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DNA - topic for biology or chemistry?
Andělová, Denisa ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Rajsiglová, Jiřina (referee)
This work is focused in teaching DNA. The aim is to determine whether the subject matter of the nucleic acids rather biological in nature, or rather the nature of thechemical. The work is concerned with explaining the concept of nucleic acid and its types and functions, as well as view into the history of teaching about DNA and analyzing the current situation in the CR and abroad. Finally, the opinions of teachers are devoted to assessing and evaluating the results of some studies.
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The Persistence of Human Polyomaviruses
Blažková, Kristýna ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Despite years of research, even the most scrutinized Polyomaviruses - BK and JC - have not yet been thoroughly understood. With a number of new Polyomaviruses - KIV, WUV, MCV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSV and HPyV9 described in the past few years, the need to understand how Polyomaviruses operate in their hosts has become even more urgent. The probable route of transmission appears to be either respiratory or faecal-oral. The initial infection occurs most likely in the early childhood or early-adolescence and is followed by a life-long persistence. The seroprevalence of Human Polyomaviruses among healthy adult population is high: BKV (81-97 %), JCV (35-69 %), KIV (55 %), WUV (69 %), MCV (25-46 %) and TSV (70-80 %). Human Polyomaviruses can cause fatal diseases in immunocompromised patients. The site of persistence in humans probably varies depending on the specific Polyomavirus. BK and JC are known to persist in kidneys and the urinary tract. Human Polyomaviruses have been detected in the lymphatic tissues, blood, respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal systems. It is not clear, however, if they persist in all of these sites. Mechanisms which Polyomaviruses use to establish and maintain persistent infection could include the viral miRNA and viral agnoprotein, which would result in a modulation of viral...
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Influence of sigle nucleotide mutations on influenza pathogenicity
Nitkulincová, Lucie ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Král, Jiří (referee)
Influenza virus caused several times the global concerns about the emergence of pandemics, in recent years. The most serious problem, in the fight against this virus, is its ability to quickly change its unusually antigenic specificity by reassortment and point mutations, especially in surface glycoproteins - haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. In this thesis I focused on point mutations in the hemagglutinin of influenza virus causing change in binding preference, which enables both influenza virus transmission between different hosts and unlimited proliferation in their tissues. The permanent change in amino acid sequence and thus the surface of hemagglutinin also largely prevents the host's immune system to destroy the virus efficiently and quickly enough to recognize when another infection. Each of the haemagglutinin subtypes has a different amino acid positions affecting its binding preference. Their summary is included in this thesis. Key words: influenza, single nucleotide mutations, pandemia, patoghenicity, hemagglutinin
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Utilization of Biology Olympiad in schools and implementation of selected tasks into highschool teaching.
Dvořáková, Darina ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
This thesis deals with the Biology Olympiad and remaking of selected tasks of region round. The remaked tasks can be used in highschool education. The thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part provides general information about the Biology Olympiad (BiO), charts the achievements of Czech students in International Biology Olympiad (IBO), includes literary review of selected topics. The practical part encompass four remaked tasks of different topics: Eucaryotic cell as a mosaic, Water in life of animals, Animals' areas and their distribution, History of the flora in Czech Republic. The tasks are processed in the form of worksheets. The worksheets were tested at schools. Knowledge of students was tested by using of created pretests and posttests. The practical part also presents the result of research based on a questionnaire survey focused on the involvement of school in BiO and teachers' opinions on these topics.
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Seroprevalence of polyomaviruses in human
Blagoevová, Kateřina ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Kuthan, Martin (referee)
Human BK polyomavirus, also known as Polyomavirus hominis type 1, is a small animal tumorigenic virus. It penetrates into the host cell by caveolin-mediated endocytosis and then through the ER pathway to get into the nucleus where the virus replicates and expresses viral proteins. BKV primary infection typically occurs during childhood and id mostly asymptomatic, it is only occasionally accompanied by mild respiratory or urinary tract illnesses associated with viruria. After primary infection the virus occurs mainly in the kidney and urinary tract and in immunocompetent individuals remains in nonreplicative state. Healthy individuals have no health problems and it persists as a lifelong infection. In immunosuppressed individuals, particularly renal and bone marrow transplant patients, causing virurie, viremia, ureteral stenosis and serious nephropathy, this can lead to graft failure. The prevalence of this virus in the world is significant, scientific publications indicate that up to 80% of the human population has specific antibodies. Any small amounts of the virus prevalence reported in some publications are probably caused by using various sensitive detection methods and different types of samples.
