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Evaluation of nitrogen balance with respect to the administered parenteral and enteral nutrition and the composition of the body in critically ill patients
Vaňková, Martina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to identify and assess the nitrogen balance due to the field of nutritional support, body composition, energy expenditure, utilization of nutritional substrates and their changes during the hospitalization. Nitrogen balance was determined in 12 men and one woman (age 44 ± 16,4 years) with multiple injuries (ISS 40 ± 11) in the ICU based on 2 measurements in the time interval of 1-7 days, as the difference between the received and the ecrected nitrogen. The energy expenditure and nutritional substrate utilization nutritional indirect calorimetry, body composition analysis and blood chemistry laboratory were examined at patients. Correlation analysis revealed dependence between nitrogen balance and other monitored parameters and also dependence on the length of their trauma. Total protein intake averaged 1,40 ± 0,69 g.kg-1 .d-1 . At this dose were recorded negative values of nitrogen balance in the first measurement of the 9-patients and in the second measurement of the whole group. In this work also the results of uptake of parenteral and enteral route were compared. In practice, significant correlations were found between total uptake and energy expenditure (p = 6,31.10-3 ; r = 0,6) in the first measurement, and on the other hand negative correlation during the second...
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Exercise as Medicine. Growth Hormone Response to High-intensity Interval Training
Bažantová, Michaela ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Michaela Bažantová Supervisor: Ass. Prof. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Diploma thesis: Exercise as Medicine: Growth Hormone Response to High- -intensity Interval Training The present research focused on growth hormone response to exercise is part of a wider project related to the beneficial effect of high-intensity interval training and therefore is related to the topic of "exercise as medicine". We hypothesized that as shown by Booth et al, in several systems of our organism (such as the cardiovascular system, skeletal system etc.) our genome is maladapted, because of our reduced physical activity compared to our ancestors. Therefore, also the growth hormone response (GH) to exercise is decreased. Several mechanisms, such as increased lactate concentration in blood, increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood, afferent signals from muscle metabolic receptors etc., have been proposed as stimuli for the GH response to exercise. The aim of the present research is the study of a possible metabolic stimulus of a relative muscular hypoxia, which is the ratio between energy demand and oxygen availability, as the main regulator of the growth hormone production.
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Selected factors influencing parturition
Kolczová, Kateřina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FARMACEUTICKÁ FAKULTA V HRADCI KRÁLOVÉ Katedra biologických a lékařských věd Kateřina Kolczová Rigorózní práce VYBRANÉ FAKTORY OVLIVŇUJÍCÍ PRŮBĚH PORODU Školitel: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Vedoucí katedry: Doc. RNDr. Vladimír Semecký, CSc. Hradec Králové 2007 ABSTRAKT Rigorózní práce zahrnuje výsledky hodnocení porodů u 371 rodiček z FN v Hradci Králové z roku 2001. Hodnocen byl vlastní průběh porodu a obvyklé parametry, které se používají k jejich hodnocení jako délka gravidity, datum porodu, věk, hmotnost, BMI, výška matky, hmotnost a délka novorozence, přípravný kurz k porodu, trvání porodu, a jeho částí, léky použité při porodu, episiotomie, krevní ztráta, komplikace u porodu, přítomnost otce u porodu. Jednotlivé parametry byly vyhodnoceny a popsány vztahy mezi nimi. ABSTRACT The thesis includes the results of the evaluation in 371 births from University Hospital in Hradec Kralove in 2001. It was evaluated actual parturition and the usual parameters, such as length of gestation, birth date, age, weight, BMI, maternal height, weight and length of the newborn, a prenatal course for the delivery, duration of labor, medication used during labor, episiotomy, blood loss, complications at birth, and father's presence at childbirth. Individual parameters were evaluated and...
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Evaluation of the Composition of Breast Milk in Relation to Nutritional Lactating Women
Kotilová, Lucie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Kotilová Lucie Consultant: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Evaluation of the Composition of Breast Milk in Relation to Nutritional Lactating Women Maternal milk is considered the ideal nutrition for infants during the six months of life. Its quality is an important factor affecting the well-being of newborns. The quality of breast milk is linked with a number of internal and external factors. One of the external factors is maternal nutrition which means a diet of lactating mothers. Our study included 38 lactating mothers with their babies. We made a number of measurements, in which we focused on the composition of dietary intake of mothers and composition of breast milk. The aim of our study was to detect interactions between maternal nutritional intake and composition of breast milk. The composition of nutritional intake of mothers did not observe statistically significant differences depending on the duration of breastfeeding. Energy intake of lactating mothers in kcal/kg varied slowly (ANOVA P = 0.4666). No statistically significant changes between intake of vitamins, intake of minerals and trace elements were observed. We revealed a...
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Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Jenšík, Martin ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martin Jenšík Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Resting energy expenditure in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is step by step moving ahead in public and scientific interest due to its fast rising in mortality rate. Contemporary studies observed a phenomena that patients with COPD have increased resting energy expenditure (REE) that leads to loss of fat free mass and total weight. Our goal was to confirm or disprove this hypothesis. Our research ran in Department of research and development at University hospital Hradec Králové. In our study participated 30 patients, 26 men and 4 women, mean age 67 ± 8 let. Every patient was once examined after twelve-hour fasting. We determined REE and substrate utilization by method of indirect calorimetry. We confirmed increased REE from the average value of REE - 122 ± 14 % predicted by Harris - Benedict equation. None patient was hypometabolic, 7 were normometabolic and 23 hypermetabolic. Substrate utilization did not differ contrary to physiological values. Furthermore we discovered correlation among fat mass, fat free mass,...
