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The Role of Spinneret Glands and Specific Features of Silk Production in Tarantulas (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
Sýkorová, Barbora ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Dolejš, Petr (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a review of scientific papers, monographs and internet sources, which focus mainly on the spinning apparatus and silk production in Mygalomorphae. The thesis is enriched with pictures that could help the reader to better navigate the topic. Spiders belong to arthropods. They are divided into the infraorders Araneomorphae, Mesothelae and Mygalomorphae. Spiders have a body divided into a cephalothorax and an opisthosoma, connected by a pedicel. The digestive system of spiders is specific in that it only allows them to take in liquid food. Almost all spiders have developed venom glands. Spinning activity is a very important feature of spiders. An important part of the spinning apparatus in the spinning nipples varies from family to family, but usually there is a reduction in their number. The basic functional and structural units of the spinning apparatus are the spinning glands, which transform on the surface of the spinning nipples into spigots, through which the silk is expelled to the surface. The silk is used by spiders to form snare or to form protective egg cases- cocoons. In the Czech Republic we can see three species of the family Atypidae (genus Atypus): Atypus affinis, Atypus piceus and Atypus muralis. KEYWORDS Spiders, silk glands, spigot, spidroin, family Atypidae,...
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The Importance of Bees and their Use in Apitherapy
Handlová, Kateřina ; Hanel, Lubomír (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the importance of bees and the use of bee products in apitherapy. In the introduction of the general part, the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is introduced, including its morphology, biology and diseases. The composition of the bee colony and the husbandry tools needed to keep bees are also mentioned. The concept of apitherapy, views on its use and methods of application are also explained. Bee products (honey, royal jelly, propolis, beeswax, bee pollen and bee venom) are introduced. The positives and negatives of apitherapy are discussed and whether apitherapy can be considered an official treatment method. In the practical part, a questionnaire was used to determine people's awareness of apitherapy, the use of apitherapy products and then to find out the differences in responses between respondents living in urban and rural areas. The method of quantitative analysis was used to evaluate the results.When comparing the responses of urban and rural respondents, considerable agreement and similarity was found. KEYWORDS Honey bee (Apis mellifera), apitherapy, bee products
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Analysis of Visual Components in Lower Secondary Biology Textbooks
Heřmanová, Nikola ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
Visual components and their function and use in textbooks are currently a topic that appears in a number of researches and studies. Visual components have a demonstrable influence on the effectiveness of learning and at the same time they help reduce the cognitive demands on students. The thesis in the theoretical part defines the textbook as a didactic tool, visual components and the method of processing visual components. Furthermore, it points to learning strategies for increasing the effectiveness of learning, which are based on work with visual components. The practical part is focused on the content analysis of visual components in the lower- secondary biology textbooks. The function and use of the visual components in the educational process was evaluated. The result of the analysis shows that the visual components in the textbooks are extremely uniform and do not respect the complexity of learning through visual components. KEYWORDS analysis of textbooks, visual components, biology textbooks learning strategies
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Impact of Different Lawn Maintenance on Terrestrial Invertebrate Biodiversity
Klán, Jan ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
This paper focuses on differences in the composition of invertebrate communities in grasslands with different management of green space management. It was carried out on four research plots with different management types (no-till, regular treatment with a power mower, treatment with a scythe, treatment with grazing). The main objective of the work is to demonstrate, using a sample of captured spiders, centipedes, millipedes, earwigs, and leafhoppers, which form of grassland habitat management is the most appropriate in terms of biodiversity richness. Other sub-objectives were to obtain local data on the variability of soil moisture in the study plots, air humidity and temperature. These values will illustrate an idea of the habitat of the captured animals. In terms of biodiversity, the grazed habitat proved to be the richest (a total of 84 species captured). This was followed by the no-mow habitat (83 species), mowed (76) and finally mowed with a mower (74). Mowed habitat was the poorest. In all habitats, the highest number of spider species was always captured, followed by crickets, and an order of magnitude fewer millipedes, centipedes, millipedes, and starlings were captured. One species of chrysalis was captured, which is listed on the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic. This...
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Media Image of the Selected Geological Terms from Evolution of the Organisms on the Earth
Bartůňková, Denisa ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
1 ABSTRACT The aim of the presented bachelor thesis is to map the media image of 9 selected geological terms related to the topic "Evolution of the Organisms on the Earth" and to analyse an educational potential of selected media texts/articles for teaching process at primary and secondary schools. The bachelor thesis also presents the author's methodology for evaluation of the occurrence and categorization of (geological) terms in media texts/articles selected using the Anopress database. The thesis combinates qualitative content analysis and qualitative research. The research sample includes 115 articles/texts from the 15 most read news websites from the first to third quarters in 2021. The results show that (i) the most frequently mentioned topics in media are recent organisms, geological environment and ecological terms and relationships in a context of the analysed geological terms, (ii) only a small percentage of the analysed articles/texts can be used for teaching process at primary and secondary schools as supplementary studied materials, because most of the articles have mentioned geological terms without further explanation, (iii) Deník.cz has the highest educational potential from the 15 most read news websites. KEYWORDS Media, terms, geology, teaching, primary school, secondary school,...
