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Chinese Business Culture, Corruption versus Guanxi
Mejtová, Tereza ; Kouba, Karel (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
Today, corruption belongs to particularly topical issue, especially in connection with China, because it has destructing impacts on the overall investment climate in every country, it limits innovations and investments in education. The rate of corruption in China is labeled as critical by the international community. But this appraisal derives from the principles and values of western market economies and does not take into account the Chinese cultural differences and distinct ethical perception of the world. There is no universal definition of corruption. It is a very dynamic element, which stems from particular social-politic situation of every economy and it depends on many factors. China is a traditional relationship economy. The whole society is based on hierarchical system of relationships, which is the basis for necessary harmony among people and for moral values. This thesis tries to evaluate the rate of corruption in China in respect of the Chinese ethical perception of the world. Firstly it defines Chinese traditional values and the way of doing business in China. Further it describes guanxi contacts, which are the cornerstones of relationships in China. Guanxi is a phenomenon, which penetrates through the whole Chinese society and encompasses among others the relationships among...
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Further Exploration of Centralisation and Strategic Delegation
Gregorová, Lenka ; Turnovec, František (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
The thesis provides with an insight into the problem of fiscal centralization and decentralization from the political economy perspective. It mainly focuses on the concept of strategic delegation. The strategic delegation describes a situation, when voters do not vote for a candidate according to their own preferences and purposely pretend biased preferences. The effect of the strategic delegation plays very important role because it can distort outcome in centralization so that the centralized decision-making fails to internalize policy externalities. In the thesis, voters' incentives to delegate strategically are explored in two decision-making settings; centralization and decentralization. The presented model concerns decision-making on public goods provision in two regions with positive externalities. The analysis includes different types of public goods; neutral goods, strategic substitutes and complements. Moreover, the model is extended by a bargaining game showing that voters can delegate a policy-maker strategically to improve her bargaining position .
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Behavior and Institutional Change
Baxa, Jaromír ; Kouba, Karel (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
The main aim is to explain, why we can observe strong persistence in human or firm behavior despite substantial change of economic environment and why persistence of informal institutions occurs. During recent two decades there were various trials to provide explanation of persistence of behavior based on presumption of existence of path dependency and increasing returns, reflecting findings of experimental economics with methodological background in bounded rationality or using simulations of interactions or networks. My practice is slightly different as I'm trying to incorporate findings of cognitive psychology and social cognitive learning into economics. Cognitive psychology implies that behavioral regularities, routines, are based on subjective mental models. Evolution of behavior can be now understood as evolution of routines and mental models, and thanks to their nature routines have high propensity to long persistence despite changing environment. This approach is applicable to evolution of informal institutions and it allows to explain persistence of them using shared mental models. Then informal institutions are seemed as behavioral regularities used by decisive part of the society and their evolution can be now described as diffusion of new behavioral regularity in the society and...
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Alternative Economical Apporach to the Phenomenon of Altruism
Štika, Pavel ; Hlaváček, Jiří (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
In this paper I propose a possible solution which can enable economics to tackle the phenomenon of genuine altruism motivated purely by an interest in welfare of the others. In the second chapter I suggest methodological basis, which enables us to handle the issue. Inspired by post-classical streams of economic thought I come out from the concept of methodological realism leading to an organismic perception of men. Habitual behaviour is then identified as a response of procedurally rational individual to the environment of fundamental uncertainty. In the third chapter I further enlarge perceiving of men by the conception of Jung's psychology of personality and the theory of cognitive dissonance. Distorting influence of the unconscious part of psyche and conceptual way of reality perception enhance importance of habits. Interpretation of habits is - beside behavioural habits - widened by habits called perceptional. In the fourth chapter I present a brief overview of two motivation theories - motivation coming out from Maslow's approach of hierarchization of needs and motivation coming out of the theory of habit bolstering. In the fifth chapter I propose a model, which reflects all the facts mentioned above. As an optimal response to the model environment I identify certain form of altruism...
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Ethical Codes and Standards in Banking
Budinská, Zuzana ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (advisor) ; Sojka, Milan (referee)
Thesis deals with the ethical aspect of banking, concentrating on the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to analyze, how much is or can be the process of self-regulation by the means of ethical codes successful. Little bit perfunctorily it devotes to the banking regulation. Specifically it concerns with new Ethical code of CBA - Code of relationship of the bank and the client. The other aim of this thesis is to sketch the global banking problem - money laundering and related banking secrecy, to find out the moral failings and the way they could be solved.
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