by using those tables. Except OR calculating, there was made systematic review section where the ORs which were transferred from individual studies were collected and assessed. Finally age-adjusted linear regression models were done. Results Out of 373 papers identified as potentially relevant by the database searching, 20 were ultimately included in the meta-analyses. From those papers data of 33,162 participants were analyzed. It was found that OR (95% CI) in cigarette smoking analysis was in males 1.65 (1.16 - 2.35), in females 1.42 (1.09 - 1.85), and in overall...
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Nurses smoking as one of important risk factors of this profession
Drozdová, Radomila ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Hrubá, Drahoslava (referee) ; Králíková, Eva (referee)
Smoking is a serious problem for all of society. Smoking by healthcare workers, in particular, is an even more serious problem as it affects those who are responsible for helping others quit smoking and for educating the general population regarding the consequences of smoking. It is generally accepted that if a person cannot cope with their own problems, they will have difficulties helping others cope with similar problems. This is equally true for nicotine addiction. Why do so many nurses smoke? It is not logical for nurses, smoke more than other professional groups (39% of 337 respondents) and women (about 25%). At the time of the study (2005) 75% of nurses' who smoked, smoked while at work; managers tolerated this behavior and sometimes even smoked with the nurses. This is alarming since it presents a problem of professional ethics. Occasional smokers state that, while at work, they most often have a cigarette with a cup of coffee. Most smokers report that they smoke mainly in the company of others (62.5%). Half of smokers associate smoking with drinking coffee, they also claim that smoking relaxes them (44.5%) and helps them deal with stressful situations at work. Most nurses who smoke show signs of social nicotine addiction. It has been shown that current smokers started experimenting with cigarettes...
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Tobacco control in the CR and Canada aimed especially at socioeconomic, political and environmental aspects
Fraser, Keely ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Janout, Vladimír (referee) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
(English) Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity globally (WHO, 2018). Within the Czech Republic (CR) tobacco consumption ranks among the highest in the world, and tobacco control measures rank among the poorest globally (Joossens and Raw, 2014; American Cancer Society, 2018). Smoking related chronic diseases and the loss of active part of life are an enormous and growing burden on the Czech system. There is urgency to invest in efforts that will control and decrease the demand for tobacco products (OECD, 2017). Experiences and lessons learned in tobacco control (TC) by other countries, such as Canada, may provide valuable insight to help guide Czech decision makers in identifying policy best buys moving forward. The basic research carried out as part of this PhD project focuses specifically on a comparison of TC in Canada and the CR. It also includes: 1) a national cross-sectional survey of all organizations involved in TC to describe capacity and involvement in TC measures outlined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) (Fraser et al. 2019); 2) a prospective cohort study which describes the results of intensive smoking cessation treatment offered by Centers for Tobacco Dependent (CTD) (Králiková et al. 2014); 3) a cross sectional survey of patients...
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Effect of smoking on lactation and breast-feeding
Šídlová, Marcela ; Králíková, Eva (advisor) ; Syrová, Hana (referee)
Effect of smoking on lactation and breast feeding Abstract The bachelor 's thesis deals with the topic of mothers' smoking during breast feeding period and its effect on lactation, breast feeding and infant health. The thesis is both theoretical and practical. The aim of the theoretical part is to summarize knowledges concerning breast feeding and its benefits, smoking and its harmfulness, to connect these two topics and point at risks coming out when mother smokes during breast feeding period. Marginally it touches the topic of smoking during pregnancy. The practical part deals with mothers smokers' awareness about possible effects of smoking on breast feeding and infant's health and investigates if smoking mothers who participated on the qualitative research see some effects of smoking on breast feeding and their child. It also researches their emotions after smoking a cigarette in pregnancy and after delivery, and compares these two key periods. It determines how long smoking mothers breast feed and if they put in context too early cession of breast feeding with smoking. The main acquired fact is that mothers smokers perceive bigger risks of smoking on their child in pregnancy than in breast feeding period. The women gained the information usualy at their gynecologist but they haven't been informed about...
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