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Use of Make-up and Gender Subjectivity
Mrňousová, Michaela ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
This work focuses on women's use of make-up from gender and sociological point of view. Theoretical background of the thesis is made by the post-structuralist theories, which regard make-up as one of the disciplinary practices by which the gender subject is shaped. Another important part of the thesis is the presentation of the key theories related to the norms for appearance and the functioning of the gender system. The aim of this work is neither to critique nor to defend women's use of make-up, but to explore this phenomenon from various perspectives. It seems that academic literature as well as mainstream discussions consider the use of make-up as a marginalized activity. This activity requires explanations from the perspective of every day life and women's experience. What norms shape the women use of make-up? What strategies in relation to wearing make-up do women create? With use of post-structural discursive analysis of semi-structured interviews the objective of the research part was to define the discourses, themes and meanings that interviewed women expressed in relation to their use of make-up. Even in the context of very typical femininity the discursive positions and constructions that have the women articulated show the variety and dynamics of women's experience. Key words: The use of...
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Viewing the Holocaust through the Lens of Women's Memoirs
Doválelová, Jana ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
This paper is focused on the analysis of women and the way, how they construct their experience of the holocaust. Three Czech women`s autobiographical texts are explored. The main analytical concern is gender as a concept which is negotiated within the categories of "power/lessness" and "survival strategy". The research is based on the modified usage of the method of narrative analysis which is originally designed for oral historical interviews. The aim of the paper is to break the "typical woman holocaust testimonial" and to explore different ways of construction of women`s identity as authors and at the same time the main characters of the memoirs. The author argues that gender order which the women participate on and which they also actively construct determines the topics being articulated in memoirs and how the women`s experience is being interpreted. The main emphasize is put on epistemological issues of autobiographical texts analyses and the concepts concerning the holocaust memory. Broad holocaust usage is used since the women as the authors of the memoirs apply the holocaust experience also on their other "life cycle stages". The whole paper is primarily based on sociological and historiographical context. Key words: gender, order, holocaust, identity, politics of memory, power, survival strategy,...
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Fatherhood, how was presented in Vlasta magazine in years 1891-89
Kolářská, Pavla ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
Fatherhood and motherhood are mutually interconnected in a society. There are specific social norms determining what should be the content of fathers' and mothers' role in society. I have chosen the less studied role from this dyad - namely the fathers' role.I have decided to study this role in a historical context of Czechoslovakia during the eighties. This period was characterized by a totalitarian regime. I think that this fact makes my study even more interesting , because totalitarian power interfered with ordinary citizens' life considerably. I found inspiration for my work in the baccalaureate thesis of Linda Božovská, who studied the fathers' role in the magazine Vlasta for the period of 1976-80. I continue by studying fathers' role as reflected in the Vlasta magazine for the period 1981-89. First I will introduce my study by characterizing the socio-historical context of communist Czechoslovakia , which is supposedly crucial for this study. After that I will concentrate on gender in this specific period. Fatherhood in the totalitarian regime will follow as well as the introduction of the Vlasta magazine. In an empirical part I will apply the method of content analysis. The source of my data will be articles in the Vlasta magazine from the period of 1981-1989 which are concerned with the role of...
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Mother-daughter Relationship in two Generations in Czechoslovakia. Transmission and Transformation.
Ortenová, Alena ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
The work is focused on women/mothers and on the way they reflected on and interpreted their experiences in the upbringing of a daughter. The research is based on the analysis of interviews with five mothers of daughters living in Prague, Czech Republic. The authoress focuses on the retrospective perception of the mother on the upbringing of her daughter and on the transfer/non-transfer of cultural and gender stereotypes in mothering. The work follows a chosen generational cohort of women born in the 1950s and raised under Socialism in the former Czechoslovakia who brought up their daughters in the 1980s and 1990s. The aim of this work is to capture the time period and generational transmission that was marginalized in the sociological research of the mother/daughter relationship in Czechoslovakia, in the years 1970 - 90, contrary to that of the research in USA. The authoress presumes that the interpersonal behavior of the respondents (mothers of daughters) was affected by the place and time in which they lived, the way they were brought up by their mothers and, in turn, influenced their attitude towards the upbringing of their own daughters. Analysis focuses on the strategy of mothers in negotiating their identity and on the conflict of humanity/femininity and motherhood. The work is theoretically rooted in...
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Short Awakening: Springing up of New Gender Topics in the Czech Press in 1960s.