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Activating methods and forms in teaching of natural science
Kolková, Jiřina ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Vašutová, Jaroslava (referee) ; Škoda, Jiří (referee)
The theme and scope of submitted thesis is "Activating methods and forms in teaching of natural sciences" then followed with regard to the author's certification in chemistry and biology. The thesis is solved in conformity with requirements of the Framework Educational Programme, especially the change of the teaching style in schools. The thesis is written down with respect of a natural continuation of previous work of the author - diploma thesis dealt with project teaching and rigorous thesis was focused on cooperative activities. With regard to the objectives of submitted work the design of the research project is divided into two component parts: a questionnaire survey and a video study.
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Epigenetic regulation of retroviruses.
Dobšová, Martina ; Trejbalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Drda Morávková, Alena (referee)
The human genome is the site of integration of the retrovirus HIV-1, ERVWE1 (syncytin-1) is its stable part. Thus as an integral part of the genome, they are under influence of important genome based epigenetics regulations, such as DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation. Promoter DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation leads to establishment and maintenance of latent state of the HIV-1 virus and formation of the latent reservoir in the CD4+ memory T-cells. This process leads to severe problems during HIV-1 infection treatment by antiretroviral therapy (HAART), as the HIV-1 latent reservoir remains unaffected. Moreover DNA hypermethylation in the promoter of syncytin-1 directs its transcriptional silencing, which is important in tissue specific regulation of this fusogenic protein. In physiological conditions syncytin-1 expression is observed only in placental cells, where the DNA methylation of promoter is decreased. Higher expression level of syncytin-1 was also observed in several other tissues, such as testes, where it is tightly coupled with germ-cells tumors and syncytin-1 promoter hypomethylation. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation of retroviruses by DNA methylation and chromatin modifications highly influence regulation of their expression. Presented bachelor thesis...
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Pupils knowledges abou infectious diseases
Rančáková, Hana ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Erhart, Lukáš (referee)
A knowledge about infectious diseases and vaccination is very important in this time. The questionnaire, which is part of this thesis, is designated for 1st to 4th grade high school students and the upper grade grammar school pupils. The questionnaire was used to analyse pupils' knowledge and attitudes about infectious diseases and vaccination. Pupils' knowledge and attitudes are quite good and students are able to voice their opinion. Females have better knowledge than males and older students are better too. The thesis is further focusing on how are the infectious diseases included in the National Curriculum and examine the prevention programmes for schools. The other purpose is to follow up the threat of pandemic diseases and present state of knowledge and awareness about this topic.
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How are high school students informed about virus biology
Solarová, Pavlína ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Fraiberk, Martin (referee)
Biology is the study of viruses, which are engaged in teaching 2-3 lessons. During those hours, students must not only absorb information about the structure and function of the virus, but also the reproduction of the organism, several representatives and, ultimately, diseases that cause that exists prevention and treatment these diseases. Students remember what it is for the vaccine, the virus infects whom, how they can get infected or what the immune system. What makes the problem of students are questions: which of the viral disease is, what constitutes a viral particle, or what is an infectious disease. In the RVP G is determined curriculum is very vaguely. The teacher thus has a certain freedom in creating the ŠVP and its preparations. To more precise what students should know for graduation, testing requirements used common catalog of the school-leaving examination in this case of biology, who has broken the outputs of the curriculum of all biological disciplines.
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Innovative method of HIV/AIDS prevention in high schools
Peterková, Julie ; Drda Morávková, Alena (advisor) ; Španielová, Hana (referee)
A B S T R A C T Almost every day each of us can read or hear in the media a lot of distorted information concerning HIV or AIDS. Therefore it is necessary to have knowledge about the possible risks of HIV transmission and all ways the HIV can be transferred. These attitudes and preventive measures of knowledge should be developed in high school students who are experiencing very rapid physical and psychosocial growth. Sufficient amount of information available in the problem group of 15-24 year olds has a positive impact on their sexual behavior and thus on prevention. My research methods of knowledge about HIV were done in two schools, one is an eight-year high school, where 24 students of fifth year were questioned and second is a four- year high school, where 24 students of first year were questioned. I used a cross-sectional pre-test and post-test. Students of the fifth year were taken deeper into the problems through creation of posters on topics connected with the problem of HIV. The aim of my research is to develop proposals for the scientific conference, which will be lead by the students and will be accompanied by the created images (posters). This is a non-violent way of repeating the HIV prevention. Creating a pre-test and post-test to determine the extent of knowledge gained after completing the...
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