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Parental Care in Insects and its Didactic Use in Teaching
Mázdrová, Vendula ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Šípek, Petr (referee)
In my bachelor thesis, I focus on parental care in insects, its types and forms. At the same time, I present in more detail a parental care of offspring in individual representatives of insect orders. I also explain the concept of eusocial insect. In this part of my thesis I also focus on the research of literature, which in closer look describes orders of insects and parental care of their offspring. In the second, practical part, I first analyse primary school nature science textbooks to determine the extent to which parental care is taught in primary schools. I further analyse the school curriculum (SCP) and the thematic plan at a particular elementary school in Davle. I also develop didactic tools suitable for teaching - a worksheet and three didactic games that can be used in teaching nature science in the sixth grade at the primary school. Two of the created didactic tools were used in an implemented lesson at the elementary school in Davle. Finally, I write about the course of the lesson, its objectives, and I clearly describe its different parts chronologically. Finally, I summarize the lesson and compare it with similar didactic methods used by other authors in their works. Key words: social insect, offspring, parental care, lesson, game, worksheet
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Teaching about Invertebrates at the Second Grade of Elementary School: a Case Study
Píchová, Adriana ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Brůnová, Linda (referee)
The main aim of the study was to find out how specific teachers teach invertebrate zoology at the 2nd grade of selected primary schools. The first part of the thesis is devoted to anchoring the invertebrate curriculum in the Framework Curriculum for Primary Education and selected methods and forms of teaching with motivational character (mainly outdoor education, experiential pedagogy, research-oriented teaching, excursions, and didactic games). A substantial part of the work is also devoted to cross-cutting themes, specifically environmental education about teaching invertebrates. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of teaching strategies and attitudes in teaching invertebrate zoology to specific teachers. Using a questionnaire survey and by comparing the results obtained, problematic points of teaching invertebrates were identified: the laa number of representatives, the (need for) reduction of the curriculum related to invertebrate anatomy, the interconnection of schools with environmental centers' use of live representatives in teaching. The second part of the research includes the results of semi-structured interviews with four science teachers who commented on the choice of teaching methods and forms of the environment in which the particular school is located (city ×...
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Medical Herbs in the Czech Republic and their Use Depending on the Contained Active Substances
Casková, Petra ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis is focused on the use of medicinal herbs from the ancient past, starting with the world's earliest history of medicine, through the earliest evidence of the cultivation and use of medicinal herbs in the Czech lands, to their importance in contemporary pharmacology. The main aim is to create a concise, comprehensive overview of the methods of obtaining medicinal plants, including their collection and cultivation, their processing and subsequent possibilities of use. This thesis also includes ways of protecting plant species on the basis of regulations and laws within the European Union and in the Czech Republic. It also introduces individual species of the most commonly cultivated or collected medicinal plants and contains data on production, export and import within the Czech Republic. A list of substances contained in the drug and their effects on the human organism is also included in this thesis. In the next section, the most used medicinal herbs in the Czech Republic are listed, sorted accoding to their effects. The appendix contains a glossary of the most frequently used technical terms related to this subject. The second part of the appendix contains 33 photographs of selected medicinal plants mentioned in this thesis. The conclusion is dedicated to a summary of current trends in...
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The Outdoor Escape Game in Biology Teaching for the 6th Grade of Elementary School
Ševčíková, Kateřina ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is an outdoor escape game and the possibility of its inclusion in the teaching of Biology in the sixth grade of elementary school. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to describe the elements and process of the classic escape game, outdoor escape game and its use in education. The thesis approaches the history of escape games, geocaching and the educational trail, including elements used in outdoor escape games. The thesis provides an overview of basic ciphers that can be used in escape games. The goal of the practical part is to create my own digital outdoor escape game using the Glitr application, which will be tested in practice. The game aims to revise and expand the knowledge gained in Biology lessons and to develop key competences. The practical part describes individual elements of the application, their possible use and the process of creating outdoor escape games. The theme of the game is insects with a connection to the history of the city of Klecany. It also includes a description of the individual locations and tasks used in the game. The outdoor escape game was tested on three classes of the sixth grade of local elementary school. An analysis of the collected data was carried out, namely the...
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