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Relation among cloudiness, meteorological conditions, and orography in the region of Krušné hory Mts.
Rajtmajer, Jakub ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Sedlák, Pavel (referee)
The work deals with relation of cloudiness and orography with regards to meteorological conditions. The Flow over mountains affects the clouds according to the atmospheric stratification and velocity of flow in addition to the shape and the size of the obstacle. The next influence is the intensification of radiation. During daytime it affects cumulus clouds, during nighttime mainly fog and low clouds. Datasets of cloud cover from meteorological stations with different altitude and location considering the position of mountain ridge are used to evaluate cloudiness of Krušné hory region. These are Gera- Leumnitz, Fichtelberg, Kopisty, Milešovka. Annual cycle of cloudiness is characterized by two minims, first at the end of April, second at the beginning of September. The most uniform distribution of cloud cover during the year appears at the station with highest altitude - Fichtelberg. The influence of orography discussed in theoretical part occurred mostly in interaction of radiation, geomorphology and anthropogenic activities in Mostecká pánev region because meteorological station Kopisty dominates in cloud cover from November to January, from March to September it has the lowest cloud cover. key words: cloudiness, orography, Krušné hory, stability of stratification, flow, radiation
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Effects of the El Niño / Southern Oscillation on the climate of New Zealand
Brambus, Ondřej ; Huth, Radan (advisor) ; Müller, Miloslav (referee)
The climatic phenomena El Nino, Southern Oscillation (SO), their interaction (ENSO) and effects of ENSO on the climate of New Zealand is investigated in this bachelor's thesis. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first one (chapter 3) explains the terminology, general connections and conditions favorable for origination of an ENSO event. The second part (chapter 4) summarizes the main research related to ENSO effects on the climate of New Zealand. In this part not only meteorological and climatological studies are mentioned, but also hydrological or dendrochronological studies. The last part (chapter 5) is based on my research which examines influences in SOI (Southern Oscillation Index) changes to temperature and precipitation variables in New Zealand. During El Nino events the yearly temperature amplitude in Northern part of North Island of New Zealand tends to be bigger than the amplitude during La Nina events. This conclusion is based on correlation analysis between SOI and temperature datasets. Impact of SOI changes on precipitation variability was not confirmed.
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Effects of orography on spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in the north-east of the Czech Republic
Průchová, Kateřina ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Šercl, Petr (referee)
The dissertation deals with the influence of orography on the spatial distribution of heavy precipitation in the territory of the northeast Moravia and Silesia. The area was chosen because of the specific distribution of daily precipitation for heavy rainfall events in the past and also in May 2010. Cases of heavy rainfall for the period 1961 - 1995 are balanced with morphometric characteristics in the place and in the surrounding the station, defineted in face of direction air flow. For the calculation of the direction air flow are used data from 850 hPa level from reanalysis ERA-40, topographic characteristics are calculated by ArcGIS and they are correlated with the rain gauge data from stations ČHMÚ. The results show us that only the altitude does not have effect on the spatial distribution of precipitation, but it should be think over more topographic parameters. During the north and partially during the west air flow, where the precipitation are mostly from the stratiform clouds, appears a stronger orography influence on the measurement and on the spatial distribution, if we consider the morphometric characteristics behind the station in the direction of air flow. The case of south and east air flow showed us a weaker orography effect, which can be perhaps explained by a higher part of...
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LOCAL WINDS AND WIND SYSTEMS
Kořanová, Michaela ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Hošek, Jiří (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the flowing of air in the tertiary circulation. We divide tertiary circulation into two categories: local winds and local wind systems. Local wind systems arise from different absorbation of solar radiation of two different surfaces which border together and the phenomena classified in this category are breeze circulation, mountain-valley circulation, country breeze, glacier wind and forrest wind. Local winds arise from local impacts on secondary circulation. Flowing of foehn, flowing of bora, desert wind and mountain gap wind are classified in this category. Then we deal with specific manifestation of winds and with their names. The names of the winds are frequently derivatives of the names of the localities or cardinal points from which the wind is blowing, of the winds' localities or manifestation of the wind. It is difficult to understand the names. For example, in south Africa they call the foehn "Berg Wind", which means mountain wind, because it is blowing from the direction where the mountain range is situated. Then we have chosen some eminent cases of occurence of the local winds. We have worked out case studies of Föhn in Altdorf, Switzerland (April, 2012), of Bura in the city of Senj, Croatia (November, 2004), of breeze circulation in Vigo, Spain (July,...
