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Differences in legal status of same-sex marriage between selected US states: California, Texas, Florida
Hodboď, Dominik ; Anděl, Petr (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of same-sex marriage in California, Texas and Florida. Gay marriages is a very hot topic nowadays in the US. After the Supreme Court decision in June 2013, which struck down a law that explicitly defined marriage as a union only between a man and a woman, ensued a wave of states legalizing gay marriages. After another Supreme Court decision in October 2014 on the issue, it became legal in the majority of US states to wed couples of the same gender. Texas and Florida did not join these states. California on the contrary legalized same-sex marriages. The thesis searches for reasons of this disparity in legal status of gay marriages between the three states. Particularly it looks at political aspects of the issue. The thesis describes the political situation in the examined states and approach of the politicians to the question of same-sex marriages. It also deals with relevant court cases which are essential to the issue. From the researched outcomes it finds reasons for differences in legal status of same-sex marriages between California, Texas and Florida before the October 2014 Supreme Court decision.
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Impact of the Operation Gatekeeper on the number of illegal immigrants into the USA
Ochmannová, Kristýna ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
Bachelor thesis The Impact of the Operation Gatekeeper on the number of illegal immigrants into the United States deals with the effort of the United States of America to improve the border protection against the entry of illegal aliens, mostly from Mexico. The paper initially focus on the history of border enforcement and Border Patrols on the U.S.-Mexico boundary. Another chapter is devoted to historical and territorial context of the area between the U.S. city of San Diego and Mexican city of Tijuana. Consequently, the paper attempts to explain the reasons why the United States had to increase border control and devised programs to improve defense but also the promotion to the floor of Congress and the general public. Operation Gatekeeper was a part of the program, which included the area on the west coast, in the San Diego sector. The paper also stated what was involved during the operation, what was part of it. Attention is paid to the impacts that were associated with the topic of Gatekeeper . These include reducing the number of illegal crossings in the San Diego, but illegal immigrants attempt trying in another territory , as well as an increased risk for illegal immigrants in less accessible areas or the development of professional smugglers. In conclusion, the paper try to explain the...
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Participation of the Executive and Legislative on War Powers After 9/11
Doskočil, Jan ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
The subject of this thesis is a resolution titled "Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists" and its importance regarding the matter of war power of the President of the United States. This resolution was proposed by the President George W. Bush immediately after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, and Congress passed it with haste. It vested broad war powers in the President to the war on terrorism without the necessity of consulting Congress. This thesis' aim is to evaluate the importance of this resolution in the ever-evolving discussion about the participation of the executive and legislative branches on war powers. The thesis also analyzes the legality and legitimacy of the resolution according to the Constitution and the Founding Fathers' intentions while creating it. This thesis addresses these issues through analyzing diverse interpretations of the Constitution, statements made by the Framers of the Constitution, and through examination of the development of war powers in the second half of the 20th century.
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The role of American media on Spanish-American conflict in 1898
Honsová, Eliška ; Kozák, Kryštof Přemysl (advisor) ; Šafařík, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of American media on the decision to intervene in Cuba in 1898. The aim is to find out the reasons for the American intervention in Cuba and the role of American media, especially tabloids, in this decision making. The paper analyzes and justifies the factors that influenced the decision of President William McKinley. The first part describes the change of American media at the end of nineteeth century and explains the concept of yellow journalism that links to tabloids. The second part deals with events and political decisions before American intervention and ends with a brief description of the conflict. The last part discusses the role of tabloids in the context of the conflict. There are some arguments that focus specifically on the impact of reports on the American public and the penetration into politics. It has been found that the influence of American tabloids at that time is overestimated and was not the main reason for the US intervention on the island.
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Consequences of NAFTA Trade Agreement for the Car Industry in North America
Dobeš, Petr ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), signed between the United States of America, Canada and Mexico and its impact on the automotive industry in North America between the years 1994, when NAFTA came into force, and 2009, when two major American car manufacturers, General Motors and Chrysler, went bankrupt during the global-scale recession and the industry changed significantly. The thesis is based on the theory of comparative advantages, as it was described by a British economist David Ricardo in the 19th century. It subscribes to the general principle that a free trade is beneficial to all engaged parties, because it enables more effective allocation of resources and provides for more specialization of production. The thesis argues NAFTA was a complex and ambitious international trade deal that had profound impact on the evolution of this branch of industry in the United States, Canada and Mexico, however its impact on the economy as a whole was limited and many of the changes, attributed to NAFTA, would likely have happened even without its passage due to the natural process of evolution of the industry and modernization. The creation of a continent-wide zone of free trade enabled local and foreign car makers to establish international supply chains that...
