|
|
Detection of undeclared fruit species in foodstuffs using methods of molecular biology and instrumental methods
Svobodová, Petra ; Wikarská, Monika (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
This thesis is focused on the detection of apple component in fruit-based baby food. The theoretical part deals with the fruit itself – the apple; food adulteration as a reason for the control of food composition and methods, both instrumental and those of molecular biology, by which food adulteration can be detected. In the experimental part, commercial products containing apple puree were purchased and model mixtures were prepared as replicas of the purchased products. DNA was isolated from these samples, its amplifiability was verified, and the presence of the apple component was detected after the selection of suitable species-specific primers. Methanol extracts for HPLC were prepared from the above-mentioned samples using a procedure previously used for the extraction of phenolic substances from apple pulp [1]. Using this analysis, apple in fruit purees was to be identified using phloridzin as a marker for the presence of the apple component. The result was a successful detection of the apple component in both commercial products and model mixtures using qPCR. However, the tested method of phenolic substance extraction proved to be unsuitable for use in the analysis of fruit purees, as phloridzin was not detected either in the apple puree extract or in the model mixtures to which this puree was added.
|
|
|
Graphical Interface for Flight Displays
Fialová, Lenka ; Rydlo, Karol (referee) ; Chudý, Peter (advisor)
This bachelor thesis addresses visualization of flight data and values in the pilot cabin of current airplanes. It aims to provide the Primary Flight Display with an application presenting the flight values in a modern and comprehensible way. The thesis consists of the design and implementation of the application targetting flight simulator.
|
|
|
Development of fortified gluten-free cereals for specific nutrition
Dohnalová, Radka ; Fialová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The bachelor thesis was focused on the development of enriched gluten-free cereals for special nutrition. The fortified cereal product included processed microbial biomass, either as a freeze-dried powder or as an extract, for which the phenolic content, antioxidant content and protein content were determined. The theoretical part includes findings from professional literature on gluten-free cereals, pseudocereals and their chemical composition. Subsequently, a review on microalgae and yeasts was prepared including a list of their metabolites. The literature search focused on green microalgae and carotenogenic yeasts. In the experimental part, the characterization of the selected pseudocereals and optimization of the prepared extracts of the selected microalgae and carotenogenic yeast were firstly carried out. The selected pseudocereals were amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa. The green microalgae strain Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the carotenogenic yeast strain Cystofilobasidium macerans were selected for enrichment of the pseudocereals. Carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, -glucans, gluten, vitamins, phenolic substances, flavonoids and antioxidants were determined in the pseudocereals. Total fatty acids, lipophilic substances, phenolic substances and total antioxidant activity were detected in the microbial biomass. Finally, mixed cereal products were prepared from pseudocereal flour, microbial biomass and microbial extract. The cytotoxicity of the selected extracts was determined by MTT assay. It was found that the addition of algal biomass alone or algal extract to cereal flours resulted in a significant increase in protein. The yeast ethanol extract increased the phenolic and antioxidant content of the cereal products.
|
|
|
The influence of storage time on authentication of plant-based foods
Trödlerová, Martina ; Šislerová, Lucie (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
Fruit baby foods and purees belong among adulterated food, due to the prices of materials for their production. More expensive ingredients are replaced by cheaper, lower quality ones. This bachelor thesis deals with influence of storage time on the determination of samples authenticity The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the chemical composition of fruit (especially apples and peaches), production technology and methods of determining authenticity. In the experimental part, model samples were prepared and DNA was isolated from them. Then, using two different primer pairs, this DNA was amplified by real-time PCR and a specific product was detected by analyzing melting curves. On gel electrophoresis, it was possible to confirm the presence of these specific products. The last method was HPLC, where phenolic substances were analyzed.
|
|
|
Use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for identification of probiotic microorganisms in milk diary product
Horká, Markéta ; Fialová, Lenka (referee) ; Smetana, Jan (advisor)
In this bachelor thesis, probiotic bacteria and their beneficial effects on human health were described. Several methods that are used to identify microorganisms were also stated. At the beginning of the experimental part, DNA was isolated from a selected dairy product. DNA extraction was made in two ways, both of which provided sufficiently high-quality DNA. The prepared DNA was subjected to polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. The presence of bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and the species Lactobacillus acidophilus, which were declared by the yogurt manufacturer, was proved by electrophoresis on agarose gel.
|
|
|
A case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after knee arthroscopy
Fialová, Lenka ; Kočí, Gabriela (advisor) ; Neuwirthová, Svatava (referee)
Author: Lenka Fialová Title: A case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient after knee arthroscopy Objectives: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to provide comprehensive information about knee joint their injuries, examinations, treatment and rehabilitation procedure. The aim is also to document the physiotherapy care of the patient after knee atroscopy for anterior cruciate ligament lesion, cartilage defect and plica syndrome. Methods: In the general part of the thesis I summarize the theoretical knowledge concerning the knee joint, including anatomy and biomechanics, mechanism of injury and treatment of some injuries of this joint. Furthermore, I focus on the possibilities of clinical examination and subsequent rehabilitation. In a special part of the thesis I present a case report of a patient after ASK of the knee joint with cartilage and ACL lesion, and plica syndrome. This section contains a description of 8 therapeutic units including initial and output kinesiological analysis. All literature used is listed at the end of this paper. Results: In the general section, information regarding the knee joint was summarized. The types of soft tissue injuries, their examination and treatment, especially the arthroscopic approach, and possible rehabilitation procedures were discussed in detail....