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Convective environment indicies and their comparison
Marek, Lukáš ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kašpar, Marek (referee)
In this work I created the overwiew of instability indices and other characteristics of convective environment which can be found in the literature. On the basis of variables, which the instability indices are calculated from, I suggested their categorization. It was created five groups of instability indices: (i) indices of isobaric levels differences, (ii) indices of rising air parcel, (iii) indices of potential temperatures, (iv) indices of the energy potential of convection and (v) indices of wind shear. In addition to these five categories it was created the sixth category consists of other thermodynamic characteristics. In the last chapter I used the upper air soundings data and values of instability indices of the University of Wyoming for one storm in Prague and I compared instability indices to each other. The group of the indices of potential temperatures was the most successful in the storm forecast, except the Rackliff index. The bulk Richardson number from the group of indices of wind shear forecasted a supercell storm correctly. The work could be used for creation of instability climatology of the Czech Republic on the basis of the selected instability indices. Keywords: instability index, convection, convective storm
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Relationship between weather types and lightning discharges in Central Europe
Pacovská, Lucie ; Popová, Jana (advisor) ; Müller, Miloslav (referee)
This thesis aims at describing a lightning discharge and the lightning activity detection with an emphasis put on the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). It also investigates possible relationships between the lightning discharge data from the WWLLN and the weather types given by the Weather type catalogue, which is published by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), in Central Europe. In the state of the art, cloud electricity and lightning discharges as well as their detection and network detection are presented followed by a detailed description of the WWLLN, examples of outputs which are provided by WWLLN to the public, and some of the studies processing the data of WWLLN at global and European level mostly dealing with the network efficiency. This thesis uses the WWLLN data during 2017 - 2019 and the weather types provided by the CHMI. It displays the temporal and spatial distribution of the WWLLN data and mainly the results of testing the hypothesis whether there is a relationship between lightning discharges and weather types (or not) by using the two-tailed binomial test. The results show that for the weather types B (low pressure trough), NWa (northwestern anticyclonal situation) and Wal (western anticyclonal summer situation) the probability that at least one...
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Mediterranean Cyclones and Their Influence on the Weather in Europe
Ashby, Patrik ; Müller, Miloslav (advisor) ; Popová, Jana (referee)
This is a research paper considering Mediterranean cyclones, their genesis, and trajectories of motion in the context of extratropical cyclones. Attention is mostly given to the presentation of Mediterranean cyclones, their spatial distribution and impact on weather in Europe. Cyclones from the Mediterranean region proceed through Europe following certain tracks where the Vb pathway, heading from the Gulf of Genoa towards the northeast, is the most compelling. Such cyclones affect weather especially in Central and Eastern Europe. The average number of Vb cyclones in Europe is roughly two to four events a year with an average lifetime of 3,1 days. Cyclones from the Mediterranean often have to cross the Alpine mountain range through the process of segmentation. Extreme and long-lasting precipitation falling from the cold sector of Vb cyclones is furthermore enhanced by low mountain ranges of Central Europe. Vb cyclones are also responsible for several significant flood events in Europe as well as heavy snowfall in the Apennines, eastern Alps and other mountain ranges. Keywords: extratropical cyclone, Mediterranean, pathway Vb, retrogressive, extreme precipitation, flooding
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Hydrometeorological conditions of the origin of significant rain floods in the Czech territory
Müller, Miloslav
Introduction Catastrophic large-scale rain floods occurred in Middle Europe in Iu|y 1967 and iň August 2002. Projects devoted to the evaluation of thá contributed significantly to our knowledge about hydrometeorological "ottditiont of rain floods in the Czech tenitory' To comprehend the variability of such events, more cases have to be studied. That is why recent events are usually compared with historical ones. In our opinion, hydrometeorological conditions of the origin of historic events have been known not enough yet. Therefore the" most significant .large-scale as well as flash floods since the second half óf the 19th cJntury are studied in a substantial part of the thesis. Following issues are of our main interest: o the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and its impact on the flood; o the relation between antecedent and causal precipitation and the development of the saturation of river basins; o synoptic causes ofthe events' Historical cases afe compared with the recent ones. with respect to the findings' statements ábout hydrometeorological conditions of the origin of ňin floods in the Czechterritory are formulated. However, the detailed quantitative synoptic comparisonof the events was not possible using only the synoptic method' Therefore' the second pu.t of the thesis concerns with...
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