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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Šámal, Filip ; Haninec, Pavel (advisor) ; Vyklický, Ladislav (referee) ; Zvěřina, Eduard (referee)
Traumatic injury of peripheral nerves represents an important area of present-day clinical and experimental interest. Despite a large quantity of experimental data acquired in an intense research of this topic carried out in recent years, traumatic affection of peripheral nerves continues to be a complex surgical problem. Injury of peripheral nerves often results in a permanent and serious impairment in the patients' lives connected with the loss of the affected peripheral nerve function. If an injured nerve is given a timely and correct treatment, these consequences can be prevented to a certain extent. In the current practice this implies the use of all available methods of peripheral nerves surgery, primarily microsurgical operation technique while observing some of the basic principles essential for a good functional reinervation. This mainly applies to tension-free suture. In some anatomic locations and despite observing the above-mentioned facts, it is still difficult to reach good functional results. This primarily applies to brachial plexus injury which is one of the most complicated and serious of all lesions of peripheral nerves. Out of the total number of nerve injuries they are represented in large sets by three to seven percent. In his set, Midha reports 1.2% of patients affected by the...
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Decompressive craniotomy in craniocerebral injury - evaluation of outcome one year after trauma
Navrátil, Luděk ; Choc, Milan (advisor) ; Náhlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee)
The study presents analysis of group of 110 patients treated for craniocerebral trauma by means of decompressive craniotomy between January 1999 and December 2003. The influence of different factors to the outcome of patient one year after injury was evaluated. Among the factors in view we included age, clinical status and its worsenig after admission, accompanying injuries, time period between injury and operation, finding during operation, intracranial pressure and postoparative complications. In addition to evaluation of particular factors to the outcome of patients we followed the correlation between various factors. Results: perimesencephalic cisterns and thickness of subdural hematoma were evaluated. In the subgroup of patients with subdural hematoma (n=63) it was found, that worsening of the outcome correlated with the thickness of subdural hematoma (p = 0.,025) and with the shift in the CT (p = 0.0001). Correlation between shift or width of cinsterns to the outcome of all patinets (n = 110) was not found. The perioperative measurement of dural gap before the duroplasty is the speciality of this work. In all patients (n = 110) the correlation between dural gap and the outcome was not found. In older patients the dural gap was lesser (p = 0.021). But in older patients the subdural hematoma was...
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Effects of CO2, alcohol, and caffeine on cerebral blood flow and cerebral autoregulation
Bláha, Martin ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Kalvach, Pavel (referee)
1. Alcohol intoxication increases cerebral blood flow from 8 to 24 % 2. Alcohol intoxication does not impair dynamic cerebral autoregulation 3. Caffeine (300 mg per oral) decreases cerebral blood flow by 20 % 4. Without CO2 influence, caffeine (300 mg per oral) decreases cerebral blood flow from 10 to 20 %. 5. Caffeine decreases CBF despite severe peripheral cerebrovascular vasodilatation (during hypercapnia caffeine decreases CBF from 11 to 12 %) 6. There is not a statistically significant reduction of CBF during hypocapnia. 7. Vasomotor reactivity testing - Carbon Dioxide challenge test is not affected by pre-test caffeine intake 9. CO2 is a strong regulator of cerebral blood flow (through the regulation of the tone of cerebral vessels) 10. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity in healthy humans is 86.5 ± 19.1, and CO2 reactivity is 3.0 ± 0.6 %/mmHg 11. Cerebral autoregulation is significantly impaired during hypercapnia (autoregulation index decreases from baseline values of 4 ± 0.8 to 0.9 ± 0.9) 12. Increase of etCO2 by 1mmHg decrease ARI by 8.24 % 13. Traumatic brain injuries cause significant impairment of cerebral autoregulation 14. The cyclic leg cuff autoregulation test appears better suited for clinical use than the hyperemic leg cuff step release method. 15. Cerebral autoregulation may respond with...
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Cortical electrical stimulation and pain
Rusina, Robert ; Rokyta, Richard (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Paleček, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the study was to examine effects of sensorimotor cortex stimulation on pain in animal. A behavioral model investigated pain thresholds in deafferentated rats depending on cortex stimulation and two neurophysiological models studied different components of the jaw opening reflex (JOR) and tooth pulp evoked potentials (TPEPs) following cortical stimulation. The behavioral model used 18 deafferentated (dorsal root rhizotomy) rats and 14 controls. Pain thresholds were measured before and after cortical stimulation using plantar test and tail-flick latencies. In the neurophysiological model, rats were implanted with tooth pulp, cerebral cortex, and digastric muscle electrodes. 15 animals were divided into three groups, receiving 60 Hz, 40 Hz and no cortical stimulation, respectively. TPEPs were recorded before, one, three and fi ve hours after continuous stimulation. 10 other rats were submitted to recordings after a single tooth pulp stimulation, while in 5 more rats we administrated conditioning and test stimulation. TPEPs and digastric EMG were simultaneously recorded. A multiresolution denoising method was used for signal processing. Our results show a similar effect of the stimulation in man and experimental animals despite the differences in the organization of the cerebral cortex. Our results...
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Intracranial Aneurysms - Treatment Options and Natural Course. Safety and Efficacy of Treatment Strategies for Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms.
Petr, Ondřej ; Beneš, Vladimír (advisor) ; Haninec, Pavel (referee) ; Přibáň, Vladimír (referee)
BACKGROUND: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms are an uncommon, heterogeneous group of aneurysms with poorer neurological outcomes compared to other intracranial aneurysms. At first, as part A, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms. Subsequently, as part B, we performed a multicenter retrospective study to analyze the outcome in a large series of patients treated with contemporary microsurgical and endovascular techniques. METHODS: For the meta-analysis, a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science was done for studies published through November 2015. We included studies that described treatment of PICA-aneurysms with ≥10 patients. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the following outcomes: complete occlusion, technical success, periprocedural morbidity/mortality, stroke rates, aneurysm recurrence/rebleed, CN-palsies rates, and long-term neurological morbidity/mortality. As the second part, aiming to report the current trends and results in treatment strategies for PICA-aneurysms, records of 94 patients treated for PICA-aneurysms between 2000 and 2015 at 3 large referral neurovascular centers were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In the meta-analysis, we...
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Porovnanie rôznych prístupov k stanoveniu indexu listovej plochy
Haninec, Pavel
Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important characteristics of forest stand affecting fundamentals of tree physiological processes, biomass production or mechanical stability. The aim of this thesis was to compare three different methods (gravimetrical, optical -- LAI 2000 plant canopy analyzer - and needle method) for estimation of LAI. Additionally, the seasonal development of LAI was measured using the LAI 2000 method. Research was conducted in three European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and one sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) stands. The age of forest stands was from 13 to 77 years. Seasonal development of LAI followed general pattern typical for broadleaf stands in central Europe, with fastest rate of leaf growth in the first month following budbreak. Maximal LAI was observed in mid-June and July and it was 4.52 -- 5.08 m2m-2 in beech and 4 m2m-2 in maple stand. LAI 2000 underestimated the gravimetrically measured LAI on average by 15.1 % in beech stands and by 5.8 % in maple stand (these differences were not statistically significant). Needle method underestimated gravimetrical LAI in beech on average by 22 % and in a maple stand by 40 % (this difference was significant in three out of four stands). Overall, gravimetrical method is most laborious but provides most accurate results. LAI 2000 slightly underestimates results (albeit not significantly in broadleaf species) but enables multiple measurements of LAI in the course of growing season. Needle method is inexpensive and easy to use but it significantly underestimates LAI. Its use for comparison of multiple species will always require calibration.
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