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Historie nerovných příležitostí v USA: Segregace hispánských dětí ve školách
Veselková, Eva ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Raška, Francis (referee)
A History of Unequal Opportunity in the U.S. Segregation of Latino School Children Half a century has passed since the U.S. Supreme Court famously stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. After all this time, separate facilities are still the reality and they are still unequal. This thesis examines the educational experience of Latino children in the United States from the twentieth century up to the present, with the main focus on the area of the American Southwest. The history of Latino school segregation is examined from the legal perspective, focusing on the significant court cases in which Latinos fought against segregation and for equal educational opportunities. A special attention is paid to Mendez v. Westminster federal court case, which has ended de jure segregation of Latinos after the World War II. While the topic of school segregation in relation to Latinos is often overlooked by professional literature and little known to the public, it is very important as Latinos represent one fourth of all public school children in the United States today. This paper concludes that, because of school segregation, the educational history of Latinos in the United States is one of unequal opportunity. Moreover, the educational opportunities of Latino children remain...
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Giuliani's Zero Tolerance Policy and Its Effectiveness
Tršová, Andrea ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the zero tolerance policing which was established in New York in the second half of the 1990s. Authors of this police approach were New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police Commissioner William Bratton. They took their offices in 1994, when there were very high crime rates in New York. Crime rates increased mainly in the 1980s but the situation was still very serious in the beginning of the 1990s. Under Bratton, who had a political support from mayor Giuliani, the New York Police Department adopted a strict law enforcement strategy, which is also called the zero tolerance. In the following years the crime rates went down indeed, and Giuliani and Bratton claimed credit for this crime drop. However, a lot of criticism of their police approach appeared soon and many studies explained falling crime rates as a result of other factors. This paper focuses on the description of changes that took place in the New York Police Department and on the discussion about factors that might have caused the crime drop. The purpose of this paper it to explain what the zero tolerance policing is, to analyze different factors that might have had caused declining of crime rates and to consider the effect of zero tolerance on crime rates.
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"Better Red than Dead": American Indians' Struggle for Sovereignty Rights in the 1960s and 1970s
Staňková, Olga ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
In my thesis, I argue that the Native American activism of the 1960s and 1970s does not fall into the category of Civil Rights Movement because of its significantly different goals, and that the fundamentally different character of sovereignty rights also keeps the Indian struggle invisible in American understandings of U.S. political and social history. According to my analysis, the terms tribal sovereignty, self-determination, and treaty rights describe the ultimate goals of the Native American activists in the 1960s and 1970s the best. The decade between 1964 and 1974 witnessed the rise of radical Indian activism, which succeeded in reminding the general public and politicians that Indians are still present in the United States. Furthermore, it influenced a whole generation of Native Americans who found new pride in being Indian. However, this current of American activism is not known so well by the general U.S. public. This thesis will describe this state as "selective visibility" deriving from U.S. selective historical memory, only noticing and remembering those events and images concerning Native Americans that can be simply understood, somehow relate to the U.S. set of values, and fit in the national historical narrative.
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The Role of Greenland and Nunavut in International Relations in 1979-2009
Zettlitzerová, Radka ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
Greenland and Nunavut are territories with a limited measure of autonomy. Greenland obtained it's autonomy when the Greenland Home Rule Act came into effect. Nunavut instead, obtained it's autonomy from the moment it was created in 1999, via the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and the Nunavut Act.. Both Greenland and Nunavut have no authority to interfere with international affairs, but they do have options to get involved via different Inuit organizations (the majority of the population both Greenland and Nunavut are Inuits). This bachelor thesis, Role of Greenland and Nunavut in international relations in 1979 - 2009, aims to find an answer to the possibility of Greenland and Nunavut having an active part in international affairs (based on the documents mentioned above), if they can be considered of subjects of the international law and if some examples of their international involvement even can be mentioned. Even though according to their constitutional acts, niether Greenland nor Nunavut are allowed to act independently in matters of international affairs, the author of this thesis defends the hypothesis that in fact they can, participate in international discussions and even, on a limited scale, decide their own foreign policy. The first part of this thesis introduces a basic geographical,...
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