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Forensic ballistics
Valter, Miroslav ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
Forensic ballistics Abstract The topic of this thesis is forensic ballistics, a technical forensic method, examining firearms, ammunition and other conditions of committing a crime using a firearms for criminalistic purposes. This thesis focuses on placing forensic ballistics in the general context of criminalistics, criminal law and international aspects. For this purpose is this thesis divided into three main parts. The first part deals with forensic ballistics as one of technical forensic methods. Attention will be paid to the definition of forensic ballistics, placing forensic ballistics into the system of criminalistics and areas of forensic ballistics. Particular objects of forensic ballistic examination, especially specific tangible and intangible assets examined by forensic ballistics, will be presented. According to objects of forensic ballistic examination will also be presented the issue of ballistic traces. Particular sections of forensic ballistic examination will be defined at the end of the first part. The second part is focused on procedural aspects of forensic ballistics, especially its connection with other forensic sciences and methods of criminalistics and criminal procedural law. The main idea of this part is to connect forensic ballistics as a forensic science with forensic expertise...
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Tactical methods of overcoming false testimony
Pešičková, Martina ; Krupička, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
Tactical methods of overcoming false testimony Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is tactical methods of overcoming false testimony. This diploma thesis aims to map and analyze selected criminal-tactical procedures used to overcome false testimony, as well as some other methods of overcoming false testimony, whether permitted or not, and to define the mechanism of their operation, especially with regard to their use in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis concludes with a discussion of a specific and controversial tactical procedure used to overcome false testimony, which is the lie detector. The diploma thesis is organized into four chapters and their subchapters. The first chapter deals with basic terminology and its definition. It defines the concept of interrogation and testimony, false testimony including the manifestations on the basis of which a lie can be detected in a testimony, the concept of credibility and truthfulness, as well as the different types of interrogation according to the classification criteria of complete and credible testimony. The main topic of the diploma thesis is contained in the second chapter. This chapter defines the mechanism of operation and the essence of the basic tactical interrogation procedure as well as the partial tactical interrogation procedure used to...
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Historický vývoj zvolených obcí v příhraničních oblastech
DVOŘÁK, Marek
In this bachelor thesis we have presented the historical development of two localities in the border area, namely Rychnov u Nové Hradů and Konratice. The people here have not had an easy life in history. The history of the villages began to be written in the second half of the 13th century, when the church of St. Jilja was built, which is today the most valuable thing that has been preserved in the village. The development of the village was like that of many other villages close to the border. The events that influenced the development of the population and the coexistence of Czechs and Germans are described here, together with the redistribution of property between them. A description of the landscape and the way it has changed compared to the present has been made. It also describes the occurrence and preservation of monuments and the development of life in the village.
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Investigative hypothesis
Sedláčková, Hana ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
Investigative hypothesis Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of investigative hypothesis as a part of criminalistic science and a method of criminalistic practice. The aim of the thesis is to provide a thorough definition and essence of investigative hypothesis, to describe their types, creation, process of verification and proving of versions and last but not least to show their practical significance and use on real criminal cases. The thesis uses the methods of descriptive analysis, comparison and interpretation. In the first chapter of the thesis, the concept of criminalistic versions itself is examined in detail, first through its systematic classification, then through an analysis of its definition put forward by some of the most important figures in criminalistics. Furthermore, the first chapter is devoted to a brief analysis of the concept of the term hypothesis and its relevance to investigative hypothesis. The thesis then goes on to explore the concept further by comparing the method of creating investigative hypothesis with behavioural analysis (criminal profiling) as a method of constructing a profile of an offender. The subject of the second chapter of the thesis is then concerned with the possible ways of dividing investigative hypothesis and their different types. A part of this chapter...
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Euthanasia and related issues
Vékony, Jakub ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the legal institute of euthanasia and related issues with emphasis on the criminal law aspect. The aim of this work is to introduce the reader to the concept of euthanasia, to provide an analysis of basic human rights related to euthanasia, an analysis of the criminal law of euthanasia in the Czech Republic and a comparison of euthanasia legislation in European countries. The work offers the author's reflection on legislative proposals in this area and a controversy over whether the criminal law sufficiently reflects social needs. The thesis is divided into seven chapters, some of which contain subchapters. In the first part, the author clarifies the research issues and goals of the thesis. In the second chapter, the author offers an introduction to the issues of law and punishment, he also introduces the reader to the concept of euthanasia. The most comprehensive third part of the thesis is focused on the controversy regarding the existence of the right to death, the view of the right to death in the context of human rights and freedoms from the point of view of the ECtHR and the comparison of euthanasia legislation in selected European countries. The fourth chapter deals with the criminal qualification of euthanasia from the perspective of the current criminal law...