Miholová, Kristýna ; Havelková, Hana (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
The graduate thesis analyses the construction of gender order and gender relations under the communism in socialist Czechoslovakia with special emphasise on the sixties. The text is concerned on the reflection of state-socialist gender order in media articles. My sources of findings were Rudé právo as a representative of official state discourse and Literární noviny and Literární listy as a "cultural periodical", which represent intellectual discourse. In first part I propose several theoretical concepts about gender aspects of communist ideology and about the key changes which means the state-socialist form of emancipation for women's life. On the basis of these concepts I analyse the selected articles by thematic analysis and ideological analysis (a type of CDA). The special attention is focused on theoretical analysis of discussion which I have found in Literární noviny in 1967. This discussion was opened by publishing book The second sex which was written by Simone de Beauvoir. I consider this debate as new and by that time isolated disputation about gender order and women emancipation process. Especially in a comparison with official state approach, which followed up Marxist approach and which was focused on the women employment as a key form of women emancipation. On the other hand, new disputation in...
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Feminist and Ethic Perspectives of Establishing of Gender Audit in Czech Environment
Cozlová, Klára ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to carry out a critical analysis of designing and enforcing gender audits in the Czech Republic - the gender audit created in the NGO Aperio. The goal is to evaluate positive and negative aspects of decision-making processes, which are connected to this new instrument of equal opportunities policy in the context of firms and in the Czech society more generally. This thesis evaluates and emphasizes the gender perspective of audit and its overlaps to feminist theories.
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Ethnography of research object in knowledge production practices: Configurations of materiality, discursivity and agency.
Górska, Magdalena ; Kiczková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Ezzeddine, Petra (referee)
Thesis investigates performative processes of research object materialization in everyday research practices enacted in a scientific laboratory examining biosynthesis of pheromones of bumblebees. Drawing attention to the simultaneous continuities and transformations that are characteristic for the specific materialization processes of the research object, the thesis attempts to question anthropocentric accounts of cognitive practices of science and focuses not only on human but also on non-human agency. It also attempts to challenge conceptualisation of matter as passive and essential entity which is grounded in positivist and representationalist accounts of science and knowledge. Instead, it aims to understand materiality and diskursivity as mutually and onto-epistemologically constitutive. The thesis also marginally focuses on the contemporary research policies and managerial and evaluation systems that are discussed here as normative actors transforming concept of science and agentially constituting research object enactment in everyday research practices. These debates are grounded in a posthumanist materialist framework that builds on literature in science studies (Actor-Network-Theory in particular) and feminist materialism of Karen Barad and Judith Butler.
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Gender Selection as a Topic of Bioethics
Hendlová, Tereza ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
My thesis focuses on the topic of gender selection (deliberate determination of the child's gender which is now possible thanks to recent developments in reproductive medicine) from the perspective of biomedical ethics. The main question is whether the practise of gender selection complies with the 4 basic principles of bioethics against which all medical action should be assessed (principle of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice). In the thesis, I distinguish between two main types of gender selection: gender selection for medical and non-medical reasons. The main focus is put on the second type, which is more ethically disputable, as it is not as directly related to the child's health and well-being as the first type. Gender selection for non-medical reasons is practiced in the context of multiple interactions of social, political, economic and other factors that all inform parental choices. One of the very influential factors is the medical discourse. For the purpose of complex contextualisation of gender selection for non-medical reasons, the concept of procreative liberty (introduced by J.A. Robertson) and feminist critiques of reproductive choices are presented. My main argument is that gender selection for non-medical reasons should not be legal and available as it has a high potential...
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20th CENTURY AS AN EXPERIENCE OF ONE CONCRETE WOMAN
Svobodová, Jana ; Sokolová, Věra (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of my diploma work is to find, how are concrete periods and events reflected in a life of concrete women, how were her acts influenced by gender norms and stereotypes of the society, and how much felt this woman limited by them. As a method was chosen the oral history, that enables working with the life stories of people of all kinds of social status and experiences. Its based on biografical life stories, that are analized and interpreted by the research. In the case of my narrator was chosen my grandma, born in the 1922 in agricultural society. This caused that her life experiences dont correspond with the picture of her period, that we know from the historiographical mainstream production, accenting the city middle classes. Therefore it is - by usány the oral history and the analytical category gender - possible to make an original wiev at the events and period of the twentieth century in the way lived by concrete women. This wiev, often marginalizing political events accented by mainstream history, and accenting everyday life influenced by the gender system more, is the vivid proof how much different can be the apprehention of the life according to the context and the concrete life experiences.
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