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Predictors of career orientation from the perspective of 50 year longitudinal study
Millová, Katarína ; Blatný, Marek ; Jelínek, Martin ; Šolcová, Iva
The study deals with the psychological and environmental predictors and correlates of career orientation in middle adulthood. The sample consisted of 74 participants (32 men, 42 women; 41-44 years) who participate in the longitudinal study running from 1961. Atmosphere in the family of origin, intelligence and school success at 12 years predict only educational level in adulthood, but not career orientation indexed by stability of career line and long-term unemployment. Concurrently, educational level in adulthood is slightly related to career orientation. The stability of career line, is influenced also by personality characteristics measured in middle adolescence, especially by extraversion. Highly extraverted adolescents had variable (but not unstable) career line in their middle adulthood. Career orientation was associated with risk behavior and with sense of coherence: risk behavior was connected to long-term unemployment and sense of coherence to stability of career line.
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Polytomous IRT models and their usage in personality diagnostic
Jelínek, Martin ; Květon, Petr ; Vobořil, Dalibor
The presented study describes basic types IRT (item response theory) models for polytomous items. Graded response model and its modifications, partial credit model, rating scale model, and nominal response model are discussed. The usage of graded response model and generalized partial credit model is illustrated on the example of Rosenberg’s self-esteemscale. Although these two models differ in their concept, the actual trait estimates (self-esteem) are basically the same.
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Effects of childhood malignancy treatment on quality of life: Preliminary results of the QOLOP project
Blatný, Marek ; Kepák, T. ; Vlčková, I. ; Jelínek, Martin ; Navrátilová, P. ; Pilát, M. ; Kárová, Š. ; Slezáčková, Alena ; Hrstková, H. ; Štěrba, J.
Effects of childhood malignancy treatment on quality of life: preliminary results of the Qolop project.
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Psychosocial context of antisocial behavior of adolescents: the main results of the SAHA project
Sobotková, Veronika ; Blatný, Marek ; Jelínek, Martin ; Hrdlička, M.
The study gives overview of main results of Czech part of the International SAHA project (Social And Health Assessment) in the area of antisocial behavior. The Social and Health Assessment (SAHA), a school survey, was conducted with 4980 adolescents (age 12-16years old) in Prague and 12 regional capitals of the Czech Republic. In current study data from 3023 adolescents aged 12 – 14 years are presented. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify the main clusters of antisocial behavior. Subsequently, adolescents from different clusters were compared on the levels of their substance use, affiliation with peers, parent child interactions, attachment to school, and violence exposure. Four major clusters of children were identified: the first cluster (17% of the sample) comprised children with mild conduct problems, adolescents from the second cluster (2%) reported the highest levels of all types of antisocial behavior, the third cluster (56%) included non-problematic children with the lowest levels of antisocial behavior, and children in the fourth cluster (16%) were characterized by moderate aggressive behavior (fistfights and shoving) and no other expressions of antisocial behavior. The cluster 2, children with highest levels of all types of antisocial behavior, have been found as the most risk and threatened group with high levels of other risk behaviors (substance use, affiliation with delinquent peers) and negative social influences (poor family relationships, violence exposure).
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Posttraumatic growth in parents of oncologically ill children
Slezáčková, Alena ; Blatný, Marek ; Kepák, T. ; Vlčková, I. ; Jelínek, Martin ; Pilát, M. ; Navrátilová, P. ; Kárová, Š. ; Štěrba, J.
The study is a part of study QOLOP and analyses positive and negative psychological changes in parents of childhood cancer survivors. Its main goal was to identify main domains of a parents’ posttraumatic growth. The content analysis of parents´ subjective statements of percieved benefits lead to an identification of main domains of PTG (changed perception of self, changes relating to others and changed life-philosophy). Specific categories of positive psychology were distinguished and practical interventions were suggested.
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Relationship between early child temperament and adult personality: Preliminary results from forty years lasting study
Blatný, Marek ; Jelínek, Martin ; Osecká, Terezie
The study deals with the prediction of adult personality from behaviors observed in the nursling and toddler stages. The sample consisted of 56 participants (22 men and 34 women aged from 38 to 42 years) who had taken part in the longitudinal research of children and agreed to participate in the follow-up study of adults. For description of child behavior the set of 34 rating scales was used during each testing session. Factor analysis with mean scores of rating scales for the age of 9 to 30 months yielded 3 factors: positive affectivity, negative affectivity, and disinhibition. Child positive affectivity is connected to adult extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, and even predicts life satisfaction. Child negative affectivity is linked just with adult neuroticism. Disinhition is predictor of extraversion, conscientiousness and generalized self-efficacy. The findings support assumption that innate qualities provide matrix for formation of social cognitive components of personality
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Social Processes and Personality 2005
Blatný, Marek ; Vobořil, Dalibor ; Květon, Petr ; Jelínek, Martin ; Sobotková, Veronika
The VIII th “Social Processes and Personality” conference was devoted to the memory of Prof. Liduška Osecká, the eminent methodologist within the Czech and Slovak psychology and the former director (1993-1999) of the Institute of Psychology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, who would reached her 60th September 6, 2005. Within the traditional topic of the conference - basic and applied research in personality and social psychology - the conference’s main theme was the research methodology in psychology. Seventy-eight contributions (35 oral presentations and 43 posters) were presented at the conference, their substantial part is included in this conference anthology.
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Tachistoscopic experiments – the past and the future of tachistopical experiments
Vobořil, Dalibor ; Květon, Petr ; Jelínek, Martin
Tachistoscope has been one of the crucial instruments of the experimental psychology since its early times. This instrument is still in use in recent times, e.g. in the area of subliminal perception studies. The tachistoscopes have been evolving since the first experiments; nowadays, researchers do not use a single-purpose instrument to present the stimuli; they employ a personal computer with a monitor screen as a display unit. Two common technologies currently used at monitor screens - CRT and LCD - have different technical parameters (e.g. decay/refresh characteristics). The aim of our study is to explore whether the different parameters of the tachistoscopic instruments influence the resulting data, i.e. whether they cause an unsystematic measurement error. The results of the comparison of four types of tachistoscopic presentation will be presented in the paper. Two original mechanical tachistoscopes (Wundt-style tachistoscope, a tachistoscope with a photographic shutter) and two modern displays (CRT and LCD screens) are included in our experiment.
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