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Resting energy expenditure during lactation
Plachá, Martina ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Aim: In the past, in Czech Republic, Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) was not known in pregnant or lactating women. The results obtained from our study are intended for clinical use since up until now Resting Energy Expenditure was obtained from internationally published results, and were not a direct measure for Czech women due to differences in terms of nutrition and calories. Objective: The measurements of Resting Energy Expenditure were conducted in 5 different time periods via indirect claorimetry to determine correlations between Resting Energy Expenditure and measured anthropometrical values. Design: There were a total of 24 subjects in the study examined in 5 different time periods. The P0 being at the end of pregnancy, the L1 from birth up to 7 weeks post partum, L2 from the 10th to the 16th week post partum, L3 from the 20th to the 26th week post partum, and L4 from the 34th to the 47th week post partum. The pregnant subjects P0 were used as the comparison with L1 to L4 lactation subjects to observe changes in REE and other anthropometrical measures. The measurement of Resting Energy Expenditure was carried out via indirect calorimetry. The women arrived from their homes after 12 hours of fasting and were at rest 30 minutes before assessment. Results: In our study resting energy...
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Effects of exotic plant extracts on proliferation and migration of normal human dermal fibroblasts
Lehečková, Zdeňka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Background: Wound healing is a physiological and highly organized complex process leading to tissue repair after an injury. A dynamic interplay between cellular and extracellular components involved in the repair process is essential for regular wound healing, results in a restoration of tissue integrity. Samoa Islands in the South Pacific are considered one of the most preserved places in the world. Local exotic plants are widely used by indigenous people to treat various skin injuries. However, the healing skills of these traditionally used plant species have been poorly studied from a scientific point of view. Methods: We analysed the effects of 16 Samoan plant extracts for their potential wound healing properties, by assessing dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration. For the evaluation of these cellular events in vitro DNA quantification and scratch wound assay were employed. Results: Screening of all extracts showed various effect on cell proliferation and migration with a concentration dependence. Particularly, at the highest concentration 512 µg/ml were cytotoxic 8 extracts, while at the concetration 32 µg/ml expressively reduced fibroblast proliferation 3 extracts. The effects on cell migration correlated with the proliferation assay results. Based on the screening data, 3 extracts...
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Elalboration of Community Herbal Monograph on Uvae ursi folium
Jirásková, Zdena ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
In this thesis is a summary of methods which specify body composition and are used in a clinical practice. In this time, these problems increase in importance because of high growth of overwight and obesity in population. Body mass index which is very often used in assessment of obesity does not inform about ratio between fat mass and fat free mass. There are also described particular somatotypes, a proper body composition, including an issue of distribution. There are also defined both particular models of body composition and methods of estimation targeted on anthropometry and caliperation, when the percentage of fat is calculated on the base of thickness of particular skinfolds, according to relevant predictive equations. Them there are described biophysical and biochemical methods used for the estimation of body composition, eg. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, ultrasonography, etc. The method of biospectroscopic determination of corporal compartments is also very popular. It uses the body composition monitor and this completely non-invasive method provides many possibilities of usage in a clinical practice.
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Pathophysiological aspects of critically ill patients and its influencing with hormonal and nutritional support.
Kafková, Anežka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The state of critically ill patients suffering from polytrauma or sepsis is characterised by pathophysiologic processes, which cause significant changes in an organism on both a local and a systematic level. A stressful situation elicits an acute inflammatory response. This response is primarily meant to be a defence mechanism; however, this mechanism might become harmful to a certain degree. Hormones, cytokines and growth factors are included among the main control mechanisms activated during inflammatory response. A metabolic response to a stressful situation is characterized by an increased turnover of proteins, lipids, and glucose. Clinical consequences may develop as a result of these metabolic responses and include inflammation, anorexia, immobility, increased vascular permeability (which results in edema), vasodilation, tachycardia, and increased cardiac output. There are some key factors which have a negative contribution on an inflammatory response. Those factors may include malnutrition, pre-existing inflammatory activity, severe infection, obesity, ageing, genotype, and finally gender-gene effects, which may also play a role. The development of significant hormonal changes can be typified for critically ill patients. Such changes are particularly connected to catecholamines, thyroid...
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Internalisation of anti-A?PP antibodies in cells.
Doubková, Pavlína ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee)
Introduction: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a specific type of dementia with a complex pathology. A formation of extracellular insoluble amyloid-beta (Aβ) fibrils from precursor protein (AβPP) has been identified as one of the main causes of AD. There are several enzymes involved in a production of Aβ; β-secretase has been recently considered as a potential target for AD treatment by methods of passive immunization. A monoclonal antibody (2B12) has been developed and proved that it binds in the vicinity of β-secretase cleavage site on AβPP and prevents the cleavage of AβPP by steric hindrance. 2B12 is known to binds to AβPP at the cell surface and the whole complex after internalization inhibits β- secretase activity. Methodology: The astrocytoma MOG-G-UVW (MOG) and the Human-CNS derived neuroglioma (H4) living cell lines were used as a model of AD. Incubated with 2B12, another AβPP - binding antibody (N-terminal) and several organelle markers (OM) under various conditions, the cells were fixed and stained by the method of sequential immunocytochemistry (ICC) and visualized using fluorescent microscope. Results: The experiments with MOG/H4 cells demonstrated that the intake of 2B12/N- terminal antibody into the cells is time-dependant; the best labelling was after 4 hours of incubation for 2B12 and MOG...
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