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Homicide investigation methodology
Račáková, Vladimíra ; Musil, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
RESUMÉ Homicide investigation methodology is certain set of instruction or aid for guiding investigators progress, but it does not mean that if the methodology is followed, there is a sure result in capture of perpetrator. It depends on every specific act performed by the investigator. Correct way of search of crime scene/corps, interrogation, expertise, apartment inspections, recognition, reconstruction and others are already dependent on human activities and their quality depends on those activities. Certain rules or limits provides law that determine all the formalities which must be completed for potential enforcement in court against offender. The first important task is to search the crime scene and the corpse, which must be thorough, because it is important to secure all traces that may be on the crime scene. It is decisive to properly ensure traces to prevent deterioration or destruction of found material and especially biological traces, where a DNA sample or other important fibers of significant probative value are found. Interrogation is an act where it is best to see that methodology is only a guide, but how good it will be depending on investigator (his preparedness and experiences) who performs it and also on the willingness of an interviewee to cooperate. Good planning and organization of...
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Success runs in series of Bernoulli trials
Mach, Tibor ; Anděl, Jiří (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
This work is focused on selected probability characteristics of runs in a sequence of Bernoulli trials and on some randomness tests based on these runs. Based on Markov chains, an explicit formula is derived for the probability that the first success run of a lenght $k$ in a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials occurs in the $n$-th trial and other formulas for this probability are mentioned. Furthermore, approximations of the exact value of this probability (particularly the Feller approximation), bounds of these approximations, and their numeric relations are examined. Lastly, a test of randomness based on the lenght of the longest run in a sequence of $n$ Bernoulli trials and a test based on the total amount of runs are derived.
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Models of changes in econometric time sequences
Strejc, Petr ; Hušková, Marie (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
This paper is concerned with change-point detection in parameters of econometric regression models when a training set of data without any change is available. There are presented two well- known sequential tests - CUSUM test for linear regression model and a test based on weighted residuals for an autoregressive time series - including their asymptotical properties under certain conditions. Two asymptotically equivalent variance estimators are compared in a finite sample situation using Monte Carlo simulations. There are also presented and compared critical value approximations using different bootstrapping methods and variance estimators. Finally, the weighted residual test is applied on S&P 500 historical data.
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Analysis of brand internal cannibalization due to promo mechanics
Böhm, David ; Reisnerová, Soňa (advisor) ; Dvořák, Marek (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to compare various promo mechanics taking into consideration their behaviour to the same non-promo product or a group of products (cannibalization). The sales volume increase in promo weeks compared to non-promo weeks is the second studied quantity (uplift). The analysis is calculated on the data acquired from the sales of biscuits in 2007 and 2008. The data show sales volumes in separate weeks and markets divided by applied promo mechanics (Bonus Pack, Limited edition, Multipack, Upsize, Temporary price reduction or without promo mechanics) and estimated sale volume that would be sold without promo mechanics (baseline). Products are sorted into categories according to the product properties, price and sales volume in non-promo weeks. The promo mechanics' behaviour is studied on these categories. The results of the analysis will be used as a base for future promotion strategy. The end of this thesis deals with approximation of the distribution function of cannibalization and uplift and reciprocal relation of these quantities.
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Is the Sportka game just?
Dvořák, Marek ; Čerbáková, Jana (advisor) ; Antoch, Jaromír (referee)
Nazev prace: Je Sportka spravedliva? AnLor: Marek Dvorak Katedra: Katedra. pravdepodobnosti a matematicke stalistiky Vedouci bakalnfske prace: Mgr. Jaua Cerbakova (.'-mail vedoiirihu: ja[irii.-erb'Lkarlin.mfi'.cuiii.ez Abstrakt: V pfedlo/one prad se zabyvame sazkovon loterii Sportka provo- xovanou v Ceske rei>ublice akciovon spolecnosti SAZKA. V uvodu prace zdnraziiujeme vyznam Sportky na trim loterii v OR a in'inasiiiu1 zakladni inibrnuicc1 o jejim vzniku a vyvoji. Po sti/namc'iii s pravidly hry a jojich ^inena.nii i>oeitaine ])ravdej)odol)nost.i vytazeni ciscl v zavislosti ua jediiot- livych po/Jcieh. Nask'duje vypocot. pravdrpodobnosti vyher v jc'duotlivych pofadieh v zj'u'islosti na zmrnaeh v ])ra\'idleeh Sportky. Hlavni cast prace obsahuje /akladni tvrzeni z tecn'ie testii dobro shody, ktere uaslediie innozni testovat hypotezu o ])aranietrech ninltiuouiiekeho rozdek'ni na /aklade napo- xorova.nych cetnosti la/rnyrli eisel. V za\'eru pfinasinic altei'nativni pohlcd na spravedlivost HporLky, ktery vyrlia/i z konceiitu ceiiy sazenky. Klicova slova: eel.nost, pra\dep(Klobnosti vyhor, Sportka, s])ra\'(.idlivost Title: Is Sporlka lair? Author: Marc:k Dvof;ik Departmrut: Do]iart.iiitjnL of Probal)ilily and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: Mgr. Jana Oerl>akova SupervLsor's e-mail address:...
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