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Růst krátkých trhlin ve feriticko-perliticko-bainitické oceli
Polák, Jaroslav
The initiation and the growth of short cracks were studied in ferritic-pearlitic-bainitic steel. Short cracks initiate preferably in persistent slip markings in areas of proeutectoid ferrite. The kinetics of short crack growth is characterized by exponential growth. Crack growth coefficient was found to be a function of plastic strain amplitude. The comparison of the short crack growth kinetics with Coffin-Manson law allows determining the parameters of the short crack growth law from the low cycle fatigue experiments
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Fatigue properties of Eurofer steel developed for fusion application
Kuběna, Ivo ; Kruml, Tomáš ; Hutař, Pavel ; Náhlík, Luboš ; Seitl, Stanislav ; Polák, Jaroslav
In this study fatigue properties of Eurofer 97 steel in room temperatures were measured. Fatigue parameters of the cyclic stress - strain curve and fatigue life curves (Coffin-Manson curve and derived Wöhler curve) were evaluated. Major attention was given to the measurement of kinetics of fatigue crack growth by two different methods. The initiation sites of fatigue cracks and short crack growth were observed and measured on cylindrical specimens with shallow notch. These cracks had a length from 20 micrometers to 1 mm. Kinetics of growth of long cracks with the length 15-30 mm was measured on CT specimens. It was found that results obtained by the both methods are in a good agreement if the J-integral is used. It was possible to determine the threshold values of J-integral and stress intensity factor and to calculate the Paris law parameters.
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Low cycle fatigue on Inconel 713L and Inconel 792-5A superalloys at 500 A 700 °C
Petrenec, Martin ; Obrtlík, Karel ; Polák, Jaroslav ; Hrbáček, K. ; Kruml, Tomáš
Cylindrical specimens of cast polycrystalline nickel base superalloys Inconel 713LC and 792-5A were cyclically strained under total strain control at500°C and at700°C.Structural characteristics and morphology of gama´ precipitates of both materials are documented. Dislocations structures were studied using transmission electron microscopy using technique of oriented foils in selected specimens cyclically strained up to failure. Cyclic hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress-strain curves, and fatigue life curves were obtained for both temperatures. Cyclic hardening/softening curves depend both on temperature and plastic strain amplitude. The cyclic stress-strain curves can be approximated by power law. Experimental points of fatigue life curves satisfy the Manson-Coffin and Basquin law. Stress-strain response and fatigue life characteristics are compared at both temperatures and discussed in relative to structural parameters and to dislocation structures of superalloys studied.
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Růst krátkých trhlin z vrubů ve dvoufázové austenitcko-feritické oceli
Kotecký, Ondřej ; Degallaix, S. ; Polák, Jaroslav
The effect of microstructure and stress gradient in a two-phase austenitic-ferritic steel in specimens with confined plasticity is studied. Direct optical observations and potential drop technique calibrated via the finite element method are used to measure the surface crack size and its depth and to determine the surface crack growth. The effect of stress and strain gradients on the crack propagation kinetics and crack shape is evaluated and dicussed.
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Kinetics of fatigue crack growth under notches in duplex steel
Kotecký, Ondřej ; Degallaix, S. ; Polák, Jaroslav
While under elastic fatigue loading of structural components with a stress concentration the material response is quite well known and the predictions are accurate, under elastic-plastic fatigue loading the predictions are poor and result in over-dimensioning the structure. The present work studies the effect of the stress gradient and the microstructure in an austenitic-ferritic (or duplex) 2507 stainless steel. Fatigue tests were performed on double edge notched specimens. Direct optical observations and potential drop technique calibrated via the finite element method are used to measure the surface crack size and its depth and to determine the in-depth and surface crack growth. The effect of stress and strain gradients on the crack propagation kinetics is evaluated and discussed.
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Comparison of low cycle fatigue characteristics of cast nickel base superalloys Inconel 713 LC a Inconel 792-5A
Petrenec, Martin ; Obrtlík, Karel ; Polák, Jaroslav
Cylindrical specimens of cast polycrystalline nickel base superalloys Inconel 713 LC and Inconel 792-5A were cyclically strained under total strain control at room temperature and at 800 °C. Structural characteristics of both materials are documented. Metallographic observations revealed coarse grains with dendrites, shrinkage pores and carbide inclusions. TEM observation shows differences in the morphology of ordered γ´ precipitates in both materials. Cyclic hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress-strain curves, and fatigue life curves were obtained for both temperatures. The cyclic hardening/softening curves depend both on temperature and plastic strain amplitude. The cyclic stress-strain curves can be approximated by power law. Experimental points of fatigue life curves satisfy the Manson-Coffin and Basquin law. Stress-strain response and fatigue life characteristics are compared at both temperatures and discussed in relation to structural parameters of materials studied.
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Kalibrace potenciálové metody pro měření růstu únavové trhliny
Kotecký, Ondřej ; Degallaix, S. ; Polák, Jaroslav
The DC potential drop method widely used to follow long crack growth, was adapted to measure the growth and to estimate the shape of mechanically short fatigue cracks initiated on a small defect in an austenitic-ferritic stainless steel. The paper deals with problems of calibration of the method by the means of finite element analysis. A comparison between measured and actual crack length and crack front in notched specimens is presented.
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