|
|
|
The influence of polysaccharide contamination on molecular-biology analysis
Žylková, Kateřina ; Strečanská, Paulína (referee) ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor)
The presence of polysaccharides in DNA isolation and its subsequent analysis often leads to undesirable effects. Polysaccharides together with other metabolites (phenolics, proteins) can act as inhibitors of PCR. In this work, the effect of polysaccharide contamination on the analyzed DNA was investigated. In the experimental part, DNA samples were isolated from two exotic fruits (mango, banana), from which the concentration of polysaccharides was then determined. The analysis showed that by adding CaCl2, the polysaccharide content of the samples was significantly lower. After checking the amplification of the DNA samples with added CaCl2, it was found that CaCl2 itself inhibited PCR and therefore had to be removed from the samples. After purification, the amplification of the DNA was reverified and it was found that the DNA with CaCl2 after purification gave the best results. These results were further verified by agarose gel electrophoresis, which confirmed that a reduction in the polysaccharide content of the samples helped DNA amplification. It was also observed that it depends on the type of polysaccharides present in the source plant material. Banana DNA showed better amplification results than mango DNA. This is due to the different chemical composition of these fruits. Banana, unlike mango, does not contain polysaccharides that would significantly contaminate the isolated DNA.
|
|
|
Development of cereal products for special nutrition with addition of yeast and algae extracts
Požgayová, Viktória ; Fialová, Lenka (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the development of gluten-free cereal products enriched with yeast and algae extracts. The theoretical part of this thesis was focused on gluten-free cereals used in the experimental part, on microbial biologically active substances and on the possibility of their use in the food industry. A chapter devoted to the evaluation of food safety and additives in food industry was also included in this part. The theoretical part concludes with the description of the methods used to analyses of selected biologically active substances in the samples. In the experimental part of this thesis, three samples of gluten-free flours were analysed, i.e. flour labelled as gluten-free, corn flour and rice flour. The content of total saccharides, proteins, gluten, lipids and bioactive substances such as phenolic substances, flavonoids, antioxidants and ß-glucans were analysed in the samples. In the most of the tested parameters corn flour achieved the best results. In order to prepare the microbial extracts, commercially obtained biomass of Spirulina and Chlorella and cultivated biomass of carotenogenic yeasts Rhodosporidium toruloides and Rhodotorula kratochvilovae were used. The extracts were prepared using solvents labelled as GRAS (water, 96 % ethanol, hexane and their combinations). Lipids, proteins and active substances such as pigments, phenolic substances, antioxidants, vitamins and ß-glucans were analysed in the prepared extracts and biomass. Spirulina and Chlorella extracts showed higher concentrations of bioactive substances while yeast extracts contained higher concentration of carotenoids, lipophilic provitamins and ß-glucans. The safety of prepared extracts used in food applications was verified by the MTT test of cytotoxicity. None of the tested extracts showed cytotoxic effects. In order to prepare enriched cereal products, the corn flour, biomass of Spirulina, aqueous extract of Spirulina, ethanolic extract of R. toruloides and the combination of Spirulina biomass and R. toruloides extract were chosen based on the obtained results. Two types of enriched cereal products were prepared and in enriched products the increase of antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and protein content was detected.
|
|
|
Biomarkers of neurodegeneration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with selected neurological diseases
Nosková, Libuše ; Fialová, Lenka (advisor) ; Tlaskalová - Hogenová, Helena (referee) ; Švarcová, Jana (referee)
Neurofilaments are the key structural component of the cytoskeleton of neurons, where they are essential for many functions. They consist of 3 subunits: light chain (NFL); medium chain (NfM) and heavy chain (NfH). Except neurofilament proteins there is also α-internexin in the central nervous system (CNS) or peripherin in the peripheral NS. Due to various pathophysiological processes, neurofilament proteins are released into the extracellular space, where they can interact with the components of the immune system. While the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is obvious, less knowledge about the antibody response to the neurofilament proteins is available. It is eligible to expand our knowledge in this area. Determination of free antibodies against neurofilaments together with their immune complexes with corresponding antigen provides us more detailed insight into the antibody immune response against neurofilaments. We have optimized the ELISA methods to determine free antibodies against light and heavy chain of neurofilaments together with their corresponding immunocomplexes in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Implementation of these methods is precondition for analysis of those parameters in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with...
|
|
|
Development of methods for genetic analysis of plant foods
Fialová, Lenka ; Brázda, Václav (referee) ; Doškař, Jiří (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Multiplex real-time PCR-HRM is an approach which has gained some attention in recent years. It has already found applications in clinical diagnostics and food authenticity and safety control. Compared to its corresponding singleplex PCR assays, an optimized multiplex PCR assay provides the same information in a fraction of time. First part of this work dealt with isolation of DNA from both fresh fruits and processed commercial products. Six different DNA isolation protocols were tested with fresh fruits – three silica column-based kits, two magnetic carrier-based kits and one conventional protocol. One method was chosen as the most suitable and was applied to DNA isolation from commercial products. These experiments also involved optimisation of the chosen method. The second part of this work was focused on the development of a triplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of blueberry, strawberry and raspberry, and its application on DNA isolated from commercial products. During DNA isolation, calcium chloride was shown to be a promising agent for removal of pectin from samples. In several samples, presence of raspberry DNA was confirmed by singleplex PCR. We found out that for accurate results of food analysis by this assay, further optimization of its parameters would be needed.
|
